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...all of the effects of human "impairments" to flow and then removing these effects. Since these [[calculation]]s involve many assumptions, they tend to be mo ...climate and [[land use change]]. It is still possible that the long-term climate signal is caused by larger scale anthropogenic sources. ...

...lft.nl/uuid:365bc45f-fb92-41ce-864e-03812be8a440|doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Land use]] changes, such as [[deforestation]] or [[agriculture|agricultural]] in ...a watershed is defined by a topographically explicit area that provides [[surface runoff]], the precipitationshed is a statistically defined area within whic ...

...d Climate Zones | year = 2000 | url = http://eesc.columbia.edu/courses/ees/climate/lectures/gen_circ/index.html | access-date = 13 March 2012}}</ref> This con Surface [[temperature]]s under the polar highs are one of the coldest on Earth, with no month having an average temperature above freezing. Regions ...

...]] areas and the [[Atmosphere of Earth|atmosphere]], the effects they have on one another, and the varying spatial and temporal scales at which these pro ...l | last1 = Mills | first1 = G | year = 2007 | title = Luke Howard and The Climate of London | journal = Weather | volume = 63 | issue = 6| pages = 153–157 | ...

...porates before reaching the surface, and so may be undetected by observers on the ground. The [[METAR]] code for drizzle is '''DZ''' and for [[freezing d == Effects == ...

...0- Glacier annual mass change - World Glacier Monitoring Service.svg|chart on Wikimedia]].</ref>]] ...started in 1986, combining the two former services PSFG (Permanent Service on Fluctuations of [[Glacier]]s) and TTS/WGI (Temporal Technical Secretary/Wor ...

{{short description|Military combat on land}} ...g in [[combat]] that takes place predominantly on the [[battlespace]] land surface of the [[Earth|planet]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kott |first=Alexander |date=20 ...

...ludes drilling down into solid ground as well as drilling from small boats on lakes. Sampling thick [[glacier]]s and [[ice sheet]]s to obtain [[ice core] ...man has ever descended to greater depths than this below the Earth's solid surface. As depth increases into the Earth, temperature and pressure rise. Temperat ...

...07">Sætre, Roald, ed. 2007. The Norwegian Coastal Current—Oceanography and Climate. Tapir Academic Press; Trondheim. {{ISBN|82-519-2184-8}}</ref> ...eb.gfi.uib.no/The%20Norwegian%20Sea/TNS-001.htm |date=2010-04-19 }} Report on Norwegian Fishery and Marine-Investigations, 2, 1–359.</ref><ref>{{cite jou ...

{{Short description|Numerical indicator of dryness of the climate at a given location}} ...lable water, a condition that can severely affect the effective use of the land for such activities as agriculture or stock-farming. ...

...Obukhov |first2=A.M.|year=1954|title=Basic laws of turbulent mixing in the surface layer of the atmosphere.|journal= Tr. Akad. Nauk SSSR Geofiz. Inst|volume=2 ...[potential temperature]], <math>(\overline{w^'\theta^'_v})_s</math> is the surface virtual potential temperature flux, k is the [[von Kármán constant]]. If no ...

{{short description|Wind blowing from sea to land}} ...ackerman">{{cite web |last=Ackerman |first=Steve |year=1995 |title=Sea and Land Breezes |url=http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/wxwise/seabrz.html |url-status=live ...

[[File:Arctic circle.svg|thumb|The north polar circle on a [[Azimuthal equidistant projection|polar projection]].]] [[File:World map with polar circles.svg|thumb|The polar circle as lines on a modified [[cylindrical projection]].]] ...

{{short description|Unavoidable future climate change due to inertial effects}} ...nce has nearly doubled since 1979, shows mankind's influence on the global climate.<ref name=NOAA_AGGI_2023>{{cite web |title=The NOAA Annual Greenhouse Gas I ...

...ResearchLaboratories.aspx |url-status = dead }}</ref> In October 2005, the Surface Radiation Research Branch of the ARL was merged with five other NOAA labs t ...pollutants from the ambient atmosphere. The emphasis of the ARL's work is on data interpretation, technology development and transfer. The specific goal ...

{{Short description|Distance from the center of the Earth to the sea surface}} ..."standing") is the distance from the center of the [[Earth]] to the [[sea surface]].<ref name="patzkowskyholland30"/><ref name="schlager92"/> An increase of ...

...been produced on this hypothesis, which is often presented in terms of the effects of wage increases as an encouragement to labor-saving innovation. The hypot == Induced innovation in climate change == ...

...elative to 1980, based on the combined results of multiple [[Climate model|climate models]].]] ...PET is a measure of the demand side (also called ''evaporative demand''). Surface and air temperatures, [[insolation]], and wind all affect this. A dryland i ...

...immermann, N.E., Hari, C., Pellissier, L., Karger, D.N. (preprint): Global climate-related predictors at kilometre resolution for the past and future. Earth S ...ws the effects of factors such as geology, soils, vegetation, and land use on the hydrologic cycle to be quantified. ...

...thus moister and dominated by ''[[Ceanothus]] sp.'' The south-facing slope on the right side is much drier (receiving more direct sun), and is more spars ...pms/pubs/475/PMS475_chap2b.pdf National Wildfire Coordinating Group, Basic Land Navigation] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130626073207/ht ...