Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study

File:TIMSS 8th grade average Mathematics scores 2019.png

TIMSS 8th grade average Mathematics scores (2019)

File:TIMSS 8th grade average Science scores 2019.png

TIMSS 8th grade average Science scores (2019)

File:TIMSS 4th grade average Mathematics scores 2019.png

TIMSS 4th grade average Mathematics scores (2019)

File:TIMSS 4th grade average Science scores 2019.png

TIMSS 4th grade average Science scores (2019)

The International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA)'s Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) is a series of international assessments of the mathematics and science knowledge of students around the world. The participating students come from a diverse set of educational systems (countries or regional jurisdictions of countries) in terms of economic development, geographical location, and population size. In each of the participating educational systems, a minimum of 4,000 to 5,000 students is evaluated. Contextual data about the conditions in which participating students learn mathematics and science are collected from the students and their teachers, their principals, and their parents via questionnaires.

TIMSS is one of the studies established by IEA aimed at allowing educational systems worldwide to compare students' educational achievement and learn from the experiences of others in designing effective education policy. This assessment was first conducted in 1995, and has been administered every four years thereafter. Therefore, some of the participating educational systems have trend data across assessments from 1995 to 2023. TIMSS assesses 4th and 8th grade students, while TIMSS Advanced assesses students in the final year of secondary school in advanced mathematics and physics.

Definition of terms

"Eighth grade" in the United States is approximately 13–14 years of age and equivalent to:

• Year 9 (Y9) in England and Wales
• 2nd Year (S2) in Scotland
• 2nd Year in the Republic of Ireland
• 1st Year in South Africa
• Form 2 in Hong Kong
• 4ème in France
• Year 9 in New Zealand
• Form 2 in Malaysia

"Fourth grade" in the United States is approximately equivalent to 9–10 years of age and equivalent to:

• Year 5 (Y5) in England and Wales
• Primary 6 (P6) in Scotland
• Group 6 in the Netherlands
• CM1 in France
• Fourth Class in the Republic of Ireland
• Standard 3 or Year 5 in New Zealand

History

A precursor to TIMSS was the First International Mathematics Study (FIMS) performed in 1964 in 11 countries for students aged 13 and in the final year of secondary education (FS) under the auspices of the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA). This was followed in 1970–1971 by the First International Science Study (FISS) for students aged 10, 14, and FS. Fourteen countries tested 10-year-olds; 16 countries tested the older two groups. These were replicated between 1980 and 1984.

These early studies were revised and combined by the IEA to create TIMSS, which was first administered in 1995. It was the largest international student assessment study of its time and evaluated students in five grades. In the second cycle (1999) only eighth-grade students were tested. In the next cycles (2003, 2007, 2011, and 2015) both 4th and 8th grade students were assessed. The 2011 cycle was performed in the same year as the IEA's Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS), offering a comprehensive assessment of mathematics, science and reading for the countries participating in both studies. The sixth cycle was conducted in 2015, and the results were released in 2016; the data set was published in February 2017. TIMSS 2015 included data collected from parents for the first time. TIMSS Advanced, previously conducted in 1995 and 2008, was also conducted in 2015, and assessed final-year secondary students' achievement in advanced mathematics and physics. Policy-relevant data about curriculum emphasis, technology use, and teacher preparation and training accompanies the TIMSS Advanced results.

The seventh cycle of TIMSS was conducted in 2019 and marked the beginning of the transition to a digital assessment format, with the digital assessment administered to half of participating countries, and the paper assessment administered to the remaining half. 64 countries and 8 benchmarking systems participating in TIMSS 2019. Results were released in December 2020.

Method, data and documentation

Along with the overall students' achievement data, TIMSS comprehensive assessments include data on student performance in various mathematics and science domains (algebra, geometry, biology, chemistry, etc.) and on performance in the problem solving challenges in each of these contexts. In addition, TIMSS provides contextual data on crucial curricular, instructional, and resource-related factors that can impact the teaching and learning process. These data are gathered using student, teacher, school, and curriculum (national) questionnaires filled out by students, teachers, school principals and National Research Coordinators, respectively.

According to the TIMSS 2019 Assessment Frameworks, "The TIMSS mathematics and science achievement scales were created with the first TIMSS assessment in 1995, separately for each subject and each grade. The scale units were established so that 100 points on the scale was equivalent to one standard deviation of the distribution of achievement across all of the countries that participated in TIMSS 1995, and the scale midpoint of 500 was located at the mean of this international achievement distribution. The TIMSS achievement scales were first used for reporting TIMSS results with TIMSS 1995, and all results from subsequent TIMSS assessments have been reported on the same scale metrics, making it possible to measure growth or decline in countries' achievement distributions from assessment to assessment."

Because TIMSS is administered in four-year cycles, it enables participating counties to use the results between the fourth and eighth grades to track the changes in achievement and certain background factors from an earlier study. For example, results of the fourth grade in TIMSS 1995 can be compared with the results of the eighth grade in TIMSS 1999, as fourth graders had become eighth graders in the next cycle of study.

The collected information is presented in different formats. For example, for TIMSS 2019 the results are presented as TIMSS 2019 International Results in Mathematics and Science TIMSS 2019 International Results in Mathematics and Science. The TIMSS 2019 Encyclopedia provides an overview of how mathematics and science are taught in each participating country. Methods and Procedures: TIMSS 2019 Technical Report documents the development of the TIMSS assessments and questionnaires, and describes the methods used. The TIMSS 2019 User Guide for the International Database describes the content and format of the data in the TIMSS 2019 International Database

The IEA has developed an application for working with data from TIMSS and other IEA large-scale assessments called the IEA International Database (IDB) Analyzer. This application allows researchers to combine data files and facilitates some types of statistical analysis (such as computing means, percentages, percentiles, correlations, and estimating single level multiple linear regression). The application takes into account the complex sample structure of the databases when calculating the statistics and their standard errors. It also allows researchers to estimate achievement scores and their standard errors.

For an overview of the IEA study results and interpretation of information, see IEA's Data Visualizer.

Cycles

TIMSS 2023

TIMSS 2023 was the eight cycle of TIMSS and reported overall achievement as well as results according to international benchmarks, by major content domains (number, algebra, and geometry in mathematics, and earth science, biology, and chemistry in science) and by cognitive domains (knowing, applying, reasoning). TIMSS 2023 collected detailed information about curriculum and curriculum implementation of participating countries and published this information the TIMSS 2023 Encyclopedia: Education Policy and Curriculum in Mathematics and Science.

TIMSS 2023 results are summarized in TIMSS 2023 International Results in Mathematics and Science.".This detailed report presents achievement and contextual data from participating countries and benchmarking entities. The TIMSS 2023 Encyclopedia: Education Policy and Curriculum in Mathematics and Science describes various features of the education systems in each participating country, including the mathematics and science curriculum, professional development requirements for teachers, and methods of monitoring student progress in mathematics and science. Each country's "chapter" in the encyclopedia was authored by that country's TIMSS representative.

Eighth grade

Mathematics Rank Country Average scale score Change over 4 years 1 Template:Flagcountry 605 2 Template:Flagcountry 602 3 Template:Flagcountry 596 4 Template:Flagcountry 595 5 Template:Flagcountry 575 6 Template:Flagcountry 525 7 Template:Flagcountry 522 8 Template:Flagcountry 518 N/A 9 Template:Flagcountry 517 10 Template:Flagcountry 514 11 Template:Flagcountry 512 N/A 12 Template:Flagcountry 509 13 Template:Flagcountry 509 14 Template:Flagcountry 506 15 Template:Flagcountry 504 16 Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 501 17 Template:Flagcountry 501 International average 500 18 Template:Flagcountry 499 N/A 19 Template:Flagcountry 496 20 Template:Flagcountry 494 21 Template:Flagcountry 489 22 Template:Flagcountry 488 23 Template:Flagcountry 485 24 Template:Flagcountry 487 25 Azerbaijan 479 N/A 26 Template:Flagcountry 479 27 Template:Flagcountry 475 28 Template:Flagcountry 467 29 Template:Flagcountry 454 30 Template:Flagcountry 451 31 Template:Flagcountry 426 32 Template:Flagcountry 423 33 Template:Flagcountry 421 NA 34 Template:Flagcountry 416 35 Template:Flagcountry 411 36 Template:Flagcountry 411 37 Template:Flagcountry 399 38 Template:Flagcountry 397 39 Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 397 40 Template:Flagcountry 388 41 Template:Flagcountry 382 N/A 42 Template:Flagcountry 378 N/A 43 Template:Flagcountry 388 44 Template:Flagcountry 263 N/A Benchmarking participants – Template:Flagicon Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 546 – Template:Flagicon Sharjah (United Arab Emirates) 499 NA – Template:Flagicon Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) 454

Science
Rank	Country	Average scale score	Change over 4 years
1	Template:Flagcountry	606
2	Template:Flagcountry	572
3	Template:Flagcountry	557
4	Template:Flagcountry	545
5	Template:Flagcountry	531
6	Template:Flagcountry	531
7	Template:Flagcountry	530
8	Template:Flagcountry	528
9	Template:Flagcountry	527	NA
10	Template:Flagcountry	525
11	Template:Flagcountry	522
12	Template:Flagcountry	521
13	Template:Flagcountry	520
14	Template:Flagcountry	519
15	Template:Flagcountry	513
16	Template:Flagcountry	512	N/A
17	Template:Flagcountry	506
18	Template:Flagcountry	502
19	Template:Flagcountry	501	N/A
20	Template:Flagcountry	501
International average		500
21	Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn	488
22	Template:Flagcountry	486
23	Template:Flagcountry	486
24	Template:Flagcountry	481
25	Template:Flagcountry	481
26	Template:Flagcountry	466
27	Template:Flagcountry	475
28	Template:Flagcountry	456
29	Template:Flagcountry	455
30	Template:Flagcountry	452
31	Template:Flagcountry	448
32	Template:Flagcountry	443
33	Template:Flagcountry	426
34	Template:Flagcountry	420	N/A
35	Template:Flagcountry	420
36	Template:Flagcountry	419
37	Template:Flagcountry	419
38	Template:Flagcountry	413
39	Azerbaijan	411	N/A
40	Template:Flagcountry	396	N/A
41	Template:Flagcountry	393	N/A
42	Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn	362
43	Template:Flagcountry	327
44	Ivory Coast	186	N/A
Benchmarking participants
–	Template:Flagicon Dubai (United Arab Emirates)	547
–	Template:Flagicon Sharjah (United Arab Emirates)	499
–	Template:Flagicon Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates)	443

Fourth grade

Mathematics Rank Country Average scale score Change over 4 years 1 Template:Flagcountry 615 2 Template:Flagcountry 607 3 Template:Flagcountry 594 N/A 4 Template:Flagcountry 594 5 Template:Flagcountry 591 6 Template:Flagcountry 582 N/A 7 Template:Flagcountry 561 8 Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 553 9 Template:Flagcountry 552 10 Template:Flagcountry 546 11 Template:Flagcountry 546 12 Template:Flagcountry 542 N/A 13 Template:Flagcountry 537 14 Template:Flagcountry 534 15 Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 531 16 Template:Flagcountry 530 17 Template:Flagcountry 530 18 Template:Flagcountry 530 19 Template:Flagcountry 529 20 Template:Flagcountry 525 21 Template:Flagcountry 524 22 Template:Flagcountry 524 23 Template:Flagcountry 523 24 Template:Flagcountry(Flemish) 521 25 Template:Flagcountry 520 26 Template:Flagcountry 517 27 Template:Flagcountry 517 28 Template:Flagcountry 516 29 Template:Flagcountry 515 30 Template:Flagcountry 514 N/A 31 Template:Flagcountry 513 31 Template:Flagcountry 513 33 Template:Flagcountry 512 34 Template:Flagcountry 504 International average 500 34 Template:Flagcountry 498 36 Template:Flagcountry 498 37 Template:Flagcountry 498 38 Template:Flagcountry 494 N/A 39 New Zealand 490 40 Template:Flagcountry(French) 487 N/A 41 Template:Flagcountry 487 42 Template:Flagcountry 484 43 Template:Flagcountry 477 44 Template:Flagcountry 474 45 Template:Flagcountry 464 46 Template:Flagcountry 462 47 Template:Flagcountry 451 48 Template:Flagcountry 447 49 Template:Flagcountry 444 50 Template:Flagcountry 443 N/A 51 Template:Flagcountry 427 N/A 52 Template:Flagcountry 421 53 Template:Flagcountry 420 54 Template:Flagcountry 420 55 Template:Flagcountry 400 N/A 56 Template:Flagcountry 393 57 Template:Flagcountry 382 58 Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 362 Benchmarking participants – Template:Flagicon Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 557 – Template:Flagicon Quebec (Canada) 515 – Template:Flagicon Sharjah (UAE) 504 N/A – Template:Flagicon Ontario (Canada) 503 – Template:Flagicon Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) 459

Science Rank Country Average scale score Change over 4 years 1 Template:Flagcountry 607 2 Template:Flagcountry 583 3 Template:Flagcountry 573 4 Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 570 5 Template:Flagcountry 556 6 Template:Flagcountry 555 7 Template:Flagcountry 550 8 Template:Flagcountry 550 9 Template:Flagcountry 545 10 Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 542 11 Template:Flagcountry 537 12 Template:Flagcountry 536 13 Template:Flagcountry 533 14 Template:Flagcountry 532 15 Template:Flagcountry 532 16 Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 530 17 Template:Flagcountry 530 18 Template:Flagcountry 526 19 Template:Flagcountry 526 20 Template:Flagcountry 526 21 Template:Flagcountry 526 22 Template:Flagcountry 524 22 Template:Flagcountry 522 24 Template:Flagcountry 521 24 Template:Flagcountry 521 26 NZ 517 26 Template:Flagcountry 517 26 Template:Flagcountry 515 29 Template:Flagcountry 511 30 Template:Flagcountry 511 30 Template:Flagcountry 510 32 Template:Flagcountry 504 International average 500 33 Template:Flagcountry 495 34 Template:Flagcountry 491 35 Template:Flagcountry (Flemish) 599 36 Template:Flagcountry 488 37 Template:Flagcountry 487 38 Template:Flagcountry(French) 481 39 Template:Flagcountry 479 40 Template:Flagcountry 475 41 Template:Flagcountry 472 42 Template:Flagcountry 467 43 Template:Flagcountry 465 44 Template:Flagcountry 461 45 Template:Flagcountry 457 46 Template:Flagcountry 448 47 Template:Flagcountry 439 48 Template:Flagcountry 433 49 Template:Flagcountry 432 50 Template:Flagcountry 429 51 Template:Flagcountry 425 52 Template:Flagcountry 422 53 Template:Flagcountry 418 54 Template:Flagcountry 412 55 Template:Flagcountry 403 56 Template:Flagcountry 390 57 Template:Flagcountry 373 58 Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 308 Benchmarking participants – Template:Flagicon Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 562 – Template:Flagicon Ontario (Canada) 525 – Template:Flagicon Quebec (Canada) 508 – Template:Flagicon Sharjah (UAE) 503 – Template:Flagicon Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) 446

TIMSS 2019

TIMSS 2019 marked the transition to a digital assessment format, allowing for new and innovative item types. In the digital assessment, students solved problems by interacting with shapes and patterns, arranging items on the screen, dragging and dropping items, and drawing. The digital version of TIMSS 2019 also introduced Problem Solving and Inquiry tasks that simulated real-world and laboratory situations and called for students to integrate and apply process skills and content knowledge. Half of the participating countries took the paper version of TIMSS and half of the participating countries took the digital version of TIMSS.

Eighth grade

Mathematics Rank Country Average scale score Change over 4 years 1 Template:Flagcountry 616 2 Template:Flagcountry 612 3 Template:Flagcountry 607 4 Template:Flagcountry 594 5 Template:Flagcountry 578 6 Template:Flagcountry 543 7 Template:Flagcountry 524 8 Template:Flagcountry 520 9 Template:Flagcountry 519 10 Template:Flagcountry 517 11 Template:Flagcountry 517 12 Template:Flagcountry 515 12 Template:Flagcountry 515 14 Template:Flagcountry 509 N/A 15 Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 503 15 Template:Flagcountry 503 17 Template:Flagcountry 501 N/A 18 Template:Flagcountry 500 N/A International average 500 19 Template:Flagcountry 497 20 Template:Flagcountry 496 21 Template:Flagcountry 488 22 Template:Flagcountry 483 N/A 23 Template:Flagcountry 482 24 Template:Flagcountry 481 25 Template:Flagcountry 479 N/A 26 Template:Flagcountry 473 27 Template:Flagcountry 461 27 Template:Flagcountry 461 29 Template:Flagcountry 446 30 Template:Flagcountry 443 31 Template:Flagcountry 441 32 Template:Flagcountry 429 33 Template:Flagcountry 420 34 Template:Flagcountry 413 35 Template:Flagcountry 411 36 Template:Flagcountry 403 37 Template:Flagcountry 394 38 Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 389 39 Template:Flagcountry 388 Benchmarking participants – Template:Flagicon Moscow (Russia) 575 N/A – Template:Flagicon Quebec (Canada) 543 – Template:Flagicon Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 537 – Template:Flagicon Ontario (Canada) 530 – Template:Flagicon Western Cape (South Africa)Template:Efn 441 N/A – Template:Flagicon Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) 436 – Template:Flagicon Gauteng (South Africa)Template:Efn 421 N/A

Science Rank Country Average scale score Change over 4 years 1 Template:Flagcountry 608 2 Template:Flagcountry 574 3 Template:Flagcountry 570 4 Template:Flagcountry 561 5 Template:Flagcountry 543 5 Template:Flagcountry 543 N/A 7 Template:Flagcountry 534 8 Template:Flagcountry 530 9 Template:Flagcountry 528 10 Template:Flagcountry 523 11 Template:Flagcountry 522 12 Template:Flagcountry 521 13 Template:Flagcountry 519 N/A 14 Template:Flagcountry 517 15 Template:Flagcountry 515 16 Template:Flagcountry 513 17 Template:Flagcountry 504 18 Template:Flagcountry 500 International average 500 19 Template:Flagcountry 499 20 Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 495 21 Template:Flagcountry 489 N/A 22 Template:Flagcountry 486 23 Template:Flagcountry 484 N/A 24 Template:Flagcountry 478 25 Template:Flagcountry 475 26 Template:Flagcountry 473 27 Template:Flagcountry 470 N/A 28 Template:Flagcountry 462 29 Template:Flagcountry 460 30 Template:Flagcountry 457 31 Template:Flagcountry 452 32 Template:Flagcountry 449 33 Template:Flagcountry 447 34 Template:Flagcountry 444 35 Template:Flagcountry 431 36 Template:Flagcountry 394 37 Template:Flagcountry 389 38 Template:Flagcountry 377 39 Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 370 Benchmarking participants – Template:Flagicon Moscow (Russia) 567 N/A – Template:Flagicon Quebec (Canada) 548 – Template:Flagicon Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 537 – Template:Flagicon Ontario (Canada) 522 – Template:Flagicon Western Cape (South Africa)Template:Efn 439 N/A – Template:Flagicon Gauteng (South Africa)Template:Efn 422 N/A – Template:Flagicon Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) 420

Fourth grade

Mathematics Rank Country Average scale score Change over 4 years 1 Template:Flagcountry 615 2 Template:Flagcountry 607 3 Template:Flagcountry 594 4 Template:Flagcountry 594 5 Template:Flagcountry 591 6 Template:Flagcountry 582 7 Template:Flagcountry 561 8 Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 553 9 Template:Flagcountry 552 10 Template:Flagcountry 546 N/A 11 Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 546 12 Template:Flagcountry 542 13 Template:Flagcountry 537 N/A 14 Template:Flagcountry 534 15 Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 531 16 Template:Flagcountry 530 17 Template:Flagcountry ' 532 17 Template:Flagcountry 530 17 Template:Flagcountry 529 20 Template:Flagcountry 525 20 Template:Flagcountry 524 22 Template:Flagcountry 524 22 Template:Flagcountry 523 N/A 24 Template:Flagcountry"Flanders" 521 24 Template:Flagcountry 521 26 Template:Flagcountry 520 27 Template:Flagcountry 516 28 Template:Flagcountry 515 N/A 28 Template:Flagcountry 515 28 Template:Flagcountry 515 31 Template:Flagcountry 512 31 Template:Flagcountry 512 33 Template:Flagcountry 510 34 Template:Flagcountry 509 34 Template:Flagcountry 509 N/A 36 Template:Flagcountry 508 37 Template:Flagcountry 502 International average 500 38 Template:Flagcountry 498 N/A 39 Template:Flagcountry 494 N/A 40 Template:Flagcountry 487 41 Template:Flagcountry 485 42 Template:Flagcountry 482 43 Template:Flagcountry 481 44 Template:Flagcountry 480 45 Template:Flagcountry 472 N/A 46 Template:Flagcountry 453 N/A 47 Template:Flagcountry 452 N/A 48 Template:Flagcountry 449 49 Template:Flagcountry 444 N/A 50 Template:Flagcountry 443 51 Template:Flagcountry 441 52 Template:Flagcountry 431 53 Template:Flagcountry 398 54 Template:Flagcountry 383 54 Template:Flagcountry 383 56 Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 374 57 Template:Flagcountry 328 N/A 58 Template:Flagcountry 297 N/A Benchmarking participants – Template:Flagicon Moscow (Russia) 593 N/A – Template:Flagicon Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 544 – Template:Flagicon Quebec (Canada) 532 – Template:Flagicon Madrid (Spain) 518 N/A – Template:Flagicon Ontario (Canada) 512 – Template:Flagicon Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) 441

Science Rank Country Average scale score Change over 4 years 1 Template:Flagcountry 595 2 Template:Flagcountry 588 3 Template:Flagcountry 567 4 Template:Flagcountry 562 5 Template:Flagcountry 558 6 Template:Flagcountry 555 7 Template:Flagcountry 542 N/A 8 Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 539 8 Template:Flagcountry 539 10 Template:Flagcountry 538 11 Template:Flagcountry 537 11 Template:Flagcountry 537 13 Template:Flagcountry 534 14 Template:Flagcountry 533 15 Template:Flagcountry 531 15 Template:Flagcountry 531 17 Template:Flagcountry 529 18 Template:Flagcountry 528 19 Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 526 N/A 20 Template:Flagcountry 524 21 Template:Flagcountry 523 22 Template:Flagcountry 522 22 Template:Flagcountry 522 N/A 24 Template:Flagcountry 521 24 Template:Flagcountry 521 26 Northern Ireland 518 26 Template:Flagcountry 518 26 Template:Flagcountry 518 29 Template:Flagcountry 517 30 Template:Flagcountry 511 30 Template:Flagcountry 511 32 Template:Flagcountry 510 33 Template:Flagcountry 504 34 Template:Flagcountry 503 35 Template:Flagcountry (Flemish) 501 International average 500 36 Template:Flagcountry 496 N/A 37 Template:Flagcountry 494 38 Template:Flagcountry 493 39 Template:Flagcountry 489 N/A 40 Template:Flagcountry 488 41 Template:Flagcountry 473 42 Template:Flagcountry 469 43 Template:Flagcountry 466 N/A 44 Template:Flagcountry 459 N/A 45 Template:Flagcountry 454 46 Template:Flagcountry 453 N/A 47 Template:Flagcountry 449 48 Template:Flagcountry 441 49 Template:Flagcountry 435 50 Template:Flagcountry 427 N/A 51 Template:Flagcountry 426 N/A 52 Template:Flagcountry 413 N/A 53 Template:Flagcountry 402 54 Template:Flagcountry 392 54 Template:Flagcountry 374 56 Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 324 N/A 57 Template:Flagcountry 290 N/A 58 Template:Flagcountry 249 N/A Benchmarking participants – Template:Flagicon Moscow (Russia) 595 N/A – Template:Flagicon Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 545 – Template:Flagicon Ontario (Canada) 524 – Template:Flagicon Madrid (Spain) 523 N/A – Template:Flagicon Quebec (Canada) 522 – Template:Flagicon Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) 418

TIMSS 2015

In TIMSS 2015, nationally representative samples of students in 57 countries and 7 benchmarking entities participated in the fourth grade assessment, the eighth grade assessment, or both.

Eighth grade

Mathematics Rank Country Average scale score Change over 4 years 1 Template:Flagcountry 621 2 Template:Flagcountry 606 3 Template:Flagcountry 599 4 Template:Flagcountry 594 5 Template:Flagcountry 586 6 Template:Flagcountry 538 7 Template:Flagcountry 528 8 Template:Flagcountry 527 N/A 9 Template:Flagcountry 523 N/A 10 Template:Flagcountry 518 10 Template:Flagcountry 518 12 Template:Flagcountry 516 13 Template:Flagcountry 514 14 Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 512 N/A 15 Template:Flagcountry 511 15 Template:Flagcountry 511 17 Template:Flagcountry 505 18 Template:Flagcountry 501 International average 500 19 Template:Flagcountry 494 19 Template:Flagcountry 494 N/A 21 Template:Flagcountry 493 22 Template:Flagcountry 465 23 Template:Flagcountry 465 24 Template:Flagcountry 458 25 Template:Flagcountry 454 26 Template:Flagcountry 453 27 Template:Flagcountry 442 28 Template:Flagcountry 437 29 Template:Flagcountry 436 30 Template:Flagcountry 431 31 Template:Flagcountry 427 32 Template:Flagcountry 403 33 Template:Flagcountry 392 N/A 33 Template:Flagcountry 392 N/A 35 Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 391 36 Template:Flagcountry 386 37 Template:Flagcountry 384 38 Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 372 39 Template:Flagcountry 368 Benchmarking participants – Template:Flagicon Quebec (Canada) 543 – Template:Flagicon Ontario (Canada) 522 – Template:Flagicon Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 512 – Template:Flagicon Florida (United States) 493 – Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 487 – Template:Flagicon Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) 442 – Template:Flagicon Buenos Aires (Argentina) 396 N/A

Science Rank Country Average scale score Change over 4 years 1 Template:Flagcountry 597 2 Template:Flagcountry 571 3 Template:Flagcountry 569 4 Template:Flagcountry 556 5 Template:Flagcountry 551 6 Template:Flagcountry 546 7 Template:Flagcountry 544 8 Template:Flagcountry 537 9 Template:Flagcountry 533 10 Template:Flagcountry 530 N/A 10 Template:Flagcountry 530 12 Template:Flagcountry 527 13 Template:Flagcountry 526 N/A 14 Template:Flagcountry 522 15 Template:Flagcountry 519 16 Template:Flagcountry 513 17 Template:Flagcountry 512 18 Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 509 N/A 19 Template:Flagcountry 507 International average 500 20 Template:Flagcountry 499 21 Template:Flagcountry 493 22 Template:Flagcountry 481 N/A 23 Template:Flagcountry 477 24 Template:Flagcountry 471 25 Template:Flagcountry 466 26 Template:Flagcountry 457 27 Template:Flagcountry 456 27 Template:Flagcountry 456 29 Template:Flagcountry 455 30 Template:Flagcountry 454 31 Template:Flagcountry 443 32 Template:Flagcountry 426 33 Template:Flagcountry 411 N/A 34 Template:Flagcountry 398 35 Template:Flagcountry 396 36 Template:Flagcountry 393 37 Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 392 38 Template:Flagcountry 371 N/A 39 Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 358 Benchmarking participants – Template:Flagicon Quebec (Canada) 530 – Template:Flagicon Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 525 – Template:Flagicon Ontario (Canada) 524 – Template:Flagicon Florida (United States) 508 – Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 489 – Template:Flagicon Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) 454 – Template:Flagicon Buenos Aires (Argentina) 386 N/A

Fourth grade

Mathematics Rank Country Average scale score Change over 4 years 1 Template:Flagcountry 618 2 Template:Flagcountry 615 3 Template:Flagcountry 608 4 Template:Flagcountry 597 5 Template:Flagcountry 593 6 Northern Ireland 570 7 Template:Flagcountry 564 8 Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 549 N/A 9 Template:Flagcountry 547 10 Template:Flagcountry 546 10 Template:Flagcountry (Flemish) 546 12 Template:Flagcountry 544 13 Template:Flagcountry 541 14 Template:Flagcountry 539 14 Template:Flagcountry 539 16 Template:Flagcountry 535 16 Template:Flagcountry 535 16 Template:Flagcountry 535 19 Template:Flagcountry 530 20 Template:Flagcountry 529 21 Template:Flagcountry 528 22 Template:Flagcountry 524 N/A 23 Template:Flagcountry 523 N/A 24 Template:Flagcountry 522 25 Template:Flagcountry 520 26 Template:Flagcountry 519 27 Template:Flagcountry 518 28 Template:Flagcountry 517 29 Template:Flagcountry 511 N/A 30 Template:Flagcountry 507 31 Template:Flagcountry 505 32 Template:Flagcountry 502 International average 500 33 Template:Flagcountry 498 34 Template:Flagcountry 491 35 Template:Flagcountry 488 N/A 36 Template:Flagcountry 483 37 Template:Flagcountry 463 38 Template:Flagcountry 459 39 Template:Flagcountry 452 40 Template:Flagcountry 451 41 Template:Flagcountry 439 42 Template:Flagcountry 431 43 Template:Flagcountry 425 44 Template:Flagcountry 397 N/A 45 Template:Flagcountry 388 N/A 46 Template:Flagcountry 383 47 Template:Flagcountry 377 48 Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 376 N/A 49 Template:Flagcountry 353 Benchmarking participants – Template:Flagicon Florida (United States) 546 – Template:Flagicon Quebec (Canada) 536 – Template:Flagicon Ontario (Canada) 512 – Template:Flagicon Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 511 – Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 493 – Template:Flagicon Buenos Aires (Argentina) 432 N/A – Template:Flagicon Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) 419

Science Rank Country Average scale score Change over 4 years 1 Template:Flagcountry 590 2 Template:Flagcountry 589 3 Template:Flagcountry 569 4 Template:Flagcountry 567 5 Template:Flagcountry 557 6 Template:Flagcountry 555 7 Template:Flagcountry 554 8 Template:Flagcountry 550 9 Template:Flagcountry 547 10 Template:Flagcountry 546 11 Template:Flagcountry 543 12 Template:Flagcountry 542 13 Template:Flagcountry 540 14 Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 538 N/A 15 Template:Flagcountry 536 15 Template:Flagcountry 536 N/A 17 Template:Flagcountry 534 18 Template:Flagcountry 533 19 Template:Flagcountry 529 20 Template:Flagcountry 528 20 Template:Flagcountry 528 22 Template:Flagcountry 527 23 Template:Flagcountry 525 N/A 23 Template:Flagcountry 525 25 Template:Flagcountry 524 26 Template:Flagcountry 520 26 Northern Ireland 520 28 Template:Flagcountry 518 29 Template:Flagcountry 517 30 Template:Flagcountry 516 31 Template:Flagcountry (Flemish) 512 32 Template:Flagcountry 508 33 Template:Flagcountry 506 International average 500 34 Template:Flagcountry 487 N/A 35 Template:Flagcountry 483 36 Template:Flagcountry 481 N/A 37 Template:Flagcountry 478 38 Template:Flagcountry 459 39 Template:Flagcountry 451 39 Template:Flagcountry 451 41 Template:Flagcountry 436 42 Template:Flagcountry 431 43 Template:Flagcountry 421 44 Template:Flagcountry 397 N/A 45 Template:Flagcountry 390 46 Template:Flagcountry 357 47 Template:Flagcountry 337 Benchmarking participants – Template:Flagicon Florida (United States) 549 – Template:Flagicon Ontario (Canada) 530 – Template:Flagicon Quebec (Canada) 525 – Template:Flagicon Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 518 – Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 493 – Template:Flagicon Buenos Aires (Argentina) 418 N/A – Template:Flagicon Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) 415

TIMSS 2011

TIMSS 2011 had 52 participating educational systems for the fourth grade and 45 for the eighth grade.

Eighth grade

Mathematics Rank Country Average scale score Change over 4 years 1 Template:Flagcountry 613 2 Template:Flagcountry 611 3 Template:Flagcountry 609 4 Template:Flagcountry 586 5 Template:Flagcountry 570 6 Template:Flagcountry 539 7 Template:Flagcountry 516 8 Template:Flagcountry 514 N/A 9 Template:Flagcountry 509 10 Template:Flagcountry 507 11 Template:Flagcountry 505 11 Template:Flagcountry 505 11 Template:Flagcountry 505 14 Template:Flagcountry 502 International average 500 15 Template:Flagcountry 498 16 Template:Flagcountry 488 N/A 17 Template:Flagcountry 487 N/A 18 Template:Flagcountry 484 19 Template:Flagcountry 479 20 Template:Flagcountry 475 21 Template:Flagcountry 467 22 Template:Flagcountry 458 23 Template:Flagcountry 456 N/A 24 Template:Flagcountry 452 25 Template:Flagcountry 449 26 Template:Flagcountry 440 27 Template:Flagcountry 431 28 Template:Flagcountry 427 29 Template:Flagcountry 426 N/A 30 Template:Flagcountry 425 31 Template:Flagcountry 416 N/A 32 Template:Flagcountry 415 33 Template:Flagcountry 410 34 Template:Flagcountry 409 N/A 35 Template:Flagcountry 406 36 Template:Flagcountry 404 37 Template:Flagcountry 394 38 Template:Flagcountry 386 39 Template:Flagcountry 380 40 Template:Flagcountry 371 41 Template:Flagcountry 366 42 Template:Flagcountry 331 Ninth grade participants – Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 397 N/A – Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 352 N/A – Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 338 N/A Benchmarking participants – Template:Flagicon Massachusetts (United States) 561 – Template:Flagicon Minnesota (United States) 545 – Template:Flagicon North Carolina (United States) 537 N/A – Template:Flagicon Quebec (Canada) 532 – Template:Flagicon Indiana (United States) 522 N/A – Template:Flagicon Colorado (United States) 518 N/A – Template:Flagicon Connecticut (United States) 518 N/A – Template:Flagicon Florida (United States) 513 N/A – Template:Flagicon Ontario (Canada) 512 – Template:Flagicon Alberta (Canada) 505 N/A – Template:Flagicon California (United States) 493 N/A – Template:Flagicon Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 478 – Template:Flagicon Alabama (United States) 466 N/A – Template:Flagicon Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) 449 N/A

Science Rank Country Average scale score Change over 4 years 1 Template:Flagcountry 590 2 Template:Flagcountry 564 3 Template:Flagcountry 560 4 Template:Flagcountry 558 5 Template:Flagcountry 552 N/A 6 Template:Flagcountry 543 7 Template:Flagcountry 542 8 Template:Flagcountry 535 9 Template:Flagcountry 533 10 Template:Flagcountry 525 11 Template:Flagcountry 522 12 Template:Flagcountry 519 13 Template:Flagcountry 516 14 Template:Flagcountry 514 15 Template:Flagcountry 512 N/A 16 Template:Flagcountry 509 17 Template:Flagcountry 501 17 Template:Flagcountry 501 International average 500 19 Template:Flagcountry 494 20 Template:Flagcountry 490 N/A 21 Template:Flagcountry 483 22 Template:Flagcountry 474 23 Template:Flagcountry 465 23 Template:Flagcountry 465 N/A 25 Template:Flagcountry 461 N/A 26 Template:Flagcountry 452 N/A 27 Template:Flagcountry 451 28 Template:Flagcountry 449 29 Template:Flagcountry 439 30 Template:Flagcountry 437 31 Template:Flagcountry 436 32 Template:Flagcountry 426 32 Template:Flagcountry 426 34 Template:Flagcountry 420 34 Template:Flagcountry 420 34 Template:Flagcountry 420 37 Template:Flagcountry 419 38 Template:Flagcountry 407 N/A 39 Template:Flagcountry 406 39 Template:Flagcountry 406 41 Template:Flagcountry 376 42 Template:Flagcountry 306 Ninth grade participants – Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 404 N/A – Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 369 N/A – Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 332 N/A Benchmarking participants – Template:Flagicon Massachusetts (United States) 567 – Template:Flagicon Minnesota (United States) 553 – Template:Flagicon Alberta (Canada) 546 N/A – Template:Flagicon Colorado (United States) 542 N/A – Template:Flagicon Indiana (United States) 533 N/A – Template:Flagicon Connecticut (United States) 532 N/A – Template:Flagicon North Carolina (United States) 532 N/A – Template:Flagicon Florida (United States) 530 N/A – Template:Flagicon Ontario (Canada) 521 – Template:Flagicon Quebec (Canada) 520 – Template:Flagicon California (United States) 499 N/A – Template:Flagicon Alabama (United States) 485 N/A – Template:Flagicon Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 485 – Template:Flagicon Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) 461 N/A

Fourth grade

Mathematics Rank Country Average scale score Change over 4 years 1 Template:Flagcountry 606 2 Template:Flagcountry 605 N/A 3 Template:Flagcountry 602 4 Template:Flagcountry 591 5 Template:Flagcountry 585 6 Northern Ireland 562 N/A 7 Template:Flagcountry (Flemish) 549 N/A 8 Template:Flagcountry 545 N/A 9 Template:Flagcountry 542 9 Template:Flagcountry 542 11 Template:Flagcountry 541 12 Template:Flagcountry 540 13 Template:Flagcountry 537 14 Template:Flagcountry 534 15 Template:Flagcountry 532 N/A 16 Template:Flagcountry 528 17 Template:Flagcountry 527 N/A 18 Template:Flagcountry 516 N/A 18 Template:Flagcountry 516 20 Template:Flagcountry 515 21 Template:Flagcountry 513 22 Template:Flagcountry 511 23 Template:Flagcountry 508 23 Template:Flagcountry 508 25 Template:Flagcountry 507 26 Template:Flagcountry 504 27 Template:Flagcountry 501 International average 500 28 Template:Flagcountry 496 N/A 29 Template:Flagcountry 495 30 Template:Flagcountry 490 N/A 31 Template:Flagcountry 486 32 Template:Flagcountry 482 N/A 32 Template:Flagcountry 482 N/A 34 Template:Flagcountry 481 N/A 35 Template:Flagcountry 469 N/A 36 Template:Flagcountry 463 N/A 37 Template:Flagcountry 462 N/A 38 Template:Flagcountry 458 N/A 39 Template:Flagcountry 452 40 Template:Flagcountry 450 41 Template:Flagcountry 436 N/A 42 Template:Flagcountry 434 N/A 43 Template:Flagcountry 431 44 Template:Flagcountry 413 45 Template:Flagcountry 410 N/A 46 Template:Flagcountry 385 N/A 47 Template:Flagcountry 359 48 Template:Flagcountry 342 49 Template:Flagcountry 335 50 Template:Flagcountry 248 Sixth grade participants – Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 419 N/A – Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 396 N/A – Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 348 N/A Benchmarking participants – Template:Flagicon North Carolina (United States) 554 N/A – Template:Flagicon Florida (United States) 545 N/A – Template:Flagicon Quebec (Canada) 533 – Template:Flagicon Ontario (Canada) 518 – Template:Flagicon Alberta (Canada) 507 – Template:Flagicon Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 468 – Template:Flagicon Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) 417 N/A

Science Rank Country Average scale score Change over 4 years 1 Template:Flagcountry 587 N/A 2 Template:Flagcountry 583 3 Template:Flagcountry 570 N/A 4 Template:Flagcountry 559 5 Template:Flagcountry 552 5 Template:Flagcountry 552 7 Template:Flagcountry 544 8 Template:Flagcountry 536 9 Template:Flagcountry 535 10 Template:Flagcountry 534 11 Template:Flagcountry 533 12 Template:Flagcountry 532 12 Template:Flagcountry 532 14 Template:Flagcountry 531 15 Template:Flagcountry 529 16 Template:Flagcountry 528 16 Template:Flagcountry 528 18 Template:Flagcountry 524 19 Template:Flagcountry 522 N/A 20 Template:Flagcountry 520 21 Northern Ireland 517 N/A 22 Template:Flagcountry 516 N/A 22 Template:Flagcountry 516 N/A 22 Template:Flagcountry 516 22 Template:Flagcountry 516 N/A 26 Template:Flagcountry 515 27 Template:Flagcountry (Flemish) 509 N/A 28 Template:Flagcountry 505 N/A 28 Template:Flagcountry 505 N/A 28 Template:Flagcountry 505 N/A International average 500 31 Template:Flagcountry 497 32 Template:Flagcountry 495 33 Template:Flagcountry 494 34 Template:Flagcountry 480 N/A 35 Template:Flagcountry 472 N/A 36 Template:Flagcountry 463 N/A 37 Template:Flagcountry 455 38 Template:Flagcountry 453 39 Template:Flagcountry 449 N/A 40 Template:Flagcountry 446 N/A 41 Template:Flagcountry 438 N/A 42 Template:Flagcountry 429 N/A 43 Template:Flagcountry 428 N/A 44 Template:Flagcountry 416 45 Template:Flagcountry 394 46 Template:Flagcountry 377 N/A 47 Template:Flagcountry 347 48 Template:Flagcountry 346 49 Template:Flagcountry 264 50 Template:Flagcountry 209 Sixth grade participants – Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 432 N/A – Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 367 N/A – Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 345 N/A Benchmarking participants – Template:Flagicon Florida (United States) 545 N/A – Template:Flagicon Alberta (Canada) 541 – Template:Flagicon North Carolina (United States) 538 N/A – Template:Flagicon Ontario (Canada) 528 – Template:Flagicon Quebec (Canada) 516 – Template:Flagicon Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 461 – Template:Flagicon Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) 411 N/A

TIMSS 2007

In TIMSS 2007, 43 educational systems participated in the fourth grade and 56 educational systems in the eighth grade.

Eighth grade

Mathematics Rank Country Average scale score Change over 4 years 1 Template:Flagcountry 598 2 Template:Flagcountry 597 3 Template:Flagcountry 593 4 Template:Flagcountry 572 5 Template:Flagcountry 570 6 Template:Flagcountry 517 7 Template:Flagcountry 513 N/A 8 Template:Flagcountry 512 9 Template:Flagcountry 508 10 Template:Flagcountry 506 11 Template:Flagcountry 504 N/A 12 Template:Flagcountry 501 International average 500 13 Template:Flagcountry 499 14 Template:Flagcountry 496 15 Template:Flagcountry 491 16 Template:Flagcountry 488 N/A 17 Template:Flagcountry 487 18 Template:Flagcountry 486 19 Template:Flagcountry 480 20 Template:Flagcountry 474 21 Template:Flagcountry 469 22 Template:Flagcountry 465 23 Template:Flagcountry 464 24 Template:Flagcountry 463 25 Template:Flagcountry 462 N/A 26 Template:Flagcountry 461 27 Template:Flagcountry 456 N/A 28 Template:Flagcountry 449 29 Template:Flagcountry 441 N/A 30 Template:Flagcountry 432 N/A 31 Template:Flagcountry 427 32 Template:Flagcountry 420 33 Template:Flagcountry 410 N/A 34 Template:Flagcountry 403 35 Template:Flagcountry 398 36 Template:Flagcountry 397 37 Template:Flagcountry 395 N/A 38 Template:Flagcountry 391 N/A 39 Template:Flagcountry 387 N/A 40 Template:Flagcountry 381 41 Template:Flagcountry 380 N/A 42 Template:Flagcountry 372 N/A 43 Template:Flagcountry 367 44 Template:Flagcountry 364 45 Template:Flagcountry 354 N/A 46 Template:Flagcountry 340 N/A 47 Template:Flagcountry 329 48 Template:Flagcountry 309 49 Template:Flagcountry 307 N/A Benchmarking participants – Template:Flagicon Massachusetts (United States) 547 N/A – Template:Flagicon Minnesota (United States) 532 N/A – Template:Flagicon Quebec (Canada) 528 – Template:Flagicon Ontario (Canada) 517 – Template:Flagicon British Columbia (Canada) 509 N/A – Template:Flagicon Basque Country (Spain) 499 – Template:Flagicon Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 461 N/A

Science Rank Country Average scale score Change over 4 years 1 Template:Flagcountry 567 2 Template:Flagcountry 561 3 Template:Flagcountry 554 4 Template:Flagcountry 553 5 Template:Flagcountry 542 N/A 6 Template:Flagcountry 539 6 Template:Flagcountry 539 N/A 8 Template:Flagcountry 538 9 Template:Flagcountry 530 9 Template:Flagcountry 530 11 Template:Flagcountry 520 12 Template:Flagcountry 519 13 Template:Flagcountry 515 14 Template:Flagcountry 511 International average 500 15 Template:Flagcountry 496 16 Template:Flagcountry 495 17 Template:Flagcountry 488 18 Template:Flagcountry 487 19 Template:Flagcountry 485 N/A 20 Template:Flagcountry 482 21 Template:Flagcountry 471 21 Template:Flagcountry 471 N/A 23 Template:Flagcountry 470 23 Template:Flagcountry 470 25 Template:Flagcountry 468 26 Template:Flagcountry 467 27 Template:Flagcountry 466 N/A 28 Template:Flagcountry 462 29 Template:Flagcountry 459 30 Template:Flagcountry 457 N/A 31 Template:Flagcountry 454 N/A 32 Template:Flagcountry 452 N/A 32 Template:Flagcountry 452 34 Template:Flagcountry 445 35 Template:Flagcountry 427 36 Template:Flagcountry 423 N/A 37 Template:Flagcountry 421 N/A 38 Template:Flagcountry 418 N/A 39 Template:Flagcountry 417 N/A 40 Template:Flagcountry 414 41 Template:Flagcountry 408 N/A 41 Template:Flagcountry 408 N/A 43 Template:Flagcountry 404 44 Template:Flagcountry 403 45 Template:Flagcountry 402 46 Template:Flagcountry 387 N/A 47 Template:Flagcountry 355 48 Template:Flagcountry 319 N/A 49 Template:Flagcountry 303 Benchmarking participants – Template:Flagicon Massachusetts (United States) 556 N/A – Template:Flagicon Minnesota (United States) 539 N/A – Template:Flagicon Quebec (Canada) 526 – Template:Flagicon Ontario (Canada) 526 – Template:Flagicon British Columbia (Canada) 507 N/A – Template:Flagicon Basque Country (Spain) 498 – Template:Flagicon Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 489 N/A

Fourth grade

Mathematics Rank Country Average scale score Change over 4 years 1 Template:Flagcountry 607 2 Template:Flagcountry 599 3 Template:Flagcountry 576 4 Template:Flagcountry 568 5 Template:Flagcountry 549 N/A 6 Template:Flagcountry 544 7 Template:Flagcountry 541 8 Template:Flagcountry 537 9 Template:Flagcountry 535 10 Template:Flagcountry 530 11 Template:Flagcountry 529 12 Template:Flagcountry 525 N/A 13 Template:Flagcountry 523 N/A 14 Template:Flagcountry 516 15 Template:Flagcountry 510 16 Template:Flagcountry 507 17 Template:Flagcountry 505 N/A 18 Template:Flagcountry 503 N/A 19 Template:Flagcountry 502 International average 500 20 Template:Flagcountry 500 21 Template:Flagcountry 496 N/A 22 Template:Flagcountry 494 23 Template:Flagcountry 492 24 Template:Flagcountry 486 N/A 25 Template:Flagcountry 473 26 Template:Flagcountry 469 N/A 27 Template:Flagcountry 438 N/A 28 Template:Flagcountry 402 29 Template:Flagcountry 378 N/A 30 Template:Flagcountry 355 N/A 31 Template:Flagcountry 341 32 Template:Flagcountry 330 N/A 33 Template:Flagcountry 327 34 Template:Flagcountry 316 N/A 35 Template:Flagcountry 296 N/A 36 Template:Flagcountry 224 N/A Benchmarking participants – Template:Flagicon Massachusetts (United States) 572 N/A – Template:Flagicon Minnesota (United States) 554 N/A – Template:Flagicon Quebec (Canada) 519 – Template:Flagicon Ontario (Canada) 512 – Template:Flagicon Alberta (Canada) 505 N/A – Template:Flagicon British Columbia (Canada) 505 N/A – Template:Flagicon Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 444 N/A

Science Rank Country Average scale score Change over 4 years 1 Template:Flagcountry 587 2 Template:Flagcountry 557 3 Template:Flagcountry 554 4 Template:Flagcountry 548 5 Template:Flagcountry 546 6 Template:Flagcountry 542 6 Template:Flagcountry 542 8 Template:Flagcountry 539 9 Template:Flagcountry 536 10 Template:Flagcountry 535 11 Template:Flagcountry 533 N/A 12 Template:Flagcountry 528 N/A 13 Template:Flagcountry 527 14 Template:Flagcountry 526 N/A 14 Template:Flagcountry 526 N/A 16 Template:Flagcountry 525 N/A 17 Template:Flagcountry 523 18 Template:Flagcountry 518 19 Template:Flagcountry 517 N/A 20 Template:Flagcountry 515 N/A 21 Template:Flagcountry 514 22 Template:Flagcountry 504 23 Template:Flagcountry 500 International average 500 24 Template:Flagcountry 484 25 Template:Flagcountry 477 26 Template:Flagcountry 474 N/A 27 Template:Flagcountry 436 28 Template:Flagcountry 418 N/A 29 Template:Flagcountry 400 N/A 30 Template:Flagcountry 390 N/A 31 Template:Flagcountry 354 N/A 32 Template:Flagcountry 348 N/A 33 Template:Flagcountry 318 34 Template:Flagcountry 297 35 Template:Flagcountry 294 N/A 36 Template:Flagcountry 197 N/A Benchmarking participants – Template:Flagicon Massachusetts (United States) 571 N/A – Template:Flagicon Minnesota (United States) 551 N/A – Template:Flagicon Alberta (Canada) 543 N/A – Template:Flagicon British Columbia (Canada) 537 N/A – Template:Flagicon Ontario (Canada) 536 – Template:Flagicon Quebec (Canada) 517 – Template:Flagicon Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 460 N/A

TIMSS 2003

In TIMSS 2003, there were 26 educational systems for the fourth grade and 48 for the eighth grade.

Eighth grade

Mathematics Rank Country Average scale score Change over 4 years 1 Template:Flagcountry 605 2 Template:Flagcountry 589 3 Template:Flagcountry 586 4 Template:Flagcountry 585 5 Template:Flagcountry 570 6 Template:Flagcountry (Flemish) 537 7 Template:Flagcountry 536 8 Template:Flagcountry 531 N/A 9 Template:Flagcountry 529 10 Template:Flagcountry 508 10 Template:Flagcountry 508 N/A 10 Template:Flagcountry 508 10 Template:Flagcountry 508 14 Template:Flagcountry 505 15 Template:Flagcountry 504 16 Template:Flagcountry 502 17 Template:Flagcountry 499 N/A 18 Template:Flagcountry 498 N/A 19 Template:Flagcountry 496 20 Template:Flagcountry 494 21 Template:Flagcountry 493 22 Template:Flagcountry 484 23 Template:Flagcountry 478 N/A 24 Template:Flagcountry 477 N/A 25 Template:Flagcountry 476 26 Template:Flagcountry 475 International average 467 27 Template:Flagcountry 461 N/A 28 Template:Flagcountry 460 29 Template:Flagcountry 459 30 Template:Flagcountry 435 31 Template:Flagcountry 433 N/A 32 Template:Flagcountry 424 33 Template:Flagcountry 411 33 Template:Flagcountry 411 35 Template:Flagcountry 410 36 Template:Flagcountry 406 N/A 37 Template:Flagcountry 401 N/A 38 Template:Flagcountry 390 N/A 39 Template:Flagcountry 387 39 Template:Flagcountry 387 41 Template:Flagcountry 376 42 Template:Flagcountry 366 N/A 43 Template:Flagcountry 332 N/A 44 Template:Flagcountry 276 N/A 45 Template:Flagcountry 264 Ninth grade participants – Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 498 N/A Benchmarking participants – Template:Flagicon Quebec (Canada) 543 N/A – Template:Flagicon Ontario (Canada) 521 N/A – Template:Flagicon Indiana (United States) 508 N/A – Template:Flagicon Basque Country (Spain) 487 N/A

Science Rank Country Average scale score Change over 4 years 1 Template:Flagcountry 578 2 Template:Flagcountry 571 3 Template:Flagcountry 558 4 Template:Flagcountry 556 5 Template:Flagcountry 552 N/A 5 Template:Flagcountry 552 7 Template:Flagcountry 543 8 Template:Flagcountry 536 9 Template:Flagcountry 527 9 Template:Flagcountry 527 11 Template:Flagcountry 524 N/A 12 Template:Flagcountry 520 12 Template:Flagcountry 520 14 Template:Flagcountry 519 15 Template:Flagcountry 517 16 Template:Flagcountry (Flemish) 516 17 Template:Flagcountry 514 18 Template:Flagcountry 512 N/A 18 Template:Flagcountry 512 N/A 20 Template:Flagcountry 510 21 Template:Flagcountry 494 N/A 22 Template:Flagcountry 491 23 Template:Flagcountry 488 24 Template:Flagcountry 479 25 Template:Flagcountry 475 International average 474 26 Template:Flagcountry 472 27 Template:Flagcountry 470 28 Template:Flagcountry 468 N/A 29 Template:Flagcountry 461 N/A 30 Template:Flagcountry 453 31 Template:Flagcountry 449 32 Template:Flagcountry 441 33 Template:Flagcountry 438 N/A 34 Template:Flagcountry 435 N/A 35 Template:Flagcountry 421 N/A 36 Template:Flagcountry 420 37 Template:Flagcountry 413 38 Template:Flagcountry 404 39 Template:Flagcountry 398 N/A 40 Template:Flagcountry 396 41 Template:Flagcountry 393 N/A 42 Template:Flagcountry 377 43 Template:Flagcountry 365 N/A 44 Template:Flagcountry 255 N/A 45 Template:Flagcountry 244 Ninth grade participants – Template:FlagcountryTemplate:Efn 544 N/A Benchmarking participants – Template:Flagicon Ontario (Canada) 533 N/A – Template:Flagicon Indiana (United States) 531 N/A – Template:Flagicon Quebec (Canada) 531 N/A – Template:Flagicon Basque Country (Spain) 489 N/A

Fourth grade

Mathematics Rank Country Average scale score Change over 8 years 1 Template:Flagcountry 594 2 Template:Flagcountry 575 3 Template:Flagcountry 565 4 Template:Flagcountry 564 N/A 5 Template:Flagcountry (Flemish) 551 N/A 6 Template:Flagcountry 540 7 Template:Flagcountry 536 N/A 8 Template:Flagcountry 534 N/A 9 Template:Flagcountry 532 N/A 10 Template:Flagcountry 531 11 Template:Flagcountry 529 12 Template:Flagcountry 518 13 Template:Flagcountry 510 14 Template:Flagcountry 504 N/A 15 Template:Flagcountry 503 N/A 16 Template:Flagcountry 499 International average 495 17 Template:Flagcountry 493 18 Template:Flagcountry 490 19 Template:Flagcountry 479 20 Template:Flagcountry 456 N/A 21 Template:Flagcountry 451 22 Template:Flagcountry 389 23 Template:Flagcountry 358 N/A 24 Template:Flagcountry 347 N/A 25 Template:Flagcountry 339 N/A Benchmarking participants – Template:Flagicon Indiana (United States) 533 N/A – Template:Flagicon Ontario (Canada) 511 N/A – Template:Flagicon Quebec (Canada) 506 N/A

Science Rank Country Average scale score Change over 8 years 1 Template:Flagcountry 565 2 Template:Flagcountry 551 N/A 3 Template:Flagcountry 543 4 Template:Flagcountry 542 5 Template:Flagcountry 540 6 Template:Flagcountry 536 7 Template:Flagcountry 532 N/A 8 Template:Flagcountry 530 9 Template:Flagcountry 526 N/A 10 Template:Flagcountry 525 11 Template:Flagcountry 521 12 Template:Flagcountry 520 13 Template:Flagcountry (Flemish) 518 N/A 14 Template:Flagcountry 516 N/A 15 Template:Flagcountry 512 N/A 16 Template:Flagcountry 502 17 Template:Flagcountry 496 N/A 18 Template:Flagcountry 490 International average 489 19 Template:Flagcountry 480 20 Template:Flagcountry 466 21 Template:Flagcountry 437 N/A 22 Template:Flagcountry 414 23 Template:Flagcountry 332 N/A 24 Template:Flagcountry 314 N/A 25 Template:Flagcountry 304 N/A Benchmarking participants – Template:Flagicon Indiana (United States) 553 N/A – Template:Flagicon Ontario (Canada) 540 N/A – Template:Flagicon Quebec (Canada) 500 N/A

TIMSS 1999

In 1999, TIMSS only focused on the eighth grade in 38 educational systems; there was no study done for the fourth grade in that year.

Eighth grade

Mathematics Rank Country Average scale score Change over 4 years 1 Template:Flagcountry 604 2 Template:Flagcountry 587 3 Template:Flagcountry 585 N/A 4 Template:Flagcountry 582 5 Template:Flagcountry 579 6 Template:Flagcountry (Flemish) 558 7 Template:Flagcountry 540 8 Template:Flagcountry 534 9 Template:Flagcountry 532 10 Template:Flagcountry 531 11 Template:Flagcountry 530 12 Template:Flagcountry 526 13 Template:Flagcountry 525 14 Template:Flagcountry 520 N/A 14 Template:Flagcountry 520 16 Template:Flagcountry 519 N/A 17 Template:Flagcountry 511 18 Template:Flagcountry (Latvian) 505 19 Template:Flagcountry 502 20 Template:Flagcountry 496 21 Template:Flagcountry 491 International average 487 22 Template:Flagcountry 482 23 Template:Flagcountry 479 N/A 24 Template:Flagcountry 476 25 Template:Flagcountry 472 26 Template:Flagcountry 469 N/A 27 Template:Flagcountry 467 28 Template:Flagcountry 466 29 Template:Flagcountry 448 N/A 30 Template:Flagcountry 447 N/A 31 Template:Flagcountry 429 N/A 32 Template:Flagcountry 428 N/A 33 Template:Flagcountry 422 34 Template:Flagcountry 403 N/A 35 Template:Flagcountry 392 N/A 36 Template:Flagcountry 345 N/A 37 Template:Flagcountry 337 N/A 38 Template:Flagcountry 275

Science Rank Country Average scale score Change over 4 years 1 Template:Flagcountry 569 N/A 2 Template:Flagcountry 568 3 Template:Flagcountry 552 4 Template:Flagcountry 550 5 Template:Flagcountry 549 6 Template:Flagcountry 545 7 Template:Flagcountry 540 8 Template:Flagcountry 539 9 Template:Flagcountry 538 10 Template:Flagcountry 535 N/A 10 Template:Flagcountry 535 10 Template:Flagcountry (Flemish) 535 13 Template:Flagcountry 533 13 Template:Flagcountry 533 15 Template:Flagcountry 530 16 Template:Flagcountry 529 17 Template:Flagcountry 518 18 Template:Flagcountry 515 19 Template:Flagcountry 510 20 Template:Flagcountry (Latvian) 503 21 Template:Flagcountry 493 N/A 22 Template:Flagcountry 492 N/A 23 Template:Flagcountry 488 International average 488 24 Template:Flagcountry 482 25 Template:Flagcountry 472 26 Template:Flagcountry 468 27 Template:Flagcountry 460 28 Template:Flagcountry 459 N/A 29 Template:Flagcountry 458 N/A 30 Template:Flagcountry 450 N/A 31 Template:Flagcountry 448 32 Template:Flagcountry 435 N/A 33 Template:Flagcountry 433 N/A 34 Template:Flagcountry 430 N/A 35 Template:Flagcountry 420 N/A 36 Template:Flagcountry 345 N/A 37 Template:Flagcountry 323 N/A 38 Template:Flagcountry 243

TIMSS 1995

In TIMSS 1995, there were 41 educational systems in five grades (third, fourth, seventh, eighth, and the final year of secondary school).

Eighth grade

Mathematics Rank Country Average scale score 1 Template:Flagcountry 643 2 Template:Flagcountry 607 3 Template:Flagcountry 605 4 Template:Flagcountry 588 5 Template:Flagcountry (Flemish) 565 6 Template:Flagcountry 564 7 Template:Flagcountry 547 8 Template:Flagcountry 545 9 Template:Flagcountry 541 9 Template:Flagcountry 541 11 Template:Flagcountry 540 12 Template:Flagcountry 539 13 Template:Flagcountry 538 14 Template:Flagcountry 537 15 Template:Flagcountry 535 16 Template:Flagcountry 530 17 Template:Flagcountry 527 17 Template:Flagcountry 527 19 Template:Flagcountry (French) 526 20 Template:Flagcountry 522 20 Template:Flagcountry 522 22 Template:Flagcountry 519 International average 513 23 Template:Flagcountry 509 24 Template:Flagcountry 508 25 Template:Flagcountry 506 26 Template:Flagcountry 503 27 Template:Flagcountry 502 28 Template:Flagcountry 500 29 Template:Flagcountry 498 30 Template:Flagcountry (Latvian) 493 31 Template:Flagcountry 487 31 Template:Flagcountry 487 33 Template:Flagcountry 484 34 Template:Flagcountry 482 35 Template:Flagcountry 477 36 Template:Flagcountry 474 37 Template:Flagcountry 454 38 Template:Flagcountry 428 39 Template:Flagcountry 392 40 Template:Flagcountry 385 41 Template:Flagcountry 354

Science Rank Country Average scale score 1 Template:Flagcountry 607 2 Template:Flagcountry 574 3 Template:Flagcountry 571 4 Template:Flagcountry 565 4 Template:Flagcountry 565 6 Template:Flagcountry 560 6 Template:Flagcountry 560 8 Template:Flagcountry 558 9 Template:Flagcountry 554 10 Template:Flagcountry 552 11 Template:Flagcountry (Flemish) 550 12 Template:Flagcountry 545 13 Template:Flagcountry 544 14 Template:Flagcountry 538 14 Template:Flagcountry 538 16 Template:Flagcountry 535 17 Template:Flagcountry 534 18 Template:Flagcountry 531 18 Template:Flagcountry 531 20 Template:Flagcountry 527 21 Template:Flagcountry 525 21 Template:Flagcountry 525 23 Template:Flagcountry 524 24 Template:Flagcountry 522 24 Template:Flagcountry 522 26 Template:Flagcountry 517 26 Template:Flagcountry 517 International average 516 28 Template:Flagcountry 498 29 Template:Flagcountry 497 30 Template:Flagcountry 494 31 Template:Flagcountry 486 32 Template:Flagcountry (Latvian) 485 33 Template:Flagcountry 480 34 Template:Flagcountry 478 35 Template:Flagcountry 476 36 Template:Flagcountry (French) 471 37 Template:Flagcountry 470 38 Template:Flagcountry 463 39 Template:Flagcountry 430 40 Template:Flagcountry 411 41 Template:Flagcountry 326

Fourth grade

Mathematics Rank Country Average scale score 1 Template:Flagcountry 625 2 Template:Flagcountry 611 3 Template:Flagcountry 597 4 Template:Flagcountry 587 5 Template:Flagcountry 577 6 Template:Flagcountry 567 7 Template:Flagcountry 559 8 Template:Flagcountry 552 9 Template:Flagcountry 550 10 Template:Flagcountry 548 11 Template:Flagcountry 546 12 Template:Flagcountry 545 13 Template:Flagcountry 532 14 Template:Flagcountry 531 International average 529 15 Template:Flagcountry (Latvian) 525 16 Template:Flagcountry 520 17 Template:Flagcountry 513 18 Template:Flagcountry 502 18 Template:Flagcountry 502 20 Template:Flagcountry 499 21 Template:Flagcountry 492 22 Template:Flagcountry 490 23 Template:Flagcountry 475 24 Template:Flagcountry 474 25 Template:Flagcountry 429 26 Template:Flagcountry 400

Science Rank Country Average scale score 1 Template:Flagcountry 597 2 Template:Flagcountry 574 3 Template:Flagcountry 565 3 Template:Flagcountry 565 5 Template:Flagcountry 562 6 Template:Flagcountry 557 6 Template:Flagcountry 557 8 Template:Flagcountry 551 9 Template:Flagcountry 549 10 Template:Flagcountry 547 11 Template:Flagcountry 546 12 Template:Flagcountry 539 13 Template:Flagcountry 536 14 Template:Flagcountry 533 15 Template:Flagcountry 532 16 Template:Flagcountry 531 International average 524 17 Template:Flagcountry 530 18 Template:Flagcountry (Latvian) 512 19 Template:Flagcountry 505 19 Template:Flagcountry 505 21 Template:Flagcountry 497 22 Template:Flagcountry 480 23 Template:Flagcountry 475 24 Template:Flagcountry 473 25 Template:Flagcountry 416 26 Template:Flagcountry 401

Additional initiatives

The TIMSS 1999 Video Study was a study of eighth-grade mathematics and science teaching in seven countries. The study involved videotaping and analyzing teaching practices in more than one thousand classrooms. In conjunction with the IEA, the study was conducted by the US National Center for Education Statistics, and the US Department of Education under a contract with LessonLab, Inc. of Los Angeles, California.

Cooperative partners

TIMSS depends on the collaboration of a large number of individuals and organizations around the world including the TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center at Boston College, IEA's offices in Amsterdam and Hamburg, Statistics Canada, and Educational Testing Service (ETS). In the United States, TIMSS is conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics of the US Department of Education. Data for US students is further tracked for ethnic and racial groups. TIMSS is mainly funded by the participating countries. Also, the US National Center for Education Statistics of the US Department of Education and the World Bank provide major support funding for the assessments.

United States results by race and ethnicity

Eighth grade

Mathematics
Race	2023	2019	2015	2011	2007	2003	1999	1995
	Score	Score	Score	Score	Score	Score	Score
Asian	580	591	585	568	549	—	—	—
White	516	548	541	530	533	525	525	516
Multiracial	495	540	521	513	506	—	—	—
US Average	488	515	518	509	508	504	502	500
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander	—	495	—	—	—	—	—
Hispanic	456	486	492	485	475	465	457	443
American Indian/Alaska Native	483	477	—	—	—	—	—
Black	443	445	462	465	457	448	444	419

Science
Race	2023	2019	2015	2011	2007	2003	1999	1995
	Score	Score	Score	Score	Score	Score	Score
Asian	584	577	573	556	543	—	—	—
White	545	543	559	557	553	551	552	547	544
Multiracial	526	542	547	536	534	522	—	—	—
US Average	513	517	522	530	525	520	527	515	534
Hispanic	482	491	493	502	493	480	482	462	446
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander	498	—	—	—	—	—
American Indian/Alaska Native	481	497	—	—	—	—	—
Black	466	445	469	470	455	463	438	422

Fourth grade

Mathematics
Race	2019	2015	2011	2007	2003	1995
	Score	Score	Score	Score	Score	Score
Asian	586	605	583	582	—	—
White	559	559	559	550	542	541
Multiracial	554	565	554	534	—	—
US Average	535	539	541	529	518	545
American Indian/Alaska Native	515	527	—	—	—	—
Hispanic	508	515	520	504	492	493
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander	500	502	—	—	—	—
Black	494	495	489	482	472	457

Science
Race	2019	2015	2011	2007	2003	1995
	Score	Score	Score	Score	Score	Score
Asian	581	598	570	573	—	—
White	565	570	568	567	565	572
Multiracial	561	571	559	550	—	—
US Average	539	546	544	539	536	565
American Indian/Alaska Native	519	530	—	—	—	—
Hispanic	508	518	517	502	498	503
Black	497	501	490	488	487	462
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander	495	503	—	—	—	—

All average country scores

• TIMSS 1995: 4th grade [1]; 8th grade [2]
• TIMSS 1999: 8th grade [3]
• TIMSS 2003: 4th grade [4][5]; 8th grade [6][7]
• TIMSS 2007: 4th and 8th grades [8][9]
• TIMSS 2011: 4th grade [10][11]; 8th grade [12][13]
• TIMSS 2015: 4th and 8th grades [14][15]
• TIMSS 2019: [16]

TIMSS and other international math and science studies

Hanushek and Woessmann developed a methodology to rescale 14 different international comparisons of math and/or science achievement to make them comparable. This includes the FIMS, FISS, and PISA, mentioned above, with TIMSS.

This methodology is disputed amongst experts. Quantitative methods used in educational and psychological measurement disagree with the approach as it is basically only a linear scale transformation that cannot ensure or examine whether PISA and TIMSS scores are based on the same or at least comparable measurement constructs: The numerical values used to measure shoe size and intelligence can be transformed so that both have the same arithmetic mean and standard deviation, but they still represent two very different characteristics. The equivalency of what is being measured needs to be established in linking studies that utilize well-designed joint data collections such as the TIMSS NAEP link, or IEA's Rosetta Stone.

Wu (2003, 2010) has shown that TIMSS and PISA do not produce exchangeable scores. One reason may be reading load even for mathematics and science items. TIMSS questions focus on the mathematics curricula taught around the world as seen in TIMSS example items, while PISA attempts to assess mathematics embedded in descriptions of situations encountered outside of the classroom, see PISA examples.

Participating countries

Country	Years
Template:Flagcountry	2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	2007
Template:Flagcountry	2015Template:Efn
Template:Flagcountry	2003, 2007, 2011, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 2007, 2011, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	2011, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1995,Template:Efn 1999,Template:Efn 2003,Template:Efn 2011,Template:Efn 2015,Template:Efn 2019,Template:Efn 2023Template:Efn
Template:Flagcountry	2007, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	2003, 2007, 2011,Template:Efn 2015Template:Efn
Template:Flagcountry	2023
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 1999, 2003,Template:Efn 2007,Template:Efn 2011,Template:Efn 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1999, 2003, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 2007
Template:Flagcountry	2011, 2015, 2019
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 1999, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	2003, 2007, 2015
Template:Flagcountry	2007
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	2003
Template:Flagcountry	1999, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	2003, 2007, 2011
Template:Flagcountry	1995
Template:Flagcountry	2011Template:Efn
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1995
Template:Flagcountry	1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	2023Template:Efn
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	2023
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1995,Template:Efn 1999,Template:Efn 2003, 2007, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	2003, 2007, 2011, 2015
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	2023
Template:Flagcountry	1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1999, 2003
Template:Flagcountry	2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1999, 2003, 2011, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019,Template:Efn 2023
Template:Flagcountry	2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	2019
Template:Flagcountry	2003, 2007, 2011, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1999, 2003, 2019
Template:Flagcountry	2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019
Template:Flagcountry	2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 2003, 2007
Template:Flagcountry	2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 1999, 2003, 2011,Template:Efn 2015,Template:Efn 2019,Template:Efn 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 2003,Template:Efn 2007,Template:Efn 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1995
Template:Flagcountry	2007, 2011
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 1999, 2007, 2011, 2015
Template:Flagcountry	1999, 2003, 2007, 2011
Template:Flagcountry	1999, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	2007, 2011
Template:Flagcountry	2007,Template:Efn 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Template:Flagcountry	2023
Template:Flagcountry	2007, 2011

See also

• International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement
• Numeracy
• Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), an educational ranking among OECD nations
• Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS)
• Scientific literacy

References

• .

External links

• IEA's TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center at Boston College
• www.iea.nl: TIMSS. Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study
• U.S. Department of Education TIMSS
• TIMSS: What Have We Learned about Math and Science Teaching? Template:Webarchive - Education Resources Information Center Clearinghouse for Science Mathematics and Environmental Education, Columbus, Ohio.
• Benchmarking to the world's best in mathematics. Quality control in curriculum and instruction among the top performers in the TIMSS