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In [[statistical mechanics]], the '''thermodynamic limit''' or '''macroscopic limit''',<ref>{{cite book |title=Thermodynamics The thermodynamic limit is defined as the limit of a system with a large volume, with the par ...

...n = 3</math> case of the [[n-vector model|''n''-vector model]], one of the models used to model [[ferromagnetism]] and other phenomena. ...a long-range interaction, <math> J_{x,y}\sim |x-y|^{-\alpha} </math>, the thermodynamic limit is well defined if <math> \alpha >1 </math>; the magnetization remai ...

...gnetic]] system which exhibits a first-order [[phase transition]] in the [[thermodynamic limit]] for non-zero [[temperature]] ''T''. The [[magnetization]] ''M'' per site in the [[thermodynamic limit]], depending on the external [[magnetic field]] ''H'' and temperature ...

{{see also|Thermodynamic system}} # a [[thermodynamic system]] enclosed by rigid immovable [[Thermodynamic system#Walls|walls]] through which neither [[mass]] nor [[energy]] can pass ...

* [[Incomplete Nature#Autogenesis|Autogenesis]], a proposed kind of thermodynamic synergy that the first living creature may have possessed * Autogenous models for the origins of cellular features, such as membrane-bound organelles or ...

{{Short description|Linked cyclic series of thermodynamic processes}} {{Thermodynamics|cTopic=[[Thermodynamic system|Systems]]}} ...

{{Short description|Passage of a system from an initial to a final state of thermodynamic equilibrium}} {{Thermodynamics|cTopic=[[Thermodynamic system|Systems]]}} ...

...rom the [[Van der Waals force]]s. All perfect gas models are [[ideal gas]] models in the sense that they all follow the ideal gas [[equation of state]]. Howe * is in [[thermodynamic equilibrium]] ...

...ub>2</sub>]] and CO₂. It also takes into account the Non Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (NLTE) effects on the rotational, electronic and vibrational po ...al., "An inter-comparison of far-infrared line-by-line radiative transfer models", Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer, v. 90, iss. 3– ...

==Thermodynamic Modeling== ...10.1007/s10953-017-0704-x | volume=47| title=Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Modeling of Aqueous Two-Phase System Containing Polypropylene Glycol and Na ...

==Models== ...eisach model of hysteresis|Preisach]] and [[Jiles-Atherton model]]s. These models allow an accurate modeling of the hysteresis loop and are widely used in th ...

...ion cause them to reorganize spontaneously to minimize their interfacial [[Thermodynamic free energy|free energy]].<ref name=Foty>{{cite journal|last=Foty|first=Ram ...m Steinberg]] introduced the "differential adhesion hypothesis" which uses thermodynamic principles to describe and explain patterns of cell sorting and arrangement ...

...independent of ''d'' and the geometry of the system. It is one of the few models of ferromagnetism that can be solved exactly in the presence of an external Solving the partition function and using a calculation of the [[Thermodynamic free energy|free energy]] yields an equation describing the [[magnetization ...

...x-coil transitions of [[macromolecule]]s, usually [[polymer]] chains. Most models provide a reasonable [[Approximation theory|approximation]] of the fraction ==Helix-coil transition models== ...

...ce gauge theory]] and [[lattice field theory]] are areas of study. Lattice models are also used to simulate the structure and dynamics of polymers. A number of lattice models can be described by the following data: ...

**[[Branching process]], a Markov process that models a population *[[Thermodynamic process]], the energetic evolution of a thermodynamic system ...

...ondensed matter]], '''Grüneisen parameter''' {{mvar|γ}} is a dimensionless thermodynamic parameter named after German physicist [[Eduard Grüneisen]], whose original == Relationship between microscopic and thermodynamic models == ...

...ture behaviour in the absence of any external forces affecting the system. Models that consist of coupled first-order [[differential equation]]s are said to ...[[state function]]. Examples include [[internal energy]], [[enthalpy]], [[thermodynamic temperature|temperature]], [[pressure]], [[volume]] and [[entropy]]. [[Heat ...

...date=2024-06-03 |title=Topology of thermodynamic potentials using physical models: Helmholtz, Gibbs, Grand, and Null |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0207592 ...r|U}}. In other words, each thermodynamic potential is equivalent to other thermodynamic potentials; each potential is a different expression of the others. ...

...el]] and [[hard hexagon model]]. A recurring theme in the solution of such models, the [[Yang–Baxter equation]], also known as the "star–triangle relation", ...s original and groundbreaking contributions to the field of exactly solved models in statistical mechanics, which continue to inspire profound developments i ...