Solar eclipse of October 3, 1986
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A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Friday, October 3, 1986,[1] with a magnitude of 1. It was a hybrid event, with only a fraction of its path as total, and longer sections at the start and end as an annular eclipse. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. The Moon's apparent diameter was near the average diameter because it occurred 8.3 days after apogee (on September 25, 1986, at 11:00 UTC) and 3.7 days before perigee (on October 7, 1986, at 10:50 UTC).[2]
Totality occurred for a very short time (calculated at 0.08 seconds) in an area in the Atlantic Ocean, just east of the southern tip of Greenland. The path, on the surface of the Earth, was a narrow, tapered, horse-shoe, and visible only from a thin strip between Iceland and Greenland. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of North America, Central America, the Caribbean, northern South America, and Iceland. This eclipse was the last central eclipse of Solar Saros 124 and the only hybrid eclipse of that cycle.
Observations
The only witnesses of a few seconds of brief totality were the "Gang of Nine" eclipse chasers aboard a plane at an altitude of 40,000 feet.[3]
The eclipse also resulted in litigation involving a Florida fourth grader whose eyes were allegedly damaged when he viewed the partial eclipse on school grounds. A lower court had dismissed the case on the grounds that the school had no duty to supervise the child after school hours. But the Florida Court of Appeals ruled in 1994 that the jury instruction on that question was improper, and remanded the case.[4]
Eclipse details
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[5]
| Event | Time (UTC) |
|---|---|
| First Penumbral External Contact | 1986 October 3 at 16:58:20.8 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 1986 October 3 at 18:07:22.2 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 1986 October 3 at 18:55:40.6 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact | 1986 October 3 at 18:55:55.1 UTC |
| First Central Line | 1986 October 3 at 18:56:25.6 UTC |
| Greatest Duration | 1986 October 3 at 18:56:25.6 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 1986 October 3 at 18:56:57.6 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse | 1986 October 3 at 19:06:15.0 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 1986 October 3 at 19:16:11.3 UTC |
| Last Central Line | 1986 October 3 at 19:16:40.7 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 1986 October 3 at 19:17:08.5 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 1986 October 3 at 21:14:27.6 UTC |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Eclipse Magnitude | 1.00002 |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 1.00004 |
| Gamma | 0.99305 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 12h37m45.8s |
| Sun Declination | -04°04'06.7" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 15'59.2" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.8" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 12h39m37.6s |
| Moon Declination | -03°13'11.4" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 15'58.2" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 0°58'36.8" |
| ΔT | 55.2 s |
Eclipse season
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
| October 3 Descending node (new moon) |
October 17 Ascending node (full moon) |
|---|---|
| File:SE1986Oct03H.png | File:Lunar eclipse chart close-1986Oct17.png |
| Hybrid solar eclipse Solar Saros 124 |
Total lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 136 |
Related eclipses
Eclipses in 1986
- A partial solar eclipse on April 9.
- A total lunar eclipse on April 24.
- A hybrid solar eclipse on October 3.
- A total lunar eclipse on October 17.
Metonic
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of December 15, 1982
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of July 22, 1990
Tzolkinex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of August 22, 1979
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of November 13, 1993
Half-Saros
- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of September 27, 1977
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of October 8, 1995
Tritos
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 3, 1975
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of September 2, 1997
Solar Saros 124
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of September 22, 1968
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of October 14, 2004
Inex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of October 23, 1957
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of September 13, 2015
Triad
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of December 3, 1899
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 3, 2073
Solar eclipses of 1986–1989
This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[6]
| Solar eclipse series sets from 1986 to 1989 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ascending node | Descending node | |||||
| Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma | |
| 119 | April 9, 1986 File:SE1986Apr09P.png Partial |
−1.0822 | 124 | October 3, 1986 File:SE1986Oct03H.png Hybrid |
0.9931 | |
| 129 | March 29, 1987 File:SE1987Mar29H.png Hybrid |
−0.3053 | 134 | September 23, 1987 File:SE1987Sep23A.png Annular |
0.2787 | |
| 139 | March 18, 1988 File:SE1988Mar18T.png Total |
0.4188 | 144 | September 11, 1988 File:SE1988Sep11A.png Annular |
−0.4681 | |
| 149 | March 7, 1989 File:SE1989Mar07P.png Partial |
1.0981 | 154 | August 31, 1989 File:SE1989Aug31P.png Partial |
−1.1928 | |
Saros 124
Template:Solar Saros series 124
Metonic series
The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.
| 21 eclipse events between July 22, 1971 and July 22, 2047 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| July 22 | May 9–11 | February 26–27 | December 14–15 | October 2–3 |
| 116 | 118 | 120 | 122 | 124 |
| File:SE1971Jul22P.png July 22, 1971 |
File:SE1975May11P.png May 11, 1975 |
File:SE1979Feb26T.png February 26, 1979 |
File:SE1982Dec15P.png December 15, 1982 |
File:SE1986Oct03H.png October 3, 1986 |
| 126 | 128 | 130 | 132 | 134 |
| File:SE1990Jul22T.png July 22, 1990 |
File:SE1994May10A.png May 10, 1994 |
File:SE1998Feb26T.png February 26, 1998 |
File:SE2001Dec14A.png December 14, 2001 |
File:SE2005Oct03A.png October 3, 2005 |
| 136 | 138 | 140 | 142 | 144 |
| File:SE2009Jul22T.png July 22, 2009 |
File:SE2013May10A.png May 10, 2013 |
File:SE2017Feb26A.png February 26, 2017 |
File:SE2020Dec14T.png December 14, 2020 |
File:SE2024Oct02A.png October 2, 2024 |
| 146 | 148 | 150 | 152 | 154 |
| File:SE2028Jul22T.png July 22, 2028 |
File:SE2032May09A.png May 9, 2032 |
File:SE2036Feb27P.png February 27, 2036 |
File:SE2039Dec15T.png December 15, 2039 |
File:SE2043Oct03A.png October 3, 2043 |
| 156 | ||||
| File:SE2047Jul22P.png July 22, 2047 | ||||
Tritos series
Template:Solar Tritos series 2008 August 1
Inex series
Template:Solar Inex series 2015 September 13
References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Florida Court Reinstates Lawsuit Alleging Eye Damage from Eclipse https://myeclipseglasses.com/litigation.html retrieved 2 Mar. 2023.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- Earth visibility chart and eclipse statistics Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC
External links
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