Streptophyta
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "For". Template:More footnotesTemplate:Automatic taxobox
Streptophyta (Template:IPAc-en), informally the streptophytes (Template:IPAc-en, from the Greek strepto 'twisted', for the morphology of the sperm of some members), is a clade of plants. The composition of the clade varies considerably between authors, but the definition employed here includes land plants and all green algae except the Chlorophyta and the more basal Prasinodermophyta.[1]
Classifications
The composition of Streptophyta and similar groups (Streptophytina, Charophyta) varies in each classification.[2]Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Some authors include only the Charales and Embryophyta (e.g., Streptophyta,[3][4] Streptophytina[5]); others include more groups (e.g., Charophyta,[5][4] Streptophyta,[6][7] Streptobionta[8]); some authors use this broader definition, but exclude the Embryophyta (e.g., Charophyta,[9][7] CharophyceaeScript error: No such module "Unsubst"., StreptophycophytesScript error: No such module "Unsubst".).
The clade Streptophyta includes both unicellular and multicellular organisms. Streptophyta contains the freshwater charophyte green algae and all land plants that reproduce sexually by conjugation. Mesostigma viride, a unicellular green flagellate alga may be a basal Streptophyte.[10][11]
These earlier classifications have not taken into account that the Coleochaetophyceae and the Zygnemophyceae appear to have emerged in the Charophyceae + Embryophyta clade, resulting in the synonymy of the Phragmoplastophyta and Streptophytina/Streptophyta sensu stricto (a.k.a. Adl 2012[4]) nomenclature.[12]
Jeffrey, 1967
- Streptophyta[3]
Lewis & McCourt 2004
- Division Charophyta (charophyte algae and embryophytes)[5]
- Class Mesostigmatophyceae (mesostigmatophytes)
- Class Chlorokybophyceae (chlorokybophytes)
- Class Klebsormidiophyceae (klebsormidiophytes)
- Class Zygnemophyceae (conjugates)
- Order Zygnematales (filamentous conjugates and saccoderm desmids)
- Order Desmidiales (placoderm desmids)
- Class Coleochaetophyceae (coleochaetophytes)
- Order Coleochaetales
- Subdivision Streptophytina
- Class Charophyceae (same as the Smith system, 1938)
- Order Charales (charophytes sensu stricto)
- Class Embryophyceae (embryophytes)
- Class Charophyceae (same as the Smith system, 1938)
Leliaert et al. 2012
- Streptophyta[7]
Adl et al. 2012
Source:[4]
- Archaeplastida Adl et al. 2005Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
- Chloroplastida Adl et al. 2005 (Viridiplantae Cavalier-Smith 1981)
- Chlorophyta Pascher 1914, emend. Lewis & McCourt 2004[5]
- Charophyta Migula 1897,Script error: No such module "Unsubst". emend. Karol et al. 2009 (Charophyceae Smith 1938, Mattox & Stewart 1984)
- Chlorokybus Geitler 1942Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
- Mesostigma Lauterborn 1894Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
- Klebsormidiophyceae van den Hoek et al. 1995Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
- Phragmoplastophyta Lecointre & Guyander 2006Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
- Zygnematophyceae van den Hoek et al. 1995, emend. Hall et al. 2009Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
- Coleochaetophyceae Jeffrey 1982Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
- Streptophyta Jeffrey 1967[3]
- Charophyceae Smith 1938, emend. Karol et al. 2009 (Charales Lindley 1836; Charophytae Engler 1887)Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
- Embryophyta Engler 1886, emend. Lewis & McCourt 2004[5] (Cormophyta Endlicher 1836; Plantae Haeckel 1866)Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
- Chloroplastida Adl et al. 2005 (Viridiplantae Cavalier-Smith 1981)
Adl et al. 2019
- Archaeplastida Adl et al. 2005Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
- Chloroplastida Adl et al. 2005Script error: No such module "Unsubst". (Viridiplantae Cavalier-Smith 1981)Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
- Phylum Streptophyta [Charophyta]
- Chlorokybus atmophyticus
- Mesostigma viridae
- Family Klebsomidiophyceae
- Class Phragmoplastophyta
- Family Zygnemataceae
- Order Coleochaetophyceae
- Family Characeae
- Kingdom Embryophyta
- Phylum Streptophyta [Charophyta]
- Chloroplastida Adl et al. 2005Script error: No such module "Unsubst". (Viridiplantae Cavalier-Smith 1981)Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Phylogeny
Below is a reconstruction of Streptophyta relationships, based on genomic data.[13][14][15]
Script error: No such module "Clade". Streptofilum, described in 2018,[16] appears to bring in a new branching.[17]
Script error: No such module "Clade".
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
- ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Template wrapper".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
External links
- The plant tree of life: an overview and some points of view Template:Webarchive
- The closest land plants relatives
Template:Eukaryota Template:Plant classification Template:Taxonbar