Tamsui District

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Tamsui District[1][2][3][4] (Script error: No such module "Lang-zh".) is a seaside district in New Taipei City, Taiwan adjacent to the Tamsui River and overlooking the Taiwan Strait. The name of the district means "fresh water" in Chinese. Although modest in size (population 205,706), Tamsui plays a significant role in Taiwanese history and culture.

Name

Historical

The Ketagalan aborigines called the location around modern Tamsui Hoba, meaning "stream's mouth." Hoba transliterated into Taiwanese Hokkien as Hobe. Historical works in English have referred to the place as "Hobe,"Template:Sfnp "Hobé,"Template:Sfnp or "Hobe Village."Template:Sfnp 17th-century Spanish colonists labeled the region Casidor and the Tamsui River Kimalon. Dutch records reference the names Tamsuy and Tampsui but also refer to another "Lower Tamsuy" in southern Taiwan.[5]

Pastor George Leslie Mackay popularized "Tamsui" as the English-language transliteration in his 1895 book From Far Formosa.[6] "Tamsui" is consistent with Hokkien literary readings,[7][8] and (possibly by chance) is equal to the Church Romanization of an older pronunciation (Tām-súi) minus tone markings and hyphen.[9] By 1900, the "Tamsui" variant was already well-knownTemplate:Sfnp and featured prominently in two English-language maps of the area.[10] However, some naming confusion persisted, as evidenced by United States diplomat James W. Davidson's 1903 book The Island of Formosa. Davidson lists "Tamsui, Tamshuy, Tamshui, Tamsoui, [and] Tan-sui" as acceptable spellings and pronunciations.Template:Sfnp

Historically, the term "Tamsui" is ambiguous, as "it may mean the harbor, the river, the village of Hobe, Twatutia, or Banka, and it may mean the whole district."Template:Sfnp

Modern

From 1950 until the 2010 creation of New Taipei City, Tamsui was officially "Tamsui Township" (Template:Zh) in the former Taipei County. The spelling "Danshui" (from Hànyǔ Pīnyīn Template:Zh), formerly used officially by the Taiwan government, Taipei Metro, and other sources, is based on the Mandarin pronunciation. Having long used "Tamsui" as the official English name,Script error: No such module "Unsubst". the local government of the district informed the national government in 2011 that "Tamsui" rather than "Danshui" should be used in English.

History

Spanish colony

File:淡水 Tamchuy - Couple from Tamsui, Taiwan - Boxer Codex (1590).jpg
Taiwanese natives in Tamsui under Spanish Formosa

The Spanish arrived in the area of Tamsui in the early 17th century. In the fall of 1629, the Spanish established the first major non-aboriginal settlement comprising the town and mission of Santo Domingo. The Spanish occupied northern Taiwan for the purpose of securing Spanish sea trade routes from coastal Fujian to Spanish Philippines against the Dutch (who were already established in the South of Taiwan by then), the British, and the Portuguese, as well as for facilitating trade with China and Japan.

In 1642, the Spanish were expelled from Taiwan by the Dutch. The Spanish had already abandoned their settlement in Tamsui in 1638 and the Dutch built a new fort over the ruins of Fort Santo Domingo which they renamed Fort Antonio (after the Governor-General of the Dutch East India Company Antonio van Diemen). It is today known as Angmng Siaⁿ (Template:Zh) and is the main building of the Fort Santo Domingo museum complex. In addition to "pacifying" the aboriginal tribes in the area, the Dutch also encouraged the immigration and settlement of the area by Han Chinese, as well as expanding the production and trade of sulfur, animal skins, and other indigenous resources.

The Dutch left Fort Zeelandia in Taiwan in 1662 following their defeat by Koxinga at the Siege of Fort Zeelandia, who continued the policy of increasing Han Chinese immigration until the surrender of his grandson Zheng Keshuang to the Qing Dynasty in 1683. In 1668, the Dutch left Keelung after getting harassed by aboriginals from Tamsui.[11]

Qing dynasty

File:Fujian quan tu LOC 96685903.jpg
Tamsui (Script error: No such module "Lang".)

Because of its proximity to mainland China, as well as its location in a natural harbor, Tamsui quickly became a major fishing and trade port. The Qing naval patrol also established an outpost in Tamsui in 1808. In 1862, the Qing government opened Tamsui to foreign trade under the terms of the Treaty of Tientsin, exporting tea, camphor, sulfur, coal, opium, and dyes. By the mid-19th century Tamsui had become the largest port in Taiwan, boasting a sizable foreign population as well as a British consulate at Fort Santo Domingo.[12]Template:Efn

File:1895Tamsui.jpg
Tamsui in 1895.

Canadian medical doctor and missionary George Leslie Mackay arrived in Tamsui on 9 March 1872, proceeding to establish Taiwan's first hospitals in Western medicine and formal educational facilities, including Oxford College (now part of Aletheia University), the oldest European-style higher-education institution in Taiwan by some measure.

During the Sino-French War the French attempted an invasion of Taiwan during the Keelung Campaign. Liu Mingchuan, who was leading the defence of Taiwan, recruited Aboriginals to serve alongside the Chinese soldiers in fighting against the French. The French were defeated at the Battle of Tamsui, and the Qing forces pinned the French down at Keelung in an eight-month-long campaign before the French withdrew.

In 1884, the harbour of Tamsui was blockaded by the French Navy under the command of Admiral Amédée Courbet, during the Sino-French War.[13] The French were defeated at the Battle of Tamsui by the Chinese and, according to traditional accounts, with the divine assistance of the Goddess Mazu.

Japanese rule

File:Txu-pclmaps-oclc-6550512-tansui-2322-i.jpg
Map of northwest Tamsui (labeled as Tansui) and surrounding area (1944)
File:Tansui 1 8000 1945.jpg
Map of Tamsui town (labeled as Tansui), Tamsui River and surroundings (1945)

By the time Taiwan was ceded to Japan following the end of the Sino-Japanese War in 1895, Tamsui's position as a seaport was beginning to wane due to the accumulation of sediments in the Tamsui River. By the 20th century, most of Tamsui's port operations had moved to Keelung, and the local economy had switched primarily to agriculture. However, public infrastructure construction projects by the Japanese led to Tamsui's rise as a local administrative and cultural center.

In the early years of Japanese rule (1895–1945), the population of the city was nearly 6,000.Template:Sfnp From 1920, under the prefecture system, Tamsui was called Script error: No such module "Nihongo"., and was governed under Tansui District of Taihoku Prefecture.

Post-war

File:Txu-oclc-6557994-index-457.jpg
Map of northern Tamsui (labeled as Tan-shui (Tansui) Script error: No such module "Lang".) (1950)

Following the end of World War II in 1945, Tamsui reverted to being a small fishing town as township of Taipei County. With the expansion of nearby Taipei City, Tamsui slowly became a center for tourism along Taiwan's northwest coast. In the last ten years, the city has become popular as a suburb of Taipei in the local real estate market.

Following the completion of the Taipei Metro's Tamsui Line in 1997, the town experienced a sharp increase in tourist traffic, reflected in the completion of several riverside parks, the growth of open-air markets specializing in traditional handicrafts and street-stall snacks, the construction of a fisherman's wharf, and the increase in passenger ferries traversing across and along the river.

Administrative divisions

Tamsui District administers forty-two urban villages (里).[14]

Division Chinese[14][15] Romanization
(from Tongyong Pinyin)[16][17]		 Romanization
(from Hanyu Pinyin)[18][17]		 Romanization
(from Wade–Giles)		 Population (2010)[14]
Urban
villages 		中和里 Jhonghe[19] Zhonghe[20] Chung-ho[21] 693
屯山里 Tunshan Tunshan 1,229
賢孝里 Siansiao Xianxiao Hsien-hsiao 1,736
興仁里 Singren Xingren Hsing-jen 1,749
蕃薯里 Fanshu Fanshu Fan-shu 1,076
義山里 Yishan Yishan I-shan 2,820
忠山里 Jhongshan Zhongshan Chung-shan 1,026
崁頂里 Kanding Kanding K’an-ting 2,632
埤島里 Pidao Pidao P’i-tao 1,312
新興里 Sinsing Xinxing Hsin-hsing 6,547
水碓里 Shueiduei[22] Shuidui Shui-tui 6,304
北投里 Beitou Beitou Pei-t’ou 5,779
水源里 Shueiyuan Shuiyuan Shui-yüan 2,516
忠寮里 Jhongliao Zhongliao Chung-liao 1,354
樹興里 Shusing Shuxing Shu-hsing 1,165
坪頂里 Pingding Pingding P’ing-ting 1,411
福德里 Fude Fude Fu-te 6,574
竹圍里 Jhuwei Zhuwei Chu-wei 6,322
民生里 Minsheng Minsheng Min-sheng 6,774
八勢里 Bashih Bashi Pa-shih 4,374
竿蓁里 Ganjhen Ganzhen Kan-chen 7,890
鄧公里 Denggong Denggong 6,355
中興里 Jhongsing Zhongxing Chung-hsing 4,613
長庚里 Changgeng Changgeng 1,686
清文里 Cingwun Qingwen 1,320
草東里 Caodong Caodong 901
協元里 Sieyuan Xieyuan 1,749
永吉里 Yongji Yongji 1,018
民安里 Min-an Minan/Min'an 930
新生里 Sinsheng Xinsheng Hsin-sheng 999
文化里 Wunhua Wenhua 2,133
油車里 Youche Youche Yu-ch’e 5,628
沙崙里 Shalun Shalun Sha-lun 3,499
新義里 Sinyi Xinyi Hsin-i 4,658
新春里 Sinchun Xinchun 6,870
新民里 Sinmin Xinmen Hsin-min 4,960
正德里 Jhengde Zhengde Cheng-te 4,482
北新里 Beisin Beixin Pei-hsin 2,907
民權里 Mincyuan Minquan Min-ch’uan/Min-ch’üan 3,940
幸福里 Singfu Xingfu Hsing-fu 4,742
學府里 Syuefu Xuefu 4,357
大庄里 Dajhuang Dazhuang 4,451

Climate

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Education

Tourist attractions

File:Tamsui Old Street Buildings 08.23 (4).jpg
Shophouses along Zhongzheng road
File:Danshui 080120 3.jpg
Fort Santo Domingo

Transportation

File:MRT Tamsui Station 20070709.jpg
MRT Tamsui Station

Taipei Metro

Light rail

Sister city

Notable natives

Gallery

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Template:Holodict
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ see, for example:
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". (note that the transcription of the map is approximate; the map also includes some blatant errors)
  17. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". (note that the list includes some blatant errors)
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". (note that the list includes some blatant errors)
  19. ↑ Jhonghe (Variant – V) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  20. ↑ Zhonghe (Approved – N) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  21. ↑ Chung-ho (Variant – V) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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Bibliography

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External links

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