Weights and Measures Acts (UK)

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File:Imperial Standards of Length, Greenwich.jpg
The informal public imperial measurement standards erected at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, London, in the 19th century: 1 British yard, 2 feet, 1 foot, 6 inches, and 3 inches. The inexact monument was designed to permit rods of the correct measure to fit snugly into its pins at an ambient temperature of 62°F (16<templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />2⁄3°C).[1][2]
File:Bronze Yard No. 11.jpg
Bronze Yard No.11, the official standard of length for the United States between 1855 and 1892, when the Treasury Department formally adopted a metric standard. Bronze Yard No.11 was forged to be an exact copy of the British Imperial Standard Yard, which was ruined in 1834 during the Burning of Parliament. Both were line standards: the yard was defined by the distance at 62°F between two fine lines drawn on gold plugs (closeup, top) installed in recesses near each end of the bar.
File:Laser DSC09088.JPG
A helium–neon laser at the Kastler-Brossel Laboratory at Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris. Britain's metric and imperial units of length and volume are now all ultimately derived from measurements of the speed of light in vacuum.
File:Prototype kilogram replica.JPG
Before the 2019 revision of the SI, Britain's units of mass were derived from national standards periodically reverified against the platinum and iridium international prototype of the kilogram stored beneath two bell jars in a basement vault at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures's headquarters at Pavillon de Breteuil in Paris. A display replica shown at Paris's Script error: No such module "Lang". is shown here. The modern kilogram is defined by a fundamental property of matter.

Weights and Measures Acts are acts of the British Parliament determining the regulation of weights and measures. It also refers to similar royal and parliamentary acts of the Kingdoms of England and Scotland and the medieval Welsh states. The earliest of these were originally untitled but were given descriptive glosses or titles based upon the monarch under whose reign they were promulgated. Several omnibus modern acts have the short title "Weights and Measures Act" and are distinguished by the year of their enactment.

Background

There have been many laws concerned with weights and measures in the United Kingdom or parts of it over the last 1,000 or so years. The acts may catalogue lawful weights and measures, prescribe the mechanism for inspection and enforcement of the use of such weights and measures and may set out circumstances under which they may be amended. Modern legislation may, in addition to specific requirements, set out circumstances under which the incumbent minister may amend the legislation by means of statutory instruments. Prior to the Weights and Measures Act 1985, weights and measures acts were only concerned with trade law where the weight or size of the goods being traded was important. The 1985 act, however, had a broader scope, encompassing all aspects covered by the European Economic Community (EEC) European Commission directive 80/181/EEC.

As of 25 April 2012, the current primary legislation in the United Kingdom is the 1985 act, which was last amended by statutory instrument in 2011.[3] Statutory instruments made under the authority of the act do not amend the act Script error: No such module "Lang"., but regulate particular areas covered by the act.[4]

The act is currently enforced by the 200 Trading Standards offices managed by local authorities around the country. Definitions of units of measurements and the technical equipment relating to weights and measures are provided by the National Measurement Office, an agency of the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills.

Statute measure

Historically, many units had various customary definitions—by locality or trade, for example. Where these units also had a standard, legally defined definition, such as given in a weights and measures act, this was known as the statute measure.[5] So a land area might be given as 24 acres—statute measure, to clarify that it was the acre defined in statute, rather than a customary acre of a different size, that was being used.[5] Units that had statute-defined measures as well as customary measures were the acre, mile, perch, pole and ton.[6] The level of legal enforcement of statute measures achieved between the mid nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries meant that only "statute mile" and "statute ton" needed qualifying beyond then.[5] The statute mile still needed to be differentiated from the nautical mile, but the others, and the term "statute measure" itself, are now only used in a historical context.[6]

Metric units of measure

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The Weights and Measures (Metric System) Act 1897 (60 & 61 Vict. c. 46) provided that metric units could be used in addition to the traditional imperial units for purposes of trade.[7][8] In practice, the actual choice of units was restricted by price marking orders which listed packaging sizes and pricing structures that might be used in specific circumstances. For example, as of April 2012, wine for consumption on premises may only be sold in 125, 175, and 250 mL glasses while draught beer may only be sold as <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄3, <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2, or <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />2⁄3 pint and integer multiples of <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2 pint.[9][10] Prior to 1973, when the United Kingdom joined the EEC, such specifications were almost all in imperial units.

As part of its attempt to harmonise units of measure between the member states of its Internal Market, the European Commission (EC) issued directive 80/181/EEC which set out the units of measure that should be used for what it called "economic, public health, public safety, and administrative" purposes. To comply with this directive, the Weights and Measures Act 1985 extended the scope of Trading Standards responsibilities from just matters related to trade to all aspects of the directive. For example, it was the Trading Standards Office that criticised the use of sub-standard weighing machines in NHS hospitals.[11]

To help ease the EC's desired transition from sole use of imperial units to sole use of metric units, the directive permitted the use of what were termed "supplementary indicators"—the continued use of imperial units alongside the metric units catalogued by the directive (dual labelling). The initial intention was to prohibit dual labelling after the end of 1989, with metric units only being allowed after that date. This deadline was later extended: first to the end of 1999, then to the end of 2009. Finally, in 2007, the European Union (EU, as it had become) and the EC confirmed that the UK would be permitted to continue indefinitely to use imperial units such as pints, miles, pounds and ounces as at present.[12] The Gloucestershire County Council Trading Standards Department confirmed the EU ruling that the previous deadline for ending dual labelling had been abolished.[13]

There are still a few cases where imperial units are required to be used and where metric units are not permitted within the scope of the Weights and Measures Act, such as the pint for the sale of draught beer and cider, and miles and yards for distances on road signage. Milk in returnable containers may be sold by the pint and the troy ounce may be used for the sale of precious metals. In addition, British law specifies which non-metric units may be used with dual labelling (for example the imperial gallon, but not the US gallon).[14]

England

Acts of the Witenagemot

Template:Expand list Numerous acts of the Saxon kings are known to have been lost. Those that have survived include:

10th century

2 Edgar c. 8 (sometime between 959 and 963):[15]

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The statute also survives in a few other Old English and Latin copies, some which omit mention of London and describe "the measure held at Winchester", an indication that a standard ell or yard was nominally in use:[16][17]

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John Quincy Adams's 1821 report on the history of English weights and measures notes of this act that "it was never observed".[18]

Acts of the Royal Council

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11th century

3 William I c. 7 (1068):

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12th century

9 Richard I c. 27 (1197):[19]

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Acts of Parliament

Statutes of uncertain date

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The Assize of Bread and Ale (Script error: No such module "Lang".)[21]
Sometimes dated to 51 Henry III (1267–68). Statute I - Section III:
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Also known as the Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang". ("The Composition of Weights"), Script error: No such module "Lang". ("Assize of Weights and Measures") or the Weights and Measures Act 1303. In the Latin and English text, "hundred" (and the Latin numeral Script error: No such module "Lang".) is used for four separate concepts: the Germanic long hundred of 120, the short hundred of 100, several units of either value, and a separate unit (the hundredweight) of 108 pounds.
The form in which it appears in Cotton MS Claudius D2 where it is dated to 31 Edw. I (1303) is:
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Magna Carta
Although signed in 1215, Magna Carta was not ratified by Parliament until 1225, by which time it had become substantially abridged. Chapter 35 of Magna Carta of 1215 (which dealt with weights and measures) became chapter 25 of Magna Carta of 1225.

14th century

14 Edw. 3 Stat. 1. c. 12 (1340)[24]
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18 Edw. 3 Stat. 2. c. 4 (1344)[25]
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25 Edw. 3 Stat. 5. c. 9 (1350)[26]
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25 Edw. 3 Stat. 5. c. 10 (1350)[26]
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27 Edw. 3 Stat. 2. c. 10 (1353)[27][28]
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A chapter of the Statute of the Staple that provides for justices to be appointed to hear charges of measuring fraud at the staple ports. Those found guilty were liable for quadruple damages and 2 years' imprisonment.Script error: No such module "anchor".
31 Edw. 3 Stat. 1. c. 2 (1357)[29]
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4 Ric. 2. c. 1 (1380)[30]
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13 Ric. 2. Stat. 1. c. 9 (1389)[31]
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15 Ric. 2. c. 4. (1391)[32]
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16 Ric. 2. c. 3. (1392)[33]
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15th century

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Template:Short descriptionScript error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1 Hen. 5. c. 10 (1413),[34]

An Act concerning the true Measure of Corn.
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Template:Short descriptionScript error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 2 Hen. 5. Stat. 2. c. 4 (1414)[35]

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First notice of troy weight in statute.[36]
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Template:Short descriptionScript error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 8 Hen. 6. c. 5 (1429)[37]

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Template:Short descriptionScript error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 18 Hen. 6. c. 16 (1439)[38]

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Template:Short descriptionScript error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 18 Hen. 6. c. 17 (1439)[38]

Vessels of Wine, Oyl, and Honey, shall be gauged.
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Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:Short descriptionScript error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 11 Hen. 7. c. 4 (1494)[39]
An Act for Weights and Measures.
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Template:Short descriptionScript error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 12 Hen. 7. c. 5 (1496)[40]

An Act for Weights and Measures.
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16th century

Verdict of the Pyx 18 Henry VIII (1527)[41]Template:Issue needed
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Template:Short descriptionScript error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 23 Hen. 8. c. 4 (1531)[42]

An Act that no Brewers of Beer or Ale shall make their Barrels, Kilderkins or Firkins within them, and how much the same Barrels, et cetera shall contain.
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Template:Short descriptionScript error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 24 Hen. 8. c. 3 (1532)[43]

An Act for flesh to be sold by weight, and the prices limited.
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Template:Short descriptionScript error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 24 Hen. 8. c. 4 (1532)[43]

An Act concerning sowing of Flax and Hemp.
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Template:Short descriptionScript error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 5 & 6 Edw. 6. c. 6 (1552)[44]

An Act for the true making of Woolen Cloth.
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Template:Short descriptionScript error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 4 & 5 Ph. & M. c. 5. par. IX (1557–58)[45]

An act touching the making of woolen clothes.
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Template:Short descriptionScript error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 23 Eliz. 1. c. 8 (1581)[46]

An Act touching the true melting, making and working of Wax.
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Template:Short descriptionScript error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 35 Eliz. 1. c. 6 (1593)[47]

An Act against converting of great Houses into several Tenements, and for Restraint of Inmates and Inclosures, in and near about the City of London and Westminster.
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This is the codification and namesake of the statute mile.
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Template:Short descriptionScript error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 35 Eliz. 1. c. 10. par. III (1593)[48]

An act for the reformation of sundry abuses in clothes, called Devonshire kersies or dozens, according to a proclamation of the thirty-fourth year of the reign of our sovereign lady the Queen that now is.
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17th century

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Template:Short descriptionScript error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 16 Cha. 1. c. 19 (1640)[49]

An Act for the better ordering and regulating of the Office of Clerk of the Market, allowed and confirmed by this Statutes; and for the Reformation of false Weights and Measures.
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Template:Short descriptionScript error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 22 Cha. 2 c. 8 (1670)[50]

An Act for ascertaining the Measures of Corn and Salt.
First mention of the Winchester bushel in statute.
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Template:Short descriptionScript error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 22 & 23 Cha. 2. c. 12 (1670)[51]

An additional Act for ascertaining the Measures of Corn and Salt.
8 & 9 Will. 3 c. 22. s. 9 (1696–7)[52][53]
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First definition of the Winchester bushel in statute (≈2,150.42 cubic inches).

18th century

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Template:Short descriptionScript error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 11 Will. 3. c. 15 (1700)[54]

An Act for ascertaining the Measures for retailing Ale and Beer.
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Template:Short descriptionScript error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1 Ann. c. 9 (1701)[55]

An Act to ascertain the Water Measure of Fruit.

Great Britain

Acts of Parliament

18th century

Template:Short descriptionScript error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Visible anchor (6 Ann. c. 27)[56]

An Act for continuing several Subsidies, Impositions and Duties and for making Provisions therein mentioned to raise Money by Way of Loan for the Service of the War, and other Her Majesty's necessary and important Occasions, and for ascertaining the Wine Measure.
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This statute is the origin of the US gallon, also known as the Queen Anne Gallon, Queen Anne Wine Gallon, or pre-1824 British gallon.

Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:Short descriptionScript error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Visible anchor (10 Geo. 3. c. 44)[57]

An Act for more effectually preventing Traders in exciseable Commodities from using false Weights and Scales and for explaining and amending several Acts of Parliament relating to Hackney Coaches and Chairs.

Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:Short descriptionScript error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Visible anchor (35 Geo. 3. c. 102)[58]

An Act for the more effectual Prevention of the Use of defective Weights, and of false and unequal Balances.
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An Act to explain and amend an Act made in the thirty-fifth Year of the Reign of his present Majesty, intituled, An Act for the more effectual Prevention of the use of defective Weights, and of false and unequal Balances.

19th century

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An Act for the more effectual Prevention of the Use of false and deficient Measures.

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An Act for ascertaining and establishing Uniformity of Weights and Measures.
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This is the origin of Imperial units. This statute repeals nearly all previous weights and measures legislation, listing them in chronological order (by regnal year but without dates) beginning with "ancient statutes of uncertain date".
Section 23 of the act repealed 62 enactments, listed in that section, "so far as the same or any of them relate to the ascertaining or establishing any Standards of Weights and Measures or to the establishing or recognizing certain Differences between Weights and Measures of the same Denomination, but no farther or otherwise, shall, from and after the said First Day of May One thousand eight hundred and twenty-five, be and the same are hereby repealed; save and except only so far as any such Statutes or Acts, or any Part thereof, repeal any other Statutes or Acts, or any Part thereof, which relate to the ascertaining or establishing any Standard of Weights and Measures, or to the establishing or recognizing certain Differences between Weights and Measures of the same Denomination."
The commencement of the act, and the repeal of enactments in section 23 of the act, was extended from 1 May 1825 to 1 January 1826 by section 1 of the Weights and Measures Act 1825 (6 Geo. 4. c. 12).
Citation Short title Description Extent of repeal
Stat. Temp. Incert. Assisa Panis et Cervisie Assisa Panis et Cervisie Certain ancient Statutes or Ordinances made previous to the Reign of King Edward the Third, but being of uncertain Date, intituled or known by the Names or Descriptions following: "Assisa Panis et Cervisiæ" or " The Assize of Bread and Ale". The whole act.Template:Efn[62]
Stat. Temp. Incert. Statutum de Pistoribus, etc. Statutum de Pistoribus, etc. Certain ancient Statutes or Ordinances made previous to the Reign of King Edward the Third, but being of uncertain Date, intituled or known by the Names or Descriptions following: "Statutum de Pistoribus, et cetera" or "Statute concerning Bakers, et cetera". The whole act.Template:Efn
Stat. Temp. Incert. Weights and Measures Act 1303 Weights and Measures Act 1303 Certain ancient Statutes or Ordinances made previous to the Reign of King Edward the Third, but being of uncertain Date, intituled or known by the Names or Descriptions following: "Assisa de Ponderibus et Mensuris" or "Tractatus de Ponderibus" or "Compositio de Ponderibus" or "Assize of Weights and Measures". The whole act.Template:Efn[62]
Stat. Temp. Incert. Statutum de Admensuratione Terre Statutum de Admensuratione Terre Certain ancient Statutes or Ordinances made previous to the Reign of King Edward the Third, but being of uncertain Date, intituled or known by the Names or Descriptions following: "Statutum de Admensuratione Terræ" or "Statute for the measuring of Land". The whole act.Template:Efn[62]
14 Edw. 3. c. 12 Measures and weights So much of a Statute made in the Fourteenth Year of the Reign of King Edward the Third, as relates to the making of Bushels and Weights, and sending the same into every Country. The whole act.Template:Efn[62]
14 Edw. 3. c. 21 Taxation, etc. So much of the said last-mentioned Statute. As directs that the Sack of Wool ought to contain Twenty-six Stones, and every Stone Fourteen Pounds.
18 Edw. 3. Stat. 2. c. 4 Weights and measures So much of a Statute made in the 18 E.3. st. 2. Eighteenth Year of the Reign of the said King Edward the Third, as c.4. relates to Commissioners to assay Weights and Measures The whole act.Template:Efn[62]
25 Edw. 3. Stat. 5. c. 9 Weights So much of a Statute made in the Parliament summoned at Westminster on the Feast of Saint Hilary, in the Twenty-fifth Year of the Reign of the said King Edward the Third. As relates to Auncel Weight, and the Weight of the Sack of Wool.Template:Efn[62]
25 Edw. 3. Stat. 5. c. 10 Measures So much of a Statute made in the Parliament summoned at Westminster on the Feast of Saint Hilary, in the Twenty-fifth Year of the Reign of the said King Edward the Third, as relates to the Bushel, Half Bushel, Peck, Gallon, Pottle, and Quart, and to the Quarter and Measure of Corn. The whole act.Template:Efn[62]
27 Edw. 3. Stat. 2. c. 10 There shall be but one weight, measure and yard through the realm. So much of the Statute or Ordinance of the Staples, made in the Twenty-seventh Year of the Reign of the said King Edward the Third, as relates to the Uniformity of Weights and Measures throughout the Realm. The whole act.
31 Edw. 3. Stat. 1. c. 2 Wool Act 1357 A Statute made in the Thirty-first Year of the Reign of King Edward the Third. As relates to the regulating the Price and Weight of Wools.
31 Edw. 3. Stat. 1. c. 5 Wine A Statute made in the Thirty-first Year of the Reign of King Edward the Third, as relates to the Tun of Wine and the gauging thereof. The whole act.
34 Edw. 3. c. 5 Weights and Measures Act 1361 A Statute made in the Thirty-fourth Year of the Reign of King Edward the Third, whereby Justices of the Peace are empowered to inquire of Weights and Measures. The whole act.Template:Efn[62]
4 Ric. 2. c. 1 Gauging of vessels of wine, etc. A Statute made in the Fourth Year of the Reign of King Richard the Second, as relates to the gauging of Vessels of Wine, Honey, Oil, and other Liquors brought into the Realm. The whole act.
13 Ric. 2. Stat. 1. c. 9 Weights and Measures Act 1389 A Statute made in the Thirteenth Year of the Reign of King Richard the Second. As relates to the regulating of Weights and Measures, and to the buying and selling of Wool at Fourteen Pounds the Stone.Template:Efn[62]
15 Ric. 2. c. 4 Measures A Statute made in the Fifteenth Year of the Reign of King Richard the Second, as relates to Weights and Measures of Corn, Wine, Ale, and Malt. The whole act.Template:Efn[62]
16 Ric. 2. c. 3 Weights and Measures Act 1392 A Statute made in the Sixteenth Year of the Reign of King Richard the Second. As relates to the Clerk of the Market, and the Assay of Weights and Measures made by him, and the using such Weights and Measures.Template:Efn[62]
1 Hen. 5. c. 10 Corn Measure Act 1413 A Statute made in the First Year of the Reign of King Henry the Fifth, as concerns the true Measure Corn, or as is intituled An Act concerning the true Measure of Corn. The whole act.Template:Efn[62]
2 Hen. 6. c. 14 Measures Act 1423 A Statute made in the Second Year of the Reign of King Henry the Sixth, as relates to the several Measures of Vessels of Wine, Eels, Herrings, and Salmon. The whole act.
8 Hen. 6. c. 5 Weights, etc. Act 1429 A Statute made in the Eighth Year of the Reign of King Henry the Sixth, as relates to the confirming and amending former Statutes concerning Weights and Measures, and requiring common Balances and Weights to be kept in all Cities, Boroughs, and Towns. The whole act.Template:Efn[62]
9 Hen. 6. c. 6 Weights (Dorchester) Statute made in the Ninth Year of the Reign of King Henry the Sixth, as relates to the explaining the said Statute of the Eighth Year of King Henry the Sixth, concerning Weights and Measures, so far as relates to the Burgesses of Dorchester

.

The whole act.
9 Hen. 6. c. 8 Weight of a Wey of Cheese The said Statute made in the Ninth Year of King Henry the Sixth, as relates to the Weight of a Wey of Cheese. The whole act.
11 Hen. 6. c. 8 Weights and Measures Act 1433 A Statute made in the Eleventh Year of the Reign of King Henry the Sixth, as relates to the confirming and amending former Statutes concerning Weights and Measures. The whole act.Template:Efn[62]
18 Hen. 6. c. 17 Vessels of Wine, etc. Act 1439 A Statute made in the Eighteenth Year of the Reign of King Henry the Sixth, as relates to the gauging of Vessels of Wine, Oyl, and Honey. The whole act.
22 Edw. 4. c. 2 Fish Act 1482 A Statute made in the Twenty-second Year of King Edward the Fourth, as relates to the packing of Barrelled Fish, or as is intitutled An Act for packing of Barrelled Fish. The whole act.Template:Efn[62]
1 Ric. 3. c. 13 Vessels of Wine, etc. Act 1483 The Whole of an Act made in the First Year of the Reign of King Richard the Third, intituled An Act to ascertain the Contents of Keels of Tyme and Oil, or An Act for the Contents of a Butt of Malmsey. The whole act.
7 Hen. 7. c. 3Template:Efn

7 Hen. 7. c. 4Template:Efn

Weights and Measures Act 1491 An Act made in the Seventh Year of the Reign of King Henry the Seventh, intituled An Act for Weights and Measures. The whole act.Template:Efn[62]
7 Hen. 7. c. 7Template:Efn

7 Hen. 7. c. 8Template:Efn

Customs Act 1491 Another Act made in the same Seventh Year of the Reign of King Henry the Seventh, intituled An Act to pay Custom for every Butt of Malmsey. The whole act.Template:Efn[62]
11 Hen. 7. c. 4 Weights and Measures Act 1495 An Act made in the Eleventh Year of the Reign of King Henry the Seventh, intituled An Act for Weights and Measures. The whole act.Template:Efn[62]
12 Hen. 7. c. 5 Weights and Measures Act 1496 An Act made in the Twelfth Year of the Reign of King Henry the Seventh, intituled An Act for Weights and Measures. The whole act.Template:Efn[62]
23 Hen. 8. c. 4 Brewers and Coopers Act 1531 An Act made in the Twenty-third Year of the Reign of King Henry the Eighth, intituled An Act that no Brewers of Beer or Ale shall make their Barrels, Kilderkins, or Firkins within them, and how much the same Barrels, et cetera, shall contain. The whole act.Template:Efn[62]
24 Hen. 8. c. 6 Sale of Wines Act 1532 An Act made in the Twenty-fourth Year of the Reign of King Henry the Eighth, intituled An Act concerning Sale of Wines. The whole act.Template:Efn
12 Eliz. 1. c. 3 (I) N/A An Act made in the Parliament of Ireland in the Twenty-eighth Year of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, intituled An Act for the establishing the Standard of Measures for Corn within certain Shires of this Realm. The whole act.
13 Eliz. 1. c. 11 Navigation Act 1571 An Act made in the Thirteenth Year of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, intituled An Act for the Maintenance of the Navigation. As relates to the Assize of Herring Barrels.Template:Efn
23 Eliz. 1. c. 8 Wax Act 1580 An Act made in the Twenty-third Year of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, intituled An Act touching the true making, making and working of Wax. As relates to the Barrel, Kilderkin, or Firkin of Honey.
43 Eliz. 1. c. 14 Assise of Fuel Act 1601 The Whole of an Act, made in the Forty-third Year of Queen Elizabeth, intituled An Act concerning the Assize of Fuel The whole act.Template:Efn[62]
16 Cha. 1. c. 19 Clerk of the Market Act 1640 An Act made in the Sixteenth Year of the Reign of King Charles the First, intituled An Act for the better ordering and regulating of the Office of Clerk of the Market, allowed and confirmed by this Statute; and for the Reformation of false Weights and Measures. The whole act.Template:Efn[62]
12 Cha. 2. c. 23 Excise (No. 3) Act 1660 An Act made in the Twelfth Year of the Reign of King Charles the Second, intituled A Grant of certain Impositions upon Beer, Ale, and other Liquors, for the Increase of His Majesty's Revenue during his Life. As relates to the Contents of the Barrel of Beer and Ale.
22 Cha. 2. c. 8 Measures Act 1670 An Act made in the Twenty-second Year of the Reign of King Charles the Second, intituled An Act for ascertaining the Measures of Corn and Salt. The whole act.Template:Efn[62]
22 & 23 Cha. 2. c. 12 Measures (No. 2) Act 1670 An Act made in the Parliament holden in the Twenty-second and Twenty-third Years of the Reign of the said King Charles the Second, intituled An additional Act for ascertaining the Measures of Corn and Salt. The whole act.Template:Efn[62]
1 Will. & Mar. c. 24Template:Efn

1 Will. & Mar. Sess. 1. c. 24Template:Efn

Excise Act 1688 An Act made in the First Year of the Reign of King William and Queen Mary, intituled An Act for an additional Duty of Excise upon Beer or Ale and other Liquors. As relates to the Contents of the Barrel of Beer and Ale.
5 & 6 Will. & Mar. c. 7Template:Efn

5 Will. & Mar. c. 7Template:Efn

House of Commons (Disqualification) Act 1693 An Act made in the Fifth and Sixth Years of the Reign of King William and Queen Mary, made, among other Things, for granting to their Majesties certain Rates and Duties upon Salt, and upon Beer, Ale, and other Liquors. As relates to the Weight or Measure of Salt.
7 Will. 3. c. 24 (I) N/A An Act made (in the Parliament of Ireland) in the Seventh Year of the Reign of King William the Third, for the better regulating of Measures in and throughout that Kingdom. The whole act.Template:Efn
7 & 8 Will. 3. c. 31 Taxation, etc. (No. 2) Act 1695 An Act made in the Seventh and Eighth Years of the Reign of King William the Third, made, among other Things, for continuing to His Majesty certain Duties upon Salt, Glass Wares, and Earthen Wares. As relates to the Measure and Weight of Salt.
9 Will. 3. c. 6Template:Efn

9 & 10 Will. 3. c. 6Template:Efn

Sale of Salt Act 1697 An Act made in the Ninth and Tenth Years of the Reign of King William the Third, intituled An Act that all Retailers of Salt shall sell by Weight. The whole act.Template:Efn[63]
10 Will. 3. c. 21Template:Efn

10 & 11 Will. 3. c. 21Template:Efn

Taxation Act 1698 An Act made in the Tenth and Eleventh Years of the Reign of King William the Third, made, among other Things, for levying further Duties upon Sweets, and for lessening the Duties, as well upon Vinegar as upon certain Low Wines. As relates to the Contents of a Barrel of Vinegar, Vinegar Beer, or Liquor preparing for Vinegar.
10 Will. 3. c. 22Template:Efn

10 & 11 Will. 3. c. 22Template:Efn

Taxation (Rock Salt) Act 1698 Another Act made in the same Tenth and Eleventh Years of the Reign of the said King William the Third, intituled An Act for in the more full and effectual charging of the Duties upon Rock Salt. As relates to the Weight or Measure of Rock Salt.
11 Will. 3. c. 15Template:Efn

11 & 12 Will. 3. c. 15Template:Efn

Ale Measures Act 1698 An Act made in the Eleventh and Twelfth Years of the Reign of King William the Third, intituled An Act for the ascertaining the Measures for retailing Ale and Beer. The whole act.Template:Efn[63]
1 Ann. c. 9Template:Efn

1 Ann. St. 1. c. 15Template:Efn

Water Measure of Fruit Act 1702 An Act made in the First Year of the Reign of Queen Anne, intituled An Act to c.15. ascertain the Water Measure of Fruit The whole act.
1 Ann. c. 15Template:Efn

1 Ann. St. 1. c. 21Template:Efn

Salt Duties, etc. Act 1702 An made in the same First Year of the Reign of Queen Anne, intituled An Act for preventing Frauds in the Duties upon Salt, and for the better Payment of Debentures at the Custom House. As relates to the Weight and Measure of Foreign Salt and Rock Salt.
2 Ann. c. 17 (I) N/A An Act made (in the Parliament of Ireland) in the Second Year of the Reign of Queen Anne, for supplying the Defects of the hereinbefore recited Act, passed in the Parliament of Ireland in the Seventh Year of the Reign of King William the Third. The whole act.Template:Efn
5 Ann. c. 15Template:Efn

6 Ann. c. 21Template:Efn

Taxation (No. 5) Act 1706 An Act made in the Fifth and Sixth Years of the Reign of Queen Anne, intituled An Act for continuing several Subsidies, Impositions, and Duties, and for making Provisions therein mentioned, to raise Money by way of Loan for the Service of the War, and other Her Majesty's necessary and important Occasions; and for ascertaining the Wine Measure. As relates to the Contents of the Gallon, Tun, Butt, Pipe, and Hogshead of Wine.
9 Ann. c. 6 Lotteries Act 1710 An Act made in the Ninth Year of the Reign of Queen Anne, made, among in part. other Things, for reviving, continuing, and appropriating certain Duties upon several Commodities to be exported, and certain Duties upon Coals to be waterborne and carried coastwise. As relates to the Chaldron or Chalder and Bushel of Coals.
9 Ann. c. 20Template:Efn

9 Ann. c. 15Template:Efn

Assise of Fuel Act 1710 An Act made in the said Ninth Year of the Reign of Queen Anne, for making more effectual the herein-before recited Act of the Forty-third Year of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, concerning the Assize of Fuel. The whole act.Template:Efn[63]
10 Ann. c. 5Template:Efn

10 Ann. c. 6Template:Efn

Assise of Fuel Act 1711 An Act made in the Tenth Year of the Reign of Queen Anne, intituled An Act for explaining and altering the Laws now in being concerning the Assizes of Fuel, so far as they relate to the Assize of Billet made or to be made of Beech Wood only. The whole act.Template:Efn[63]
1 Geo. 2. c. 21 (I) N/A An Act made (in the Parliament of Ireland) in the in part. First Year of the Reign of King George the Second, intituled An Act for preventing Combinations to enhance the Prices, and for avoiding Exactions and Abuses formerly practised in the Sale and Measure of Coals. As relates to the Dimensions of the Half Barrel, Bushel, Half Bushel, Peck, or Half Peck of Coals.
8 Geo. 2. c. 12 Salt Duties, etc. Act 1734 An Act made in the Eighth Year of the Reign of King George the Second, made, among other Things, for granting and continuing the Duties upon Salt and upon Red and White Herrings. As relates to the Computation of the Distance in Miles between the Pits and Refineres of Rock Salt.
9 Geo. 2. c. 9 (I) N/A An Act made (in the Parliament of Ireland) in the Ninth Year of the Reign of King George the Second, intituled An Act for the ascertaining the Gauge and the Meаsure of Barrels and Half Barrels used by Brewers in selling Beer, Ale, and Small Beer. The whole act.
24 Geo. 2. c. 31 Linen and Hempen Manufactures (Scotland) Act 1750 The Statute made in the Twenty-fourth Year of the Reign of King George the Second, intituled An Act for explaining, amending, and enforcing an Act passed in the Thirteenth Year of His late Majesty's Reign, intituled& An Act for the better Regulation of the Linen and Hempen Maпufactures in that Part of Great Britain called Scotland, and for further regulating and encouraging the said Manufactures. As relates to the Weight of Hemp or Flax.
26 Geo. 3. c. 35 (I) N/A An Act made (in the Parliament of Ireland) in the Twenty-sixth Year of the Reign of His late Majesty King George the Third, for preventing Frauds in the Measurement of Lime. The whole act.Template:Efn
38 Geo. 3. c. 89 Salt Duties Act 1798 An Act made in the Thirty-eighth Year of the Reign of His late Majesty King George the Third, intituled An Act for transferring the Management of the Salt Duties to the Commissioners of Excise, and for repealing the Duties on Salt, and the Drawbacks, Allowances, and Bounties thereon. As relates to the Weight of a Bushel of Salt.
43 Geo. 3. c. 69 Excise Act 1803 An Act made in the Forty-third Year of the Reign of His late Majesty King George the Third, intituled An Act to repeal the Duties of Excise payable in Great Britain, and to grant other Duties in lieu thereof. As relates to he Quart, Gallon, and Barrel of Beer or Ale.

Section 24 of the act provided that nothing in the act would repeal the Westminster Act 1757 (31 Geo. 2. c. 17)

The qualified terms of repeal led to led to several acts being repealed by later Statute Law Revision Acts, including:

Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:Short descriptionScript error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Visible anchor (6 Geo. 4 c. 12)[64]

The act extended the commencement of the Weights and Measures Act 1824 (5 Geo. 4. c. 74), and the associated repeals of enactments by that act, from 1 May 1825 to 1 January 1826.

An Act to prolong the Time of the Commencement of an Act of the last Session of Parliament, for ascertaining and establishing Uniformity of Weights and Measures and to amend the said Act.

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An Act to amend and render more effectual Two Acts of the Fifth and Sixth Years of the Reign of His late Majesty King George the Fourth, relating to Weights and Measures.

Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:Short descriptionScript error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Visible anchor 5 & 6 Will. 4. c. 63 (1835)[66]

Also known as the Weights and Measures Act 1835; originally entitled An Act to repeal an Act of the Fourth and Fifth Year of His present Majesty relating to Weights and Measures, and to make other Provisions instead thereof.
Established the imperial stone and hundredweight of 14 and 112 lbs. respectively, based on the wool stone of Edward III.

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An Act for legalising and preserving the restored Standards of Weights and Measures.
The 1834 burning of Parliament had destroyed the physical standards referred to in earlier statues; the 1835 act ignored this fact. New copies were created in accordance with the advice of a scientific commission, and the 1855 act made them the "restored Standards".
Template:Quote

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An Act to amend the Act of the fifth and sixth years of King William the Fourth, chapter sixty-three, relating to weights and measures.

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An Act to render permissive the Use of the Metric System of Weights and Measures.

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An Act to consolidate the Law relating to Weights and Measures.
This statute abolished the troy pound, effective January 1879.[71]

The majority of the act was repealed for Great Britain by section 63(1) of, and part I of schedule 9 to, the Weights and Measures Act 1963, namely:

  • The whole act except sections 62 and 86 and so much of schedule 6 as relates to section of the Weights and Measures Act 1859 (22 & 23 Vict. c. 56)
  • In section 86, the words from provided that onwards.
  • In the said section as set out in Schedule 6, the words from “and shall have” to “ situate ”’.

Schedule 6 to the act was repealed by section 44(2) of, and part II of schedule 7 to, the Weights and Measures Act 1979.

Section 62 and the proviso to section 86, so far as unrepealed, were repealed by section 1(1) of, part XVII of schedule 1 to, the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1977

The whole act was repealed for Northern Ireland by the Script error: No such module "anchor".Template:Short descriptionScript error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Visible anchor (52 & 53 Vict. c. 21)[72]

An Act for amending the Law relating to Weights and Measures and for other purposes connected therewith.

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An Act to legalise the Use of Weights and Measures of the Metric System.
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This collective title encompassed the following acts:[74]

20th century

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This act introduces the average quantity principle for packaged goods into UK law for the first time. The 1979 Act was replaced by Part V of the 1985 Act.

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The act defines the four primary units of measurement as the metre or the yard (defined in terms of the metre) for length, and the kilogram or pound (defined in terms of the kilogram) for mass. The act also requires standard physical examples to be maintained (known as "United Kingdom primary standards") for each of the four primary units.
In addition, the definitions of units which are multiples or sub-multiples of the primary units are defined, in terms of the primary units, and given as: mile, foot, inch, kilometre, decimetre, centimetre, millimetre, acre, square yard, square foot, hectare, decare, are, square metre, square decimetre, square centimetre, square millimetre, cubic metre, cubic decimetre, cubic centimetre, hectolitre, litre, decilitre, centilitre, millilitre, gallon, quart, pint, gill, fluid ounce, pound, ounce, ounce troy, tonne, kilogram, hectogram, gram, carat (metric) and milligram.
As originally enacted, the act also defined, in the same way, units which could not be used for trade as: furlong, chain, square mile, rood, square inch, cubic yard, cubic foot, cubic inch, bushel, peck, fluid drachm, minim, ton, hundredweight, cental, quarter, stone, dram, grain, pennyweight, ounce apothecaries, drachm, scruple, metric ton and quintal.
since January 2020Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., following multiple amendments over the years since enactment, the metre, yard, kilogram and pound remain as the primary defined units and with the requirement to maintain the "United Kingdom primary standards" for them.
At the same time, all the imperial units, except pint and ounce troy (but including all of those which were originally defined as not to be used for trade) were reclassified as being available for use for trade as supplementary indications, namely: mile, furlong, chain, yard, foot, inch, square mile, acre, rood, square yard, square foot, square inch, cubic yard, cubic foot, cubic inch, bushel, peck, gallon, quart, gill, fluid ounce, fluid drachm, minim, ton, hundredweight, cental, quarter, stone, pound, ounce, dram, grain, pennyweight, ounce apothecaries, drachm, scruple and quintal. The tonne was also reclassified as being available for use for trade as a supplementary unit of measure,[82]

Northern Ireland

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See also

Notes

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Template:Cite legislation UK
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Thorpe (1840), p. 525.
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Ruffhead (1763a), p. 227.
  25. ↑ Ruffhead (1763a), p. 241.
  26. ↑ a b Ruffhead (1763a), p. 264.
  27. ↑ Ruffhead (1763a), p. 279.
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Ruffhead (1763a), pp. 290–291.
  30. ↑ Ruffhead (1763a), p. 348.
  31. ↑ Ruffhead (1763a), p. 387.
  32. ↑ Ruffhead (1763a), p. 401.
  33. ↑ Ruffhead (1763a), p. 405.
  34. ↑ Ruffhead (1763a), p. 485.
  35. ↑ Ruffhead (1763a), p. 499.
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Ruffhead (1763a), pp. 542–544.
  38. ↑ a b Ruffhead (1763a), p. 594.
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"..
  40. ↑ Evans (1836), pp. 312–313.
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ a b Pickering (1763d), p. 252.
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Pickering (1763f), p. 342.
  47. ↑ Pickering (1763f), p. 433.
  48. ↑ Pickering (1763f), p. 444.
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Pickering (1763h), pp. 353–355.
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"..
  55. ↑ Raithby (1811), p. 349.
  56. ↑ Raithby (1811), p. 607.
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"..
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ Evans (1836), pp. 325–327.
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".. (The date of coming into effect was 1 May 1825).
  62. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Evans (1836), pp. 306–327.
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ Template:Cite EB1911
  72. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  74. ↑ The Short Titles Act 1896, s. 2(1) & Schedule 2.
  75. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  76. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  77. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  78. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  79. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  80. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  81. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  82. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

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