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[[Category:Guadalupian first appearances]] [[Category:Extant Permian first appearances]] ...

[[Category:Extant Pennsylvanian first appearances]] [[Category:Permian arachnids]] ...

[[Category:Cisuralian first appearances]] [[Category:Extant Permian first appearances]] ...

| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Permian|Present}} ...ymnosperm]]s which appeared during the [[Mesozoic Era]], of which the only extant representative is ''[[Ginkgo biloba]]'', which is for this reason sometimes ...

...|last3=Near |first3=Thomas J. |date=2023-04-12 |title=The biogeography of extant lungfishes traces the breakup of Gondwana |journal=Journal of Biogeography * Berman, D. S., 1976, ''Cranial morphology of the Lower Permian lungfish Gnathorhiza (Osteichthyes: Dipnoi): Journal of Paleontology'', v. ...

| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Late Permian|Recent|Permo-Triassic–Recent}} ...oidea comprises five [[family (biology)|families]]. The two [[extant taxon|extant]] species, ''[[Neoglyphea inopinata]]'' and ''[[Laurentaeglyphea neocaledon ...

...enolaemata/ Stenolaemata.] The Digital Atlas of Ordovician Life.</ref> All extant (living) species are in the order [[Cyclostomatida]], the third-largest ord ...s=153–161}}</ref> Their numbers were greatly reduced during the terminal [[Permian extinction event]], and most stenolaemates were extinct by the start of the ...

...Laurin | first2 = M. | doi = 10.5252/g2013n1a8 | title = The origin(s) of extant amphibians: A review with emphasis on the "lepospondyl hypothesis" | journa ...million years ago and contain no lissamphibians, suggesting that the Early Permian may be an upper bound for the age of Batrachia.<ref name=ML07>{{Cite journa ...

...onian]]) [[Akrabou Formation]] of Morocco.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Roberts|first=Emily A.|last2=Martill|first2=David M.|last3=Loveridge|first3=Robert F.|dat ...{{cite journal | last1 = Wang | first1 = Z-Q | year = 2004 | title = A new Permian Gnetalean cone fossil as evidence for supporting molecular phylogeny | jour ...

...e was an important evolutionary innovation, '''rhynchonellids''' being the first truly non-strophic shells with a purely internal articulation (teeth-socket ...elopment of a complex spiral brachidium. Although much diminished by the [[Permian extinction|terminal Paleozoic extinction]], it experienced a revival during ...

...n unusual mammal-like reptile (Synapsida: Sphenacodontidae) from the Early Permian of Texas|journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=104|issue ...angea]] in the Late Carboniferous.<ref name=Huttenlocker2021/> Later, in [[Permian]], sphenacodontoids gave rise to the dominant terrestrial carnivores in bot ...

| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Late Permian|Recent}} ...ophaga]].<ref name="Hörnschemeyer2009">{{Cite journal |last=Hörnschemeyer |first=Thomas |date=July 2009 |title=The species-level phylogeny of archostematan ...

...9 |title=Re-evaluation of an early sphenacodontian synapsid from the Lower Permian of England |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/ ...ferous]]) epoch. From the end of the [[Carboniferous]] to the end of the [[Permian]], most of them remained large, with only some secondarily becoming small i ...

...scovian]] in [[Euramerica]], and continued through to the [[Lopingian|Late Permian]] and the [[Early Triassic]] of [[Gondwana]]. They are distinguished by var Dissorophoid diversity was highest in the Permian; some of the more diverse families within the group include [[Dissorophidae ...

...le]] and foot were exposed and covered the outside of the shell, as in the extant [[Cypraeidae]] and [[Naticidae]]. ...[Bellerophon regularis]]'' ([[Wilhelm Heinrich Waagen|Waagen]]) from the [[Permian]] of India ...

[[Category:Permian insects]] [[Category:Cisuralian first appearances]] ...

| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Asselian|0|[[Permian]]–[[Holocene|present]]}} ...found worldwide. The [[Order (biology)|order]] was a common component of [[Permian]] and [[Triassic]] flora before the super dominance of [[Conifer|conifers]] ...

.... 2018. First arboreal ‘pelycosaurs’(Synapsida:Varanopidae) from the early Permian Chemnitz Fossil Lagerstatte, SE-Germany, with a review of varanopid phyloge ...]], encompassing all [[mammal]]s and their closest extinct relatives. They first appeared 308{{nbsp}}million years ago during the [[Early Pennsylvanian]] ep ...

...Jurassic|Recent|earliest=Late Permian|ref=<ref name=FB/>}}<br />Possible [[Permian]] occurrence ...[extant taxon|extant]] survivor of the [[Permian–Triassic extinction event|Permian–Triassic extinction]].<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/4281 ...

| subdivision = Extant genera:<br/> ...he only extant members of the superfamily [[Hagloidea]]. There is only one extant [[genus]] in [[North America]], where they are known as '''grigs''', four g ...