Solar eclipse of October 24, 1995

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Solar eclipse". A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Tuesday, October 24, 1995,[1] with a magnitude of 1.0213. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 2.7 days before perigee (on October 26, 1995, at 21:00 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[2]

The path of totality went through Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, southwestern tip of Bangladesh, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Spratly Islands, northeastern tip of Sabah of Malaysia, Philippines and Indonesia. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Northeast Africa, Asia, Australia, and northern Oceania.

Observation

India

An aerial observation of this eclipse was done over India,[3] when a MiG-25 reconnaissance aircraft of the Indian Air Force was used to take images of this eclipse at an altitude of 25 km.[4]

The Indian Institute of Astrophysics established camps along the path of totality in Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Iradatganj and Diamond Harbour near Kolkata. Astronomers from other institutions and abroad from the Slovakia, Brazil, Russia, Japan and Germany joined IIA at its camps. An IIA team also photographed the eclipse by chasing the Moon’s shadow in an Indian Air Force plane AN-32 from the crew escape hatch on the roof of the cockpit at an altitude of Script error: No such module "convert". above the sea level, which was the first time efforts made by the institute. Doordarshan and All India Radio made live coverages of the eclipse. The eclipse happened to occur on the day of the Diwali.[5]

China

Within the Spratly Islands claimed by China, only Cuarteron Reef was controlled by China and lay in the path of totality. Instead of going to the faraway island, The Popular Science Committee of the Chinese Astronomical Society, Beijing Astronomical Society, Beijing Planetarium and Beijing Astronomical Observatory (now incorporated into the National Astronomical Observatories of China) jointly organized observations abroad for the first time. A team of 4 was sent to Sikhio district, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand by the Beijing Planetarium, and successfully photographed the whole process of the eclipse, the corona at the greatest eclipse, and the Baily's beads at the 2nd and 3rd contact.[6]

In addition, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Electronics Industry, China Earthquake Administration, State Education Commission (now Ministry of Education) and departments in charge of water conservancy and meteorology conducted joint observations on changes of solar radiation, ionosphere, geomagnetic field, radio and acoustic heavy waves, mainly in the Paracel Islands, Sanya, Haikou and Zhengzhou. From all these places, only a partial solar eclipse was visible instead of a total solar eclipse.[7]

List of major cities in the path of totality

In popular culture

Phil Whitaker's prize-winning debut novel Eclipse of the Sun published in 1997 and set in India has at its centre a dramatic attempt to organize a public viewing of the eclipse.

Images

File:SE1995Oct24T.gif

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[9]

October 24, 1995 Solar Eclipse Times
Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 1995 October 24 at 01:52:54.3 UTC
First Umbral External Contact 1995 October 24 at 02:53:31.6 UTC
First Central Line 1995 October 24 at 02:53:39.8 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact 1995 October 24 at 02:53:47.9 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact 1995 October 24 at 04:03:07.3 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 1995 October 24 at 04:23:32.2 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 1995 October 24 at 04:33:30.5 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 1995 October 24 at 04:37:13.7 UTC
Greatest Duration 1995 October 24 at 04:37:39.5 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact 1995 October 24 at 05:04:10.7 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact 1995 October 24 at 06:13:17.4 UTC
Last Central Line 1995 October 24 at 06:13:27.9 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact 1995 October 24 at 06:13:38.5 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 1995 October 24 at 07:14:06.3 UTC
October 24, 1995 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 1.02135
Eclipse Obscuration 1.04315
Gamma 0.35176
Sun Right Ascension 13h52m45.4s
Sun Declination -11°34'24.4"
Sun Semi-Diameter 16'04.7"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.8"
Moon Right Ascension 13h53m07.2s
Moon Declination -11°14'17.0"
Moon Semi-Diameter 16'10.1"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 0°59'20.4"
ΔT 61.4 s

Eclipse season

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of October 1995
October 8
Descending node (full moon)
 October 24
Ascending node (new moon)
File:Lunar eclipse chart close-1995Oct08.png File:SE1995Oct24T.png
Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 117		 Total solar eclipse
Solar Saros 143

Related eclipses

Eclipses in 1995

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Solar Saros 143

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses of 1993–1996

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[10]

Solar eclipse series sets from 1993 to 1996
Descending node   Ascending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
118 May 21, 1993
File:SE1993May21P.png
Partial 		1.1372 123 November 13, 1993
File:SE1993Nov13P.png
Partial 		−1.0411
128
File:Solar Eclipse 1994 (7160293094).jpg
Partial in Bismarck, ND, USA 		May 10, 1994
File:SE1994May10A.png
Annular 		0.4077 133
File:Diamond Ring, Total Solar Eclipse, Bolivia, 1994 (3183977692).jpg
Totality in Bolivia 		November 3, 1994
File:SE1994Nov03T.png
Total 		−0.3522
138 April 29, 1995
File:SE1995Apr29A.png
Annular 		−0.3382 143
File:Hao WLCC 941103.jpg
Totality in Dundlod, India 		October 24, 1995
File:SE1995Oct24T.png
Total 		0.3518
148 April 17, 1996
File:SE1996Apr17P.png
Partial 		−1.058 153 October 12, 1996
File:SE1996Oct12P.png
Partial 		1.1227

Saros 143

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 143, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 72 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on March 7, 1617. It contains total eclipses from June 24, 1797 through October 24, 1995; hybrid eclipses from November 3, 2013 through December 6, 2067; and annular eclipses from December 16, 2085 through September 16, 2536. The series ends at member 72 as a partial eclipse on April 23, 2897. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 16 at 3 minutes, 50 seconds on August 19, 1887, and the longest duration of annularity will be produced by member 51 at 4 minutes, 54 seconds on September 6, 2518. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[11]

Series members 12–33 occur between 1801 and 2200:
12 13 14
File:SE1815Jul06T.png
July 6, 1815 		File:SE1833Jul17T.png
July 17, 1833 		File:SE1851Jul28T.png
July 28, 1851
15 16 17
File:SE1869Aug07T.png
August 7, 1869 		File:SE1887Aug19T.png
August 19, 1887 		File:SE1905Aug30T.png
August 30, 1905
18 19 20
File:SE1923Sep10T.png
September 10, 1923 		File:SE1941Sep21T.png
September 21, 1941 		File:SE1959Oct02T.png
October 2, 1959
21 22 23
File:SE1977Oct12T.png
October 12, 1977 		File:SE1995Oct24T.png
October 24, 1995 		File:SE2013Nov03H.png
November 3, 2013
24 25 26
File:SE2031Nov14H.png
November 14, 2031 		File:SE2049Nov25H.png
November 25, 2049 		File:SE2067Dec06H.png
December 6, 2067
27 28 29
File:SE2085Dec16A.png
December 16, 2085 		File:SE2103Dec29A.png
December 29, 2103 		File:SE2122Jan08A.png
January 8, 2122
30 31 32
File:SE2140Jan20A.png
January 20, 2140 		File:SE2158Jan30A.png
January 30, 2158 		File:SE2176Feb10A.png
February 10, 2176
33
File:SE2194Feb21A.png
February 21, 2194

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

22 eclipse events between January 5, 1935 and August 11, 2018
January 4–5 October 23–24 August 10–12 May 30–31 March 18–19
111 113 115 117 119
File:SE1935Jan05P.png
January 5, 1935 		File:SE1942Aug12P.png
August 12, 1942 		File:SE1946May30P.png
May 30, 1946 		File:SE1950Mar18A.png
March 18, 1950
121 123 125 127 129
File:SE1954Jan05A.png
January 5, 1954 		File:SE1957Oct23T.png
October 23, 1957 		File:SE1961Aug11A.png
August 11, 1961 		File:SE1965May30T.png
May 30, 1965 		File:SE1969Mar18A.png
March 18, 1969
131 133 135 137 139
File:SE1973Jan04A.png
January 4, 1973 		File:SE1976Oct23T.png
October 23, 1976 		File:SE1980Aug10A.png
August 10, 1980 		File:SE1984May30A.png
May 30, 1984 		File:SE1988Mar18T.png
March 18, 1988
141 143 145 147 149
File:SE1992Jan04A.png
January 4, 1992 		File:SE1995Oct24T.png
October 24, 1995 		File:SE1999Aug11T.png
August 11, 1999 		File:SE2003May31A.png
May 31, 2003 		File:SE2007Mar19P.png
March 19, 2007
151 153 155
File:SE2011Jan04P.png
January 4, 2011 		File:SE2014Oct23P.png
October 23, 2014 		File:SE2018Aug11P.png
August 11, 2018

Tritos series

Template:Solar Tritos series 2006 September 22

Inex series

Template:Solar Inex series 2024 October 2

Notes

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  3. ↑ The MIGnificient Flying Machines - MiG-25R Script error: No such module "webarchive". Bharat Rakshak.com 22 August 2017
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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References

Photos:

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