OX40 ligand

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". OX40L is the ligand for OX40 (also known as CD134 or TNFRSF4) and is stably expressed on many antigen-presenting cells such as DC2s (a subtype of dendritic cells),^[1] macrophages,^[2] and activated B lymphocytes.^[3]

The OX40 molecule, conversely, is present on the surface of activated T lymphocytes (mainly CD4+ T cells),^[4] but also on NK cells,^[5] NKT cells,^[6] and neutrophils.^[6] The ligation of OX40-OX40L is a source of survival signal for T cells^[6] and enables the development of memory T cells.^[7] Signaling through these two molecules also leads to polarization towards Th2 immune response even in an environment with low levels of IL-4 cytokine.^[1]^[8]

OX40L is also present on the surface of many non-immune cells, for example, endothelial cells^[9] and smooth muscle cells.^[10]

The surface expression of OX40L is induced by many pro-inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, e.g. produced by mast cells,^[11] IFN-γ^[12] and PGE2 (prostaglandin E2).^[13]

OX40L has also been designated CD252 (cluster of differentiation 252).^[14]

Various single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the OX40L gene have been identified. For some of them association with systemic lupus erythematosus has been reported.^[15] No association with occurrence of atherosclerosis has been found.^[16]

References

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