Tamina (river)
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Script error: No such module "about". Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The Tamina is a river in the south of the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland, running close to the border to the canton of Grisons. It has a length of almost Template:Cvt, flowing through the Tamina Valley, of which Tamina Gorge (Script error: No such module "Lang".) is an impressive part, before it enters the Rhine as a left tributary.
Course
The river starts below the Sardona Pass (Template:Cvt) and between the Surenstock (Template:Cvt) and the Trinserhorn (Template:Cvt) of the Glarus Alps. Within its first half, the river flows eastwards through the valley Calfeisen and the reservoir Lake Gigerwald (Script error: No such module "Lang".) until it reaches Vättis at Template:Cvt, where it is joined by the Gorbsbach and where it turns sharply towards the northeast. Further below, the Tamina flows into the Mapraggsee. The lower section, heading northwards through Pfäfers, forms a deep and narrow gorge called the Taminaschlucht (Template:Langx).[1] The river then flows through Bad Ragaz before it finally merges with the Alpine Rhine.[2]
Tamina Gorge
Between Valens and the hamlet of Bonadivis, the water of the Tamina digs up to Template:Cvt into the ground. Over the last 15,000 years, the small river has eaten its way into the rock and, between Valens and Ragol, it is sometimes even completely covered by natural bridges. The narrow crevice is around Template:Cvt long and Template:Cvt deep. The gorge, which is accessible by a pedestrian bridge, also contains a hot spring used for a spa.[3] At Pfäfers, the gorge widens so much that for the last Template:Cvt there is also space for a single-lane road next to the river, which since 1838 connects Bad Ragaz with Altes Bad Pfäfers (a former spa and hotel, now a museum and restaurant). The road is closed to cars, but a bus (line 453) operates on it, departing from Bad Ragaz railway station.[4]
There are two hypotheses about the origin of the Tamina Gorge:
- First the river eroded a narrow channel through the Template:Cvt thick Nummulite limestone, which forms the upper part of the gorge today. As the water pushed deeper over time, it eventually reached the softer Seewer Schist below. This allowed the river to widen its bed through lateral erosion of the surrounding rock. As the Tamina cut through the rock obliquely in an eastward movement, the western wall of the gorge tilted slightly and thus wedged the Nummulite limestone banks against each other, creating the natural bridges above the river.
- It is also conceivable that the Tamina eroded through the harder limestone and the gorge is actually a cave. However, the most important outcrops on the natural bridges are neither accessible nor visible.
In the upper part of the Tamina Gorge there is a hot spring, pumping out Template:Cvt of water per minute with a temperature of Template:Cvt. Discovered in 1240, it was used on site and later in Altes Bad Pfäfers between the years 1350 and 1969, and since then it is used in the Valens medical clinic and the spa in Bad Ragaz.[3]
History
Historically, the Tamina Valley (Script error: No such module "Lang"., also Script error: No such module "Lang".) was owned by the Pfäfers Abbey, joined to the canton of St. Gallen at its formation in 1803.
See also
References
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External links
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