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...t heavy ion UNILAC as an injector for FAIR|journal=Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and A ...ngle-gap resonators. This solution was proposed for maximum flexibility in beam energy. ...

...ed deposition]], a process of decomposing gaseous molecules by an electron beam * [[Ion beam-assisted deposition]], a combination of ion implantation with a physical vapor deposition technique ...

...used reaction to profile [[hydrogen]] with an energetic ¹⁵N ion beam is ...6W|doi-access=free}}</ref> Since the incident ¹⁵[[Nitrogen|N]] ion loses energy along its trajectory in the material it must have an energy hi ...

...mple size determination|sample]]. When a material is exposed to an [[ion]] beam, atomic interactions occur that give off [[EM radiation]] of [[wavelength]] ...rdment with ions of sufficient energy (usually MeV protons) produced by an ion accelerator, will cause inner shell ionization of atoms in a specimen. Oute ...

...ty]], an academic statistical association for mathematical and statistical methods in the biosciences * [[Sputter deposition#Ion-beam sputtering|Ion-beam sputtering]], a type of sputter deposition ...

This is a list of analysis methods used in [[materials science]]. Analysis methods are listed by their acronym, if one exists. * APFIM – [[Atom Probe|Atom probe field ion microscopy]] ...

...r]], combines questions related to macrocosm and microcosm. Unconventional methods of observation for gamma rays and neutrinos open new windows to the univers ...intense laser light with matter is investigated using quantum-theoretical methods. ...

...m given off by a charged tungsten filament under high vacuum. The electron beam causes atoms from the target to transform into the gaseous phase. These ato ...products, but deposition rates are typically lower. [[Cathode ray|Electron-beam]] physical vapor deposition, however, yields a high deposition rate from 0. ...

...trons are used, there is no significant momentum transfer from the neutron beam to the substrate, and the analysis is practically non-destructive. As charg *D. Fink, J.P. Biersack and H. Liebl, in ''Ion Implantation: Equipment and Techniques'', (1983), H. Ryssel and H. Glawisch ...

...formation of metastable cubic tantalum nitride by metal condensation under ion irradiation | journal = Journal of Applied Physics | volume = 77 | issue = ...

{{Short description|Analytical techniques involving ion beams}} ...l as at higher energies (>GeV) using instruments like the [[LHC]]. All IBA methods are highly sensitive and allow the detection of elements in the sub-monolay ...

[[File:ION PLATING RIG - NARA - 17418910.jpg|thumb|Ion plating rig]] [[File:ION PLATED FASTENERS - NARA - 17470749.jpg|thumb|Ion plated fasteners]] ...

...cannot be seen in a [[optical microscope|light microscope]] with the usual methods of illumination. The ''ultra-'' in ''ultramicroscope'' refers to the abilit ...s will be scattered. In discussions about light scattering, the converging beam is called a "[[Tyndall cone]]". The scene is viewed through an ordinary mic ...

...rticle complexes by confocal laser microscopy." Journal of microbiological methods 91.1 (2012): 101-105.</ref> == Visualization methods == ...

| name = Secondary-ion mass spectrometry ...by [[sputtering]] the surface of the specimen with a focused primary [[ion beam]] and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. The mass/charge rati ...

[[File:Cyclotron motion.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Beam of electrons moving in a circle in a [[Teltron tube]], due to the presence ...[electrodynamics]] of [[charged particles]], e.g. in electron optics and [[ion optics]]. ...

...an be unavailable to [[Absorption spectroscopy|single photon spectroscopic methods]], for example [[Rotational spectroscopy|rotational structure]] in molecule ...linear optical process, which can only occur within the focus of the laser beam. A small-volume plasma is formed near the laser focal region. If the ener ...

...] and Dr. [[Terenzio Consoli]], for high speed [[Plasma (physics)|plasma]] beam production. # Gaseous propellant is ionized by one of the following methods: ...

...derivative of [[lithography]], only covering very small structures. All NL methods can be categorized into four groups: [[photolithography|photo lithography]] === Electron-beam lithography === ...

...may be detected directly (direct time of flight, '''dToF''', e.g., via an ion detector in mass spectrometry) or indirectly (indirect time of flight, '''i ...n electrical field to the same [[kinetic energy]] with the velocity of the ion depending on the [[mass-to-charge ratio]]. Thus the time-of-flight is used ...