STX1A

Template:Short description Template:Infobox gene Syntaxin-1A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX1A gene.

Function

Synaptic vesicles store neurotransmitters that are released during calcium-regulated exocytosis. The specificity of neurotransmitter release requires the localization of both synaptic vesicles and calcium channels to the presynaptic active zone. Syntaxins function in this vesicle fusion process.

Syntaxin-1A is a member of the syntaxin superfamily. Syntaxins are nervous system-specific proteins implicated in the docking of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane. Syntaxins possess a single C-terminal transmembrane domain, a SNARE [Soluble NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein)-Attachment protein REceptor] domain (known as H3), and an N-terminal regulatory domain (Habc). Syntaxins bind synaptotagmin in a calcium-dependent fashion and interact with voltage dependent calcium and potassium channels via the C-terminal H3 domain. Syntaxin-1A is a key protein in ion channel regulation and synaptic exocytosis.

Clinical significance

Syntaxins serve as a substrate for botulinum neurotoxin type C, a metalloprotease that blocks exocytosis and has high affinity for a molecular complex that includes the alpha-latrotoxin receptor which produces explosive exocytosis.

The expression level of STX1A is directly correlated with intelligence in Williams syndrome.

Interactions

STX1A has been shown to interact with:

• CPLX1,
• CFTR,
• NAPA,
• RNF40,
• SCNN1G,
• SLC6A1,
• SNAP-25,
• SNAP23,
• STXBP1,
• STXBP5,
• SYT1
• UNC13B,
• VAMP2, and
• VAMP8.

See also

• Syntaxin

External links

• Template:PDBe-KB2

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.