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| quote = The cause has been traced to errors in an onboard computer suspected to have been induced by cosmic rays. .... In 1979, James Ziegler of [[International Business Machines|IBM]], along with W. Lanford of [[Yale University|Yale]], first described the mechanism where ...

...these cases as “good matches” even though there are long consecutive runs with indel operations in the sequence. Therefore, using a good gap penalty model * '''Spell checking''' - Gap penalties can help find correctly spelled words with the shortest [[edit distance]] to a misspelled word. Gaps can indicate a mi ...

...yboard.jpg|thumb|A Teletype Wheatstone Perforator keyboard from the 1930s, with backslash in the end of the third row]] ...e ASR-33 keyboard layout with ASCII character set, prior to June 14, 1966, with backslash on shift+L]] ...

...on.png|thumb|1: Imaging by a lens with [[chromatic aberration]]. 2: A lens with less chromatic aberration]] ...d in shape or have color fringing or other effects not seen in the object, with the nature of the distortion depending on the type of aberration. ...

[[File:Pixel-example.png|right|upright=0.45|frame|This example shows an image with a portion greatly enlarged so that individual pixels, rendered as small squ ...ference to video games. Modern computers and displays, however, can easily render orders of magnitude more pixels than was previously possible, necessitating ...

| pages = 63, 64 |pages = [https://archive.org/details/handbookofapplie0000mene/page/228 228–2 ...

...pp&nbsp;154–155)</ref> Before 1800, astronomers had isolated observational errors resulting ...es (the "[[personal equation]]") and had developed methods of reducing the errors.<ref>Stigler (1986, pp&nbsp;240–242)</ref> The experimental methods used in ...

...Inference in Econometrics |location=New York |publisher=Wiley |year=1971 |pages=13–14 |isbn=0-471-98165-6 }}</ref> ...ized by a (possibly multivariate) parameter <math display="inline">\theta</math>, is usually defined differently for [[Continuous or discrete variable|disc ...

...a case history |journal=IEEE Spectrum |date=May 1988 |volume=25 |issue=5 |pages=42–46 |doi=10.1109/6.4550|s2cid=33376390 }}</ref> [[Interpress]], [[Lisp (p ...k Geschke]] and founded [[Adobe Systems]] in December 1982. They, together with Doug Brotz, Ed Taft and [[Bill Paxton (computer scientist)|Bill Paxton]] cr ...

...urnal=Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics |language=en |volume=62 |pages=287–331 |doi=10.1146/annurev-astro-052622-033813 |issn=0066-4146|doi-access ...S2214404822000398 |journal=Journal of High Energy Astrophysics |volume=36 |pages=27–35 |doi=10.1016/j.jheap.2022.07.004 |arxiv=2105.10421 |bibcode=2022JHEAp ...

...he top row contains a very large 'E' and the size of the letters decreases with each row that follows. ...animal]]'s<!-- that includes humans --> ability to recognize small details with precision. Visual acuity depends on optical and neural factors. Optical fac ...

...chart colored.svg|thumb|309px|PERT network chart for a seven-month project with five [[Milestone (project management)|milestones]] (10 through 50) and six ...for the [[United States Navy]] in 1958; it is commonly used in conjunction with the [[Critical Path Method]] (CPM), which was also introduced in 1958.<ref ...

...fully computerized bombsights were introduced, which combined the bombing with long-range navigation and mapping. ...component by <math>v_h</math> then the speed is <math>\sqrt{v_v^2+v_h^2}</math> and the vertical and horizontal components of the drag are: ...

...Programming Language Design |date=2024-10-17 |language=en |publisher=ACM |pages=205–222 |doi=10.1145/3689492.3689809 |isbn=979-8-4007-1215-9}}</ref>}} for ...al storage and [[browser engine|render]] the documents into multimedia web pages. HTML describes the structure of a [[web page]] [[Semantic Web|semantically ...

For example, the number 2469/200 is a floating-point number in base ten with five digits: ...rbrace{10}_\text{base}\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\overbrace{{}^{-3}}^{\text{exponent}}</math> ...

...in [[quantum mechanics]]. It states that there is a limit to the precision with which certain pairs of physical properties, such as position and [[momentum ...pdf | journal = Current Science | volume = 107 | issue = 2 | year = 2014 | pages = 203–218 | access-date = 2016-02-14 | archive-date = 2019-09-24 | archive- ...

...:Transparent Electricity Meter found in Israel.JPG|thumb|Electricity meter with transparent plastic case (Israel)]] ...archive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060616204615/http://minnkota.com/Pages/loadmana.html |date=2006-06-16 }}, accessed 22 August 2009.</ref> ...

...gain in the future (or vice versa). The [[fallacy]] is commonly associated with [[gambling]], where it may be believed, for example, that the next dice rol ...th>\Pr\left(\bigcap_{i=1}^n A_i\right)=\prod_{i=1}^n \Pr(A_i)={1\over2^n}</math>. ...

...re only slightly different, with receivers able to work with either system with only minor inconsistencies in the displayed data. The data is sent with an [[error correction code]], but receivers may choose to use it only for [ ...

[[File:Cray-1_large_view.png|thumb|3D rendering of a Cray-1 with two figures as scale]] ...rhaps best known for its unique shape, a relatively small C-shaped cabinet with a ring of benches around the outside covering the power supplies and the co ...