Solar eclipse of September 21, 1922
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Solar eclipse". A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Thursday, September 21, 1922,[1] with a magnitude of 1.0678. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 2 hours after perigee (on September 21, 1922, at 6:30 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[2] Perigee did occur as the eclipse was past its greatest eclipse.
Totality started in Ethiopia, Italian Somaliland (today's Somalia), and passed British Maldives and Christmas Island in the Straits Settlements (now in Australia) in the Indian Ocean, and Australia. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of East Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, and Oceania.
Observations
Observations of the total solar eclipse of May 29, 1919 got results consistent with gravitational lens proposed by Einstein's general relativity. To reconfirm the result, observatories in South Australia and New South Wales each organized a large scientific expedition. A total of 20 teams went to sparsely populated Wallal on the northern coast of Western Australia. Among them, the American team from the Lick Observatory arrived in Sydney on August 5, took a train westward and arrived in Perth on August 16. The team took a ship on August 20 from Fremantle, a port southwest of Perth, to Broome, and then finally arrived at Wallal. Although not organizing any observations, the Australian government provided financial support to the teams. For example, the round-trip travel expenses between Sydney and Wallal were paid by the federal government.[3][4]
Eclipse details
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[5]
| Event | Time (UTC) |
|---|---|
| First Penumbral External Contact | 1922 September 21 at 02:04:28.6 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact | 1922 September 21 at 02:58:45.3 UTC |
| First Central Line | 1922 September 21 at 03:00:06.4 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 1922 September 21 at 03:01:27.5 UTC |
| First Penumbral Internal Contact | 1922 September 21 at 03:57:50.9 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 1922 September 21 at 04:38:20.9 UTC |
| Greatest Duration | 1922 September 21 at 04:40:07.8 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse | 1922 September 21 at 04:40:31.1 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 1922 September 21 at 04:47:31.9 UTC |
| Last Penumbral Internal Contact | 1922 September 21 at 05:23:00.2 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 1922 September 21 at 06:19:29.4 UTC |
| Last Central Line | 1922 September 21 at 06:20:50.6 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 1922 September 21 at 06:22:11.7 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 1922 September 21 at 07:16:30.2 UTC |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Eclipse Magnitude | 1.06783 |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 1.14026 |
| Gamma | −0.21299 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 11h50m29.6s |
| Sun Declination | +01°01'49.3" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 15'56.0" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.8" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 11h50m13.7s |
| Moon Declination | +00°49'23.8" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 16'43.8" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 1°01'24.1" |
| ΔT | 22.8 s |
Eclipse season
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
| September 21 Ascending node (new moon) |
October 6 Descending node (full moon) |
|---|---|
| File:SE1922Sep21T.png | File:Lunar eclipse chart close-1922Mar13.png |
| Annular solar eclipse Solar Saros 133 |
Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 145 |
Related eclipses
Eclipses in 1922
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on March 13.
- An annular solar eclipse on March 28.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on April 11.
- A total solar eclipse on September 21.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on October 6.
Metonic
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of December 3, 1918
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of July 9, 1926
Tzolkinex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of August 10, 1915
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of November 1, 1929
Half-Saros
- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of September 15, 1913
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of September 26, 1931
Tritos
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of October 22, 1911
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 21, 1933
Solar Saros 133
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of September 9, 1904
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of October 1, 1940
Inex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of October 9, 1893
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of September 1, 1951
Triad
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 20, 1835
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of July 22, 2009
Solar eclipses of 1921–1924
This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[6]
The partial solar eclipse on July 31, 1924 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.
| Solar eclipse series sets from 1921 to 1924 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Descending node | Ascending node | |||||
| Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma | |
| 118 | April 8, 1921 File:SE1921Apr08A.png Annular |
0.8869 | 123 | October 1, 1921 File:SE1921Oct01T.png Total |
−0.9383 | |
| 128 | March 28, 1922 File:SE1922Mar28A.png Annular |
0.1711 | 133 | September 21, 1922 File:SE1922Sep21T.png Total |
−0.213 | |
| 138 | March 17, 1923 File:SE1923Mar17A.png Annular |
−0.5438 | 143 | September 10, 1923 File:SE1923Sep10T.png Total |
0.5149 | |
| 148 | March 5, 1924 File:SE1924Mar05P.png Partial |
−1.2232 | 153 | August 30, 1924 File:SE1924Aug30P.png Partial |
1.3123 | |
Saros 133
This eclipse is a part of Saros series 133, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 72 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on July 13, 1219. It contains annular eclipses from November 20, 1435 through January 13, 1526; a hybrid eclipse on January 24, 1544; and total eclipses from February 3, 1562 through June 21, 2373. The series ends at member 72 as a partial eclipse on September 5, 2499. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 25 at 1 minutes, 14 seconds on November 30, 1453, and the longest duration of totality was produced by member 61 at 6 minutes, 50 seconds on August 7, 1850. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[7]
| Series members 34–55 occur between 1801 and 2200: | ||
|---|---|---|
| 34 | 35 | 36 |
| File:SE1814Jul17T.png July 17, 1814 |
File:SE1832Jul27T.png July 27, 1832 |
File:SE1850Aug07T.png August 7, 1850 |
| 37 | 38 | 39 |
| File:SE1868Aug18T.png August 18, 1868 |
File:SE1886Aug29T.png August 29, 1886 |
File:SE1904Sep09T.png September 9, 1904 |
| 40 | 41 | 42 |
| File:SE1922Sep21T.png September 21, 1922 |
File:SE1940Oct01T.png October 1, 1940 |
File:SE1958Oct12T.png October 12, 1958 |
| 43 | 44 | 45 |
| File:SE1976Oct23T.png October 23, 1976 |
File:SE1994Nov03T.png November 3, 1994 |
File:SE2012Nov13T.png November 13, 2012 |
| 46 | 47 | 48 |
| File:SE2030Nov25T.png November 25, 2030 |
File:SE2048Dec05T.png December 5, 2048 |
File:SE2066Dec17T.png December 17, 2066 |
| 49 | 50 | 51 |
| File:SE2084Dec27T.png December 27, 2084 |
File:SE2103Jan08T.png January 8, 2103 |
File:SE2121Jan19T.png January 19, 2121 |
| 52 | 53 | 54 |
| File:SE2139Jan30T.png January 30, 2139 |
File:SE2157Feb09T.png February 9, 2157 |
File:SE2175Feb21T.png February 21, 2175 |
| 55 | ||
| File:SE2193Mar03T.png March 3, 2193 | ||
Metonic series
Template:Solar Metonic series 1880–1964
Tritos series
Template:Solar Tritos series 2010 January 15
Inex series
Template:Solar Inex series 2009 July 22
References
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External links
- Fotos of Solar Corona September 21, 1922
- Earth visibility chart and eclipse statistics Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC
- 1922 Solar Eclipse in Australia
- Wallal: The 1922 Eclipse Expedition
- Photographs from the Wallal Australia expedition from the Lick Observatory Records Digital Archive, UC Santa Cruz Library's Digital Collections Script error: No such module "webarchive".
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