Nuphar advena

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Nuphar advena (spatterdock or cow lily or yellow pond-lily) is a species of Nuphar native throughout the eastern United States and in some parts of Canada, such as Nova Scotia,[1][2] as well as Mexico and Cuba.[3][4] It is locally naturalized in Britain.[3]

Description

File:Nuphar advena (9099849881).jpg
Nuphar advena growing in shallow water

Vegetative characteristics

Nuphar advena is a perennial, aquatic herb[3] with 5–10 cm wide,[1] spongy rhizomes.[5] The leaves are emergent,[6][7] floating, or submersed,[7] but most leaves are emergent.[8] The submerged leaves are 12–40 cm long, and 7–30 cm wide.[9]

Generative characteristics

The protogynous, fragrant, nectariferous,[10] solitary,[7][5] yellow-green,[7] up to 4 cm wide flowers[1] float on the water surface, or extend beyond it.[7] The flowers have six sepals.[8][1] The gynoecium consists of 9–23 carpels.[1] The fleshy,[9] ovoid to broadly obovate,[8] ribbed, green, 2–5 cm long, and 2–5 cm wide fruit[1] bears 186–353[10] 3-6 mm long seeds.[1]

Taxonomy

It was first published as Nymphaea advena Template:Au by William Aiton in 1789.[11][4][12] It was placed into the genus Nuphar Template:Au as Nuphar advena Template:Au published by William Townsend Aiton in 1811.[13][14] It is placed in the section Nuphar sect. Astylus.[15]

Natural hybridisation

In the United Kingdom, it has hybridised with Nuphar lutea, resulting in the hybrid Nuphar × porphyranthera.[8][16]

Etymology

The specific epithet advena means immigrant,[17][9] outsider, foreigner, or stranger.[18]

Cytology

The chromosome count is 2n = 34.[19] The chloroplast genome is 160866 bp long.[20]

Distribution

It is native to Canada, the United States, Mexico, and Cuba.[4] It has been introduced to the United Kingdom.[3]

Conservation

The NatureServe conservation status is T5 Secure.[21]

File:Nymphaea Advena (Yellow Pond Lily) in Billings-Kittredge Herbaria (01aeb558-c1cd-4511-b17c-fd2cb3200f06).tif
Herbarium specimen

Ecology

Habitat

It occurs in ponds, lakes, streams, rivers,[6] marshes, and swamps.[7]

Herbivory

The seeds are eaten by turtles and waterfowl.[7]

Pollination

The flowers are pollinated by sweat bees, syrphid flies, and leaf beetles.[10]

Uses

Horticulture

It is cultivated as an ornamental plant.[22]

Food

It is used as food.[23][24][9] The seeds are eaten or ground to flour.[23][24]

References

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  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Template:GRIN
  3. ↑ a b c d Spatter-dock Nuphar advena (Aiton) W.T.Aiton. (n.d.). PlantAtlas. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://plantatlas2020.org/atlas/2cd4p9h.gms
  4. ↑ a b c Nuphar advena (Aiton) W.T.Aiton. (n.d.). Plants of the World Online. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30043701-2
  5. ↑ a b Wisconsin State Herbarium, UW-Madison. (n.d.-a). Nuphar advena (Aiton) W.T.Aiton. Online Virtual Flora of Wisconsin. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://wisflora.herbarium.wisc.edu/taxa/index.php?taxon=4337
  6. ↑ a b University of Michigan Herbarium. (n.d.-a). Nuphar advena (Aiton) W. T. Aiton. Michigan Flora. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://michiganflora.net/record/1725
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g Alabama Herbarium Consortium (AHC) & University of West Alabama. (n.d.). Nuphar advena. APA: Alabama Plant Atlas. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from http://floraofalabama.org/Plant.aspx?id=2702
  8. ↑ a b c d Lansdown, R., & Ruhsam, M. (2022). Yellow water lilies (Nuphar, Nymphaeaceae) in Great Britain: a new hybrid, a reappraisal of records, and a revised status of N. advena. Edinburgh Journal of Botany, 79, 1-15.
  9. ↑ a b c d Native Plant Trust. (n.d.-a). Nuphar advena — immigrant pond-lily. Go Botany. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/nuphar/advena/
  10. ↑ a b c Lippok, B., Gardine, A. A., Williamson, P. S., & Renner, S. S. (2000). Pollination by flies, bees, and beetles of Nuphar ozarkana and N. advena (Nymphaeaceae). American Journal of Botany, 87(6), 898-902.
  11. ↑ Aiton, William, Bauer, Franz Andreas, Sowerby, James, Ehret, Georg Dionysius, & Nicol, George. (1789). Hortus Kewensis, or, A catalogue of the plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew (Vol. 2, Issue 13, p. 226). Printed for George Nicol, Bookseller to his Majesty. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4864646
  12. ↑ Nymphaea advena Aiton. (n.d.). International Plant Names Index. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://www.ipni.org/n/281429-2
  13. ↑ Aiton, William, Aiton, William Townsend, & King’s College London. (1810). Hortus kewensis, or, A catalogue of the plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew (Vol. 3, p. 295). Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47853133
  14. ↑ Nuphar advena (Aiton) W.T.Aiton. (n.d.-b). International Plant Names Index. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://www.ipni.org/n/30043701-2
  15. ↑ Nuphar advena (Aiton) W.T. Aiton. (n.d.). Database of Vascular Plants of Canada (VASCAN). Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/6712
  16. ↑ Nuphar × porphyranthera Lansdown & Ruhsam. (n.d.). International Plant Names Index. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://www.ipni.org/n/77317649-1
  17. ↑ A Grammatical Dictionary of Botanical Latin. (n.d.-b). Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from http://www.mobot.org/mobot/latindict/keyDetail.aspx?keyWord=Advena
  18. ↑ Hibbertia advena T.Hammer & Toelken. (n.d.). International Plant Names Index. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://www.ipni.org/n/77321192-1
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  22. ↑ Nuphar advena (NUPLM). (n.d.). EPPO Global Database. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/NUPLM
  23. ↑ a b Nuphar advena (Aiton) W.T. Aiton Spatterdock. (n.d.). Missouriplants. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://www.missouriplants.com/Nuphar_advena_page.html
  24. ↑ a b Spatterdock | Nuphar advena. (n.d.). Mississippi State University. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://extension.msstate.edu/publications/spatterdock-nuphar-advena

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External links

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