Wihtwara

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Wihtwara (Template:Langx or ) were the Early Medieval inhabitants of the Isle of Wight, a island off the south coast of England. Writers such as Bede attribute their origin to Jutes who migrated to the island during the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain. They formed an independent kingdom at points in the Early Middle Ages, with their last king Arwald dying as the last heathen Anglo-Saxon king. After this point, the island was controlled from Great Britain.

Name

The term translates from Old English as "the people of the Isle of Wight", with the suffix denoting a people group, as in ("the people of Kent").Template:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn In the Old English translation of Bede's work, the term is used instead, possibly as it was the more common name by which the group was known at the time of writing. It has been suggested that the suffixes and may have had a slight semantic difference, with the latter being used more for political purposes and in reference to groups with a fixed location. Consequently, the loss of political independence of the may have led to a change over time in name.Template:Sfn Other synonyms include Template:Langx and possibly , a group mentioned in the Tribal Hidage as having 800 hides of land.Template:Sfn

Early Middle Ages

Founding

Bede in his Ecclesiastical History of the English People writes that the Jutes settled Wight as part of the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, along with the part of Great Britain opposite the island, and Kent. While his accounts reflect later geopolitics and have limited historical accuracy, a 'Jutish' material culture has been identified in these regions. Similarities in culture and genetics further support the migration of people at this time to Britain from continental northern Europe such as modern day Denmark and northern Germany.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

Asser's biography of Alfred the Great lists Wihtgar and Stuf as the two earliest kings of Wight and nephews of Cerdic, founder of the Kingdom of Wessex, making them ancestors of Alfred the Great's mother Osburh.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn The account further describes how Wihtgar and Stuf were of Jutish and Gothic origin and set about exterminating the island's native Briton inhabitants, either killing them or driving them into exile.Template:Sfn The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle gives a similar account in which Wihtgar and Stuf were kinsmen of Cerdic; Wihtgar and Stuf received the island from Cerdic's son Cynric in 534, with the death of Wihtgar taking place in 544.Template:Sfn Scholars have suggested that Wihtgar may have been fictitious: that is, the central figure of a founding myth invented retrospectively, to justify the name of the island, with deriving from the Latin name of the island, .Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

Conquest and Annexation

According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, in 661 Wulfhere of Mercia conquered the Isle of Wight and gave the overlordship to his godson, King Æthelwealh of Sussex, to convert the islanders to Christianity.Template:Sfn Bede, however, records that the island was converted after an invasion in 686 by King Cædwalla of Wessex,Template:Sfn which the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle states was conducted together with his brother Mul of Kent.Template:Sfn The final Jutish king of the Wihtwara, Arwald, was purportedly killed while resisting Cædwalla.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Arwald's two younger brothers, after attempting to escape Cædwalla, were captured, baptised, then executed by him.Template:Sfn

Later Middle Ages

After the Norman Conquest the Isle of Wight was given to the de Redvers family in 1101 who were known as "Lords of the Isle of Wight". However the last of them was Izabel de Forz (also known as Isabella de Fortibus; 1237–1293), who was known informally as the "Queen of the Isle of Wight". Forz was visited shortly before her death by King Edward Longshanks (known later as Edward I), who said later that she had sold the Isle of Wight to him for 6,000 marks. The village of Queens Bower is said to be named after her.

In 1444, Henry Beauchamp, Duke of Warwick a favourite of King Henry VI was given the title (or perhaps nickname) of King of the Isle of Wight. Beauchamp died shortly afterwards and the title was not used again.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn The closest existing title at that time - the Lordship of the Isle of Wight - was held by the uncle of King Henry VI, Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, after being bestowed it in 1434.Template:Sfn

See also

• Heptarchy

Bibliography

Primary

• Eddius Stephanus Vita Dunstani

Secondary

• Template:Cite EB1911
• Henry Beauchamp