Solar eclipse of September 9, 1904
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Solar eclipse". A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Friday, September 9, 1904,[1][2][3][4] with a magnitude of 1.0709. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1.5 hours after perigee (on September 9, 1904, at 19:10 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[5]
Totality was visible from German New Guinea (the part now belonging to Marshall Islands) on September 10 and Chile on September 9. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Oceania and Western South America.
The event is mentioned in James Joyce's novel Ulysses.
Observations
The National Astronomical Observatory of Chile established an observation station in Taltal, Antofagasta, but the eclipse was clouded out and could not be seen. In the capital city Santiago, a partial eclipse was seen just before sunset.[6]
Eclipse details
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[7]
| Event | Time (UTC) |
|---|---|
| First Penumbral External Contact | 1904 September 9 at 18:07:46.2 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact | 1904 September 9 at 19:01:33.0 UTC |
| First Central Line | 1904 September 9 at 19:02:57.8 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 1904 September 9 at 19:04:22.7 UTC |
| First Penumbral Internal Contact | 1904 September 9 at 19:59:18.7 UTC |
| Greatest Duration | 1904 September 9 at 20:42:32.1 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 1904 September 9 at 20:42:41.4 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse | 1904 September 9 at 20:44:20.7 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 1904 September 9 at 20:49:31.5 UTC |
| Last Penumbral Internal Contact | 1904 September 9 at 21:29:14.6 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 1904 September 9 at 22:24:15.2 UTC |
| Last Central Line | 1904 September 9 at 22:25:39.9 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 1904 September 9 at 22:27:04.6 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 1904 September 9 at 23:20:53.1 UTC |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Eclipse Magnitude | 1.07094 |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 1.14691 |
| Gamma | −0.16252 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 11h11m04.6s |
| Sun Declination | +05°15'01.3" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 15'53.2" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.7" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 11h10m52.8s |
| Moon Declination | +05°05'30.9" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 16'43.6" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 1°01'23.4" |
| ΔT | 3.4 s |
Eclipse season
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
| September 9 Ascending node (new moon) |
September 24 Descending node (full moon) |
|---|---|
| File:SE1904Sep09T.png | File:Lunar eclipse chart close-1904Sep24.png |
| Total solar eclipse Solar Saros 133 |
Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 145 |
Related eclipses
Eclipses in 1904
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on March 2.
- An annular solar eclipse on March 17.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on March 31.
- A total solar eclipse on September 9.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on September 24.
Metonic
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 22, 1900
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of June 28, 1908
Tzolkinex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of July 29, 1897
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of October 22, 1911
Half-Saros
- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of September 4, 1895
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of September 15, 1913
Tritos
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of October 9, 1893
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 10, 1915
Solar Saros 133
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of August 29, 1886
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of September 21, 1922
Inex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of September 29, 1875
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 21, 1933
Triad
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 9, 1817
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of July 11, 1991
Solar eclipses of 1902–1906
This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[8]
The partial solar eclipses on May 7, 1902 and October 31, 1902 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the partial solar eclipse on July 21, 1906 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.
| Solar eclipse series sets from 1902 to 1906 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Descending node | Ascending node | |||||
| Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma | |
| 108 | April 8, 1902 File:SE1902Apr08P.png Partial |
1.5024 | 113 | October 1, 1902 | ||
| 118 | March 29, 1903 File:SE1903Mar29A.png Annular |
0.8413 | 123 | September 21, 1903 File:SE1903Sep21T.png Total |
−0.8967 | |
| 128 | March 17, 1904 File:SE1904Mar17A.png Annular |
0.1299 | 133 | September 9, 1904 File:SE1904Sep09T.png Total |
−0.1625 | |
| 138 | March 6, 1905 File:SE1905Mar06A.png Annular |
−0.5768 | 143 File:PSM V68 D565 Sun corona of August 30 1905 taken with 40 foot camera.png |
August 30, 1905 File:SE1905Aug30T.png Total |
0.5708 | |
| 148 | February 23, 1906 File:SE1906Feb23P.png Partial |
−1.2479 | 153 | August 20, 1906 File:SE1906Aug20P.png Partial |
1.3731 | |
Saros 133
This eclipse is a part of Saros series 133, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 72 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on July 13, 1219. It contains annular eclipses from November 20, 1435 through January 13, 1526; a hybrid eclipse on January 24, 1544; and total eclipses from February 3, 1562 through June 21, 2373. The series ends at member 72 as a partial eclipse on September 5, 2499. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 25 at 1 minutes, 14 seconds on November 30, 1453, and the longest duration of totality was produced by member 61 at 6 minutes, 50 seconds on August 7, 1850. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[9]
| Series members 34–55 occur between 1801 and 2200: | ||
|---|---|---|
| 34 | 35 | 36 |
| File:SE1814Jul17T.png July 17, 1814 |
File:SE1832Jul27T.png July 27, 1832 |
File:SE1850Aug07T.png August 7, 1850 |
| 37 | 38 | 39 |
| File:SE1868Aug18T.png August 18, 1868 |
File:SE1886Aug29T.png August 29, 1886 |
File:SE1904Sep09T.png September 9, 1904 |
| 40 | 41 | 42 |
| File:SE1922Sep21T.png September 21, 1922 |
File:SE1940Oct01T.png October 1, 1940 |
File:SE1958Oct12T.png October 12, 1958 |
| 43 | 44 | 45 |
| File:SE1976Oct23T.png October 23, 1976 |
File:SE1994Nov03T.png November 3, 1994 |
File:SE2012Nov13T.png November 13, 2012 |
| 46 | 47 | 48 |
| File:SE2030Nov25T.png November 25, 2030 |
File:SE2048Dec05T.png December 5, 2048 |
File:SE2066Dec17T.png December 17, 2066 |
| 49 | 50 | 51 |
| File:SE2084Dec27T.png December 27, 2084 |
File:SE2103Jan08T.png January 8, 2103 |
File:SE2121Jan19T.png January 19, 2121 |
| 52 | 53 | 54 |
| File:SE2139Jan30T.png January 30, 2139 |
File:SE2157Feb09T.png February 9, 2157 |
File:SE2175Feb21T.png February 21, 2175 |
| 55 | ||
| File:SE2193Mar03T.png March 3, 2193 | ||
Metonic series
Template:Solar Metonic series 1859–1946
Tritos series
Template:Solar Tritos series 2002 December 4
Inex series
This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2200 | ||
|---|---|---|
| File:SE1817Nov09T.png November 9, 1817 (Saros 130) |
File:SE1846Oct20A.png October 20, 1846 (Saros 131) |
File:SE1875Sep29A.png September 29, 1875 (Saros 132) |
| File:SE1904Sep09T.png September 9, 1904 (Saros 133) |
File:SE1933Aug21A.png August 21, 1933 (Saros 134) |
File:SE1962Jul31A.png July 31, 1962 (Saros 135) |
| File:SE1991Jul11T.png July 11, 1991 (Saros 136) |
File:SE2020Jun21A.png June 21, 2020 (Saros 137) |
File:SE2049May31A.png May 31, 2049 (Saros 138) |
| File:SE2078May11T.png May 11, 2078 (Saros 139) |
File:SE2107Apr23A.png April 23, 2107 (Saros 140) |
File:SE2136Apr01A.png April 1, 2136 (Saros 141) |
| File:SE2165Mar12T.png March 12, 2165 (Saros 142) |
File:SE2194Feb21A.png February 21, 2194 (Saros 143) |
|
Notes
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References
- Earth visibility chart and eclipse statistics Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC
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