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...in a variety of ways including [[remote sensing]] and [[in situ#Earth and atmospheric sciences|in situ]] observations. The most common in situ sounding is a [[radiosonde]], which usually is a [[weather balloon]], but can also b ...

...bands of microwave radiation from the atmosphere to perform [[atmospheric sounding]] of temperature and moisture levels. ...of AMSU-A also fly on the [[NASA]] [[Aqua (satellite)|Aqua]] Earth science satellite and the [[European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Sate ...

{{Short description|NASA satellite of the Explorer program}} | image_caption = Explorer 8 satellite ...

...[temperature]], and [[humidity]] (PTH) [[sensor]]s to capture [[atmosphere|atmospheric]] profiles and [[thermodynamics|thermodynamic]] [[data]]. It typically rela ...ttps://web.archive.org/web/20190320120641/https://www.eol.ucar.edu/content/sounding-groups/history |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[United States Air Force Reserves ...

{{Atmospheric sciences| atmophys=true}} ...ensing]] instruments. At the dawn of the space age and the introduction of sounding rockets, aeronomy became a subdiscipline concerning the upper layers of the ...

{{Short description|NASA scientific research satellite (2002–Present)}} | image_caption = Artist's rendering of the ''Aqua'' satellite ...

[[File:Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics logo.svg|frameless|right|alt=LASP logo]] The '''Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics''' ('''LASP''') is a [[research institute]] at the [[Univ ...

{{Short description|ESA Earth observation satellite (2002–2012)}} | mission_type = [[Earth observation satellite|Earth observation]] ...

..._trend.png|caption2=Atmospheric temperature trends from 1979-2016 based on satellite measurements; troposphere above, stratosphere below.}} '''Satellite temperature measurements''' are [[Remote sensing#Data processing|inferences ...

{{Short description|Canadian scientific instrument aboard NASA's Terra satellite}} ...e) |date=2023-09-18 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Terra_(satellite)&oldid=1175892876 |work=Wikipedia |access-date=2023-10-24 |language=en}}</r ...

...ding. The sensory ring holds the batteries and electronics for each of the sensors that are mounted underneath the ring (bottom). | applications = [[Weather satellite|Weather]] ...

...uously and autonomously often in combination with other atmospheric remote sensors like for example cloud [[radars]] and [[lidar]]s. They allow the derivation ...he Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dicke also first discovered weak atmospheric microwave absorption using three different radiometers (at wavelengths of 1 ...

{{Short description|American Weather Satellite}} | mission_type = [[Ionosphere]]<br/>[[Atmospheric science]]<br/>[[Space weather|Space weather research]] ...

...|title=How is bathymetric data used? |author= |work=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |date= |access-date=16 December 2024 |url= https://oceanse ...''[[depth contours]]'' or ''[[isobaths]]'') and selected depths (''[[Depth sounding|soundings]]''), and typically also provide surface [[navigation]]al informa ...

{{Short description|NASA satellite climate data instruments}} ...bcode=1996BAMS...77..853W|doi-access=free}}</ref> The CERES are scientific satellite instruments, part of NASA's [[Earth Observing System]] (EOS), designed to m ...

{{short description|Type of satellite designed to record the state of the Earth's atmosphere}} {{distinguish|Atmospheric satellite}} ...

.... Gleason| title=Ozonesonde| work=noaa.gov| publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration| date=March 20, 2008| access-date=2011-07-04}}</ref> ...onal Weather Service|US National Weather Service]], [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] ...

...ref> [[high-altitude balloon]] flights carrying scientific instruments for atmospheric and astronomical research; and, using its Research Airport, [[flight test]] ...ght Facility also supports science missions for the [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] (NOAA) and occasionally for foreign governments and commer ...

Compared to lower bands, radio waves in this band have high [[atmospheric]] [[attenuation]]: they are absorbed by the gases in the atmosphere. Absorp [[File:Micrwavattrp.png|thumb|upright=1.7|Atmospheric attenuation in dB/km as a function of frequency over the extremely high fre ...

==Satellite manufacturers== There are 10 major companies that build large, commercial, [[Geosynchronous]] satellite platforms: ...