Taghut
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "redirect hatnote". Template:Italic title Template:Usul al-fiqh Taghut (Template:Langx, ṭāġūt; pl. ṭawāġīt (Script error: No such module "Lang".); broadly: "to go beyond the measure") is Islamic terminology denoting the worship of another deity besides God.[1] In traditional theology, the term often connotes idols or demons drawn to blood of pagan sacrifices.[2] The pre-Islamic deities al-Lāt and al-ʿUzzā, later also Satan, are associated with that term.[3] In modern times, the term is also applied to earthly tyrannical power.[4]
The modern Islamic philosopher Abul A'la Maududi defines taghut in his Quranic commentary as a creature who not only rebels against God but transgresses his will.[5] Due to these associations, in contemporary political discourse, the term is used to refer to people considered anti-Islamic and agent of Western cultural imperialism.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". The term was introduced to modern political discourse since the usage surrounding Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini during the 1979 Iranian Revolution, through accusations made both by and against Khomeini.[4]
Etymology
The Arabic word Script error: No such module "lang". is commonly seen as derived from the three-letter verbal root of Script error: No such module "Lang". <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>ṭ-ġ-y, which means to "cross the limits, overstep boundaries," or "to rebel."[6] From this, Taghut denotes one who exceeds their limits.
Taghut is used together with Script error: No such module "Lang". jibt in surah al-Nisa 4:51). Wahib Atallah says that these words are of Egyptian origins and explains these words as Hejazi pronunciations of Copt and Thoth.[7]
In the Quran
The term taghut occurs eight times in the Quran.[4] In Pre-Islamic Arabia referring to pagan deities such as Al-Lat and Al-Uzza.[8]
<templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />
"Do you not see how those given a share of the Scripture, [evidently] now believe in idols and evil powers? (Taghut) They say of the disbelievers, 'They are more rightly guided than the believers."
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
This is taken to refer to an actual event in which a group of disbelieving Meccans went to two eminent Jewish figures for counsel on the truth of Muhammad's teachings and were told that the pagans were more rightly guided than Muslims.[10]
<templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />
"Do you [Prophet] not see those who claim to believe in what has been sent down to you, and in what was sent down before you, yet still want to turn to unjust tyrants for judgement, although they have been ordered to reject them? Satan wants to lead them far astray."
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
The Arabic taghut is variously interpreted to refer to idols, a specific tyrant, an oracle, or an opponent of the Prophet.[12][13]
<templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />
"The believers fight for God's cause, while those who reject faith fight for an unjust cause (taghut). Fight the allies of Satan: Satan's strategies are truly weak."
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Again, this term taghut has been used here to designate a demon worshipped by the Quraysh.[15]
<templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />
"There is no compulsion in religion: true guidance has become distinct from error, so whoever rejects (taghut) false gods and believes in God has grasped the firmest hand-hold, one that will never break. God is all hearing, all knowing."
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
See also
Script error: No such module "Template wrapper".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ Dmitriev, K., & Toral-Niehoff, I. (Eds.). (2017). Religious culture in late antique Arabia: selected studies on the late antique religious mind. Gorgias Press. p. 55
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ "ṭāg̲h̲ūt". In Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms, (Brill, 2012) doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei2glos_SIM_gi_04636
- ↑ a b c Momen, Moojan. (1995). "Țāghūt". In John L. Esposito. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- ↑ Mawdudi, 1988, vol.1, pp.199-200
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ H. Rahman, “Jibt, Taghut and the Tahkim of the Umma”, Arabica, 29/1 (February 1982), 57
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 1960-2007
- ↑ Template:Cite quran
- ↑ See Abdel Haleem Oxford Translation p.87 notes
- ↑ Template:Cite quran
- ↑ See Abdel Haleem Oxford Translation of the Qur'an p.89
- ↑ Abdel Haleem Oxford Translation p.91
- ↑ Template:Cite quran
- ↑ Dr. Shmuel Bar Lebanese Hizballah – Political, Ideological and Organizational Highlights 29 October 2006 p. 6
- ↑ Template:Cite quran
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".