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{{Short description|Method of purported witch identification}} [[File:Scottish witchpricker Needle.JPG|thumb|Part of a Scottish witch-pricking needle]] ...

...e l'Inquisition en France''''' is a book about [[witch trials in the early modern period]] published in 1829 by [[Étienne-Léon de Lamothe-Langon]] (1786–1864 ...and investigations regarding the history of the witch craze and the witch hunts in the Middle Ages"), which in turn became the source for many other works. ...

...> and that the belief in [[fairy|faeries]] in ancient, mediaeval and early modern Europe is due to a secretive [[Pygmy peoples|pygmy race]] that lived alongs ...as written by [[Margaret Murray]], the main proponent of the discredited [[witch-cult hypothesis]] in the 1920s and 1930s. In her introduction, she stated: ...

...ted".<ref>Friedrich Spee von Langenfeld: ''Cautio Criminalis, or a Book on Witch Trials'' (1631), translated by Marcus Hellyer. University of Virginia Press ...ial on his fellow Jesuit [[Friedrich Spee]], another opponent of the witch hunts. ...

{{Short description|Hypothetical mark on the body indicating a person was a witch}} {{About|the hypothetical body mark|the magical symbol|Witch mark|the novel|Witchmark}} ...

...on in 1989 and a third edition in 1999. It is a classic book on [[Wicca]], modern [[witchcraft]], [[spiritual feminism]], the [[Goddess movement]], and [[eco ...tchcraze'' (San Francisco: Harper, 1994) gives 100,000. Other works on the Witch Hunt vary, but between 60–100,000 is the usual range.</ref>) In the book's ...

...|documentary]], presenting a [[feminism|feminist]] account of the [[Early Modern European witchcraft trials]].<ref name="kapica">''Toronto Globe and Mail'', ...raze'' has 100,000 and Ronald Hutton in an unpublished essay "Counting the Witch Hunt" estimates 40,000 total executions.</ref> ...

...uto">Stuart Clark, ''Thinking with demons: the idea of witchcraft in early modern Europe'' (Oxford University Press, 1999; {{ISBN|0-19-820808-1}}), pp. [http ...ly all, cases of alleged witchcraft resulted from delusions of the alleged witch, rather than actual, voluntary cooperation with spiritual evil. In brief, W ...

|notable_works=''[[Caliban and the Witch]]'' (2004) ...|date=2021 |publisher=Penguin Book |isbn=978-0-241-53253-9 |series=Penguin modern classics |location=London |page=x}}</ref> In 1972, with [[Mariarosa Dalla C ...

...written an earlier treatise on [[magic (paranormal)|sorcery]], perhaps as early as 1359, which he extensively reworked into the ''Directorium Inqusitorum'' ...irectorium+inquisitorum&pg=PA200|title=Witchcraft and Inquisition in Early Modern Venice|first=Jonathan|last=Seitz|date=August 8, 2011|publisher=Cambridge Un ...

...of Scotland|donations to the higher education sector]] contributed to the modern development of the [[Scottish universities]].]] ...and started to emerge as a country in the [[Origins of the Kingdom of Alba|Early Middle Ages]]. ...

...tober 2013 |url=http://www.btinternet.com/~dsine/index.html}}</ref> In the early days there were ferry services to [[Earlsferry]] near [[Elie and Earlsferry ...it North Berwick there was no appetite to rebuild a large pier. A smaller, modern concrete pier exists in its place today. ...

===''The Witch in the Western Imagination''=== ...d in so many ways.'<ref>{{cite book |last1=Roper |first1=Lyndal |title=The Witch in the Western Imagination |date=2012 |publisher=University of Virginia Pre ...

{{Short description|English alleged witch (d. 1730)}} ...is commonly but erroneously regarded as the last [[Witch trials in England|witch trial in England]].<ref name="Guskin">{{cite journal|first=Phyllis J.|last= ...

...on]]'', the fairy godmother is the heroine's, but after helping her in the early portion of the tale, she is offended when Finette Cendron does not take her ==Modern fiction== ...

..."Hellyer">Friedrich Spee von Langenfeld: ''Cautio Criminalis, or a Book on Witch Trials'' (1631), translated by Marcus Hellyer. University of Virginia Press ...as born at [[Kaiserswerth]] on the [[Rhine River|Rhine]]. On finishing his early education at [[Cologne]], he entered the [[Society of Jesus]] in 1610, and ...

...l= https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p07nx05j|title= You're Dead to Me: The Witch Craze|publisher=BBC |host=Greg Jenner |date=29 August 2020 |access-date=29 ...adt, now [[Sélestat]], [[Alsace]], he joined the [[Dominican Order]] at an early age and while still a young man was appointed Prior of the Dominican house ...

...itor2-last=Stephenson |editor2-first=J. |title=Order and Disorder in Early Modern England |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=11 ...nt/article/2006/07/11/AR2006071101218.html |title=After Toil and Trouble, 'Witch' Is Cleared |newspaper=Washington Post |first=Ian |last=Shapira |date=July ...

...d Sarah, who evidently escaped with Alice.<ref>Callan, ''The Templars, the Witch, and the Wild Irish'', pp.84, 104 n132.</ref> Drawing on John Pembridge's 1 *Barstow, Anne Llewellyn. ''Witchcraze: A New History of the European Witch Hunts''. San Francisco: HarperCollins, 1995, {{ISBN|9780062510365}}. ...

...of South-Eastern Dutch and North-Eastern Belgian [[folklore]]. They are [[witch]]es, who rode through the sky on the back of flying bucks provided to them ...l bands launched raids across a region that included Limburg, and parts of modern-day [[Germany]]. In response to the robberies towns in Limburg started to b ...