Solar eclipse of October 2, 1959
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Solar eclipse". A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Friday, October 2, 1959,[1] with a magnitude of 1.0325. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 2.4 days before perigee (on October 4, 1959, at 21:10 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[2]
Totality was visible from northeastern Massachusetts and the southern tip of New Hampshire in the United States, the Canary Islands, Morocco, Spanish Sahara (today's West Sahara) including the capital city Laayoune, French Mauritania (today's Mauritania), Mali Federation (part now belonging to Mali), French Niger (today's Niger), British Nigeria (today's Nigeria), British Cameroons and French Cameroons (now belonging to Cameroon), French Chad (today's Chad) including the capital city Fort-Lamy, French Central Africa (today's Central African Republic), Sudan (part of the path of totality is now in South Sudan), Ethiopia, and the Trust Territory of Somaliland (today's Somalia). A partial eclipse was visible for parts of eastern North America, the eastern Caribbean, Europe, Africa, West Asia, and Central Asia.
Observations
Totality began over Boston, Massachusetts at sunrise. Viewing the eclipse was rained out, but it was reported that the brightening of the sky after the eclipse was a startling and impressive sight.[3] A few photographers captured the eclipse from airplanes above the clouds, and a multiple exposure was made atop the R. C. A. building in New York City.[4] The next total eclipse over Boston, the solar eclipse of May 1, 2079, will also be a sunrise event.[5]
The event was also observed at the Canarian Island of Fuerteventura by a team of Dutch astronomers of the university of Utrecht and Amsterdam.[6][7]
Maurice Allais, a French polymath, reported the alleged anomalous behavior of pendulums or gravimeters, later named as Allais effect. He first reported the effect after observing the solar eclipse of June 30, 1954, and reported another observation of the effect during this solar eclipse using the paraconical pendulum he invented.[8]
Eclipse details
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[9]
| Event | Time (UTC) |
|---|---|
| First Penumbral External Contact | 1959 October 2 at 09:49:42.6 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact | 1959 October 2 at 10:50:25.8 UTC |
| First Central Line | 1959 October 2 at 10:50:55.8 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 1959 October 2 at 10:51:25.7 UTC |
| First Penumbral Internal Contact | 1959 October 2 at 12:08:39.3 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 1959 October 2 at 12:12:52.0 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse | 1959 October 2 at 12:27:00.1 UTC |
| Greatest Duration | 1959 October 2 at 12:29:26.6 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 1959 October 2 at 12:31:24.6 UTC |
| Last Penumbral Internal Contact | 1959 October 2 at 12:45:44.7 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 1959 October 2 at 14:02:42.2 UTC |
| Last Central Line | 1959 October 2 at 14:03:14.3 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 1959 October 2 at 14:03:46.4 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 1959 October 2 at 15:04:19.6 UTC |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Eclipse Magnitude | 1.03251 |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 1.06608 |
| Gamma | 0.42075 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 12h31m27.3s |
| Sun Declination | -03°23'42.1" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 15'58.8" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.8" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 12h31m57.6s |
| Moon Declination | -02°59'50.0" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 16'15.2" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 0°59'39.0" |
| ΔT | 33.0 s |
Eclipse season
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
| September 17 Descending node (full moon) |
October 2 Ascending node (new moon) |
|---|---|
| File:Lunar eclipse chart close-1959Sep17.png | File:SE1959Oct02T.png |
| Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 117 |
Total solar eclipse Solar Saros 143 |
Related eclipses
Eclipses in 1959
- A partial lunar eclipse on March 24.
- An annular solar eclipse on April 8.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on September 17.
- A total solar eclipse on October 2.
Metonic
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of December 14, 1955
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of July 20, 1963
Tzolkinex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of August 20, 1952
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of November 12, 1966
Half-Saros
- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of September 26, 1950
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of October 6, 1968
Tritos
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 1, 1948
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 31, 1970
Solar Saros 143
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of September 21, 1941
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of October 12, 1977
Inex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of October 21, 1930
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of September 11, 1988
Triad
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 30, 1872
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 2, 2046
Solar eclipses of 1957–1960
This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[10]
| Solar eclipse series sets from 1957 to 1960 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Descending node | Ascending node | |||||
| Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma | |
| 118 | April 30, 1957 File:SE1957Apr30A.png Annular (non-central) |
0.9992 | 123 | October 23, 1957 File:SE1957Oct23T.png Total (non-central) |
1.0022 | |
| 128 | April 19, 1958 File:SE1958Apr19A.png Annular |
0.275 | 133 | October 12, 1958 File:SE1958Oct12T.png Total |
−0.2951 | |
| 138 | April 8, 1959 File:SE1959Apr08A.png Annular |
−0.4546 | 143 | October 2, 1959 File:SE1959Oct02T.png Total |
0.4207 | |
| 148 | March 27, 1960 File:SE1960Mar27P.png Partial |
−1.1537 | 153 | September 20, 1960 File:SE1960Sep20P.png Partial |
1.2057 | |
Saros 143
This eclipse is a part of Saros series 143, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 72 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on March 7, 1617. It contains total eclipses from June 24, 1797 through October 24, 1995; hybrid eclipses from November 3, 2013 through December 6, 2067; and annular eclipses from December 16, 2085 through September 16, 2536. The series ends at member 72 as a partial eclipse on April 23, 2897. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
The longest duration of totality was produced by member 16 at 3 minutes, 50 seconds on August 19, 1887, and the longest duration of annularity will be produced by member 51 at 4 minutes, 54 seconds on September 6, 2518. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[11]
| Series members 12–33 occur between 1801 and 2200: | ||
|---|---|---|
| 12 | 13 | 14 |
| File:SE1815Jul06T.png July 6, 1815 |
File:SE1833Jul17T.png July 17, 1833 |
File:SE1851Jul28T.png July 28, 1851 |
| 15 | 16 | 17 |
| File:SE1869Aug07T.png August 7, 1869 |
File:SE1887Aug19T.png August 19, 1887 |
File:SE1905Aug30T.png August 30, 1905 |
| 18 | 19 | 20 |
| File:SE1923Sep10T.png September 10, 1923 |
File:SE1941Sep21T.png September 21, 1941 |
File:SE1959Oct02T.png October 2, 1959 |
| 21 | 22 | 23 |
| File:SE1977Oct12T.png October 12, 1977 |
File:SE1995Oct24T.png October 24, 1995 |
File:SE2013Nov03H.png November 3, 2013 |
| 24 | 25 | 26 |
| File:SE2031Nov14H.png November 14, 2031 |
File:SE2049Nov25H.png November 25, 2049 |
File:SE2067Dec06H.png December 6, 2067 |
| 27 | 28 | 29 |
| File:SE2085Dec16A.png December 16, 2085 |
File:SE2103Dec29A.png December 29, 2103 |
File:SE2122Jan08A.png January 8, 2122 |
| 30 | 31 | 32 |
| File:SE2140Jan20A.png January 20, 2140 |
File:SE2158Jan30A.png January 30, 2158 |
File:SE2176Feb10A.png February 10, 2176 |
| 33 | ||
| File:SE2194Feb21A.png February 21, 2194 | ||
Metonic series
Template:Solar Metonic series 1898–1982
Tritos series
Template:Solar Tritos series 2003 May 31
Inex series
Template:Solar Inex series 2017 August 21
See also
Notes
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, Vol. 54, p.43,
- ↑ Sky and Telescope, Vol. XIX, No. 1, p. 4.
- ↑ The Shadowy Details of Today's Solar Eclipse | Space
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Report of the Netherlands expedition for the observation of the total solar eclipse on october 2, 1959. Houtgast, J., Proceedings of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. 63, Nr. 5, p. 611 (1960)
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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References
- Earth visibility chart and eclipse statistics Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC
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