Solar eclipse of May 28, 1900
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Solar eclipse". A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Monday, May 28, 1900,[1][2] with a magnitude of 1.0249. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 3.9 days after perigee (on May 24, 1900, at 17:30 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[3]
The path of totality was visible from parts of Mexico, the states of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia in the United States, Portugal, Spain, Algeria, Tripoli, and Egypt. A partial solar eclipse was also visible for parts of North America, Central America, the Caribbean, northern South America, Europe, West Africa, and North Africa.
Viewing
In 1900 the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, then based in Washington, D.C., loaded several railroad cars with scientific equipment and headed to Wadesboro, North Carolina. Scientists had determined that this small town would be the best location in North America for viewing the total solar eclipse, and the Smithsonian Solar Eclipse Expedition hoped to capture photographic images of the solar corona during the event for further study.[4] The team included Thomas Smillie, the mission's photographer. Smillie rigged cameras to seven telescopes and successfully made eight glass-plate negatives, ranging in size from eleven by fourteen inches to thirty by thirty inches. Smillie's work was considered an amazing photographic and scientific achievement.[5]
In addition to the team from the Smithsonian:
[s]cientific expeditions were mounted from some of the world’s preeminent astronomy programs including Princeton University, the University of Chicago, . . . and the British Astronomical Association. S. P. Langley and C. A. Young, two of the founders of modern astronomy, were also there.
According to Wadesboro's newspaper, the Anson Independent, the public came out in droves. Extra trains—including a special excursion train from Charlotte—brought out hundreds of people, and by the time the eclipse’s effects were beginning to be seen around 7:30 a.m., the streets were packed, and people were vying for better spots from rooftops and windows..
The same local newspaper described the total eclipse itself as lasting for less than a minute and a half, and recorded that though a large crowd was on hand, it was nearly silent during that entire time. The paper also mentioned that the drop in temperature from the shadow caused by the eclipse was quite significant.[4]
The eclipse was filmed by Nevil Maskelyne in North Carolina.[6] It was also observed from Mahelma in Algeria by John Evershed.[7]
| File:Solar eclipse 1900May28-map.png A map from 1900 |
File:Solar eclipse 1900May28-stars.png The stars during total eclipse |
File:Solar Eclipse (1900) - the first moving image of an astronomical phenomenon BFI.ogg Recording of the eclipse |
Eclipse details
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[8]
| Event | Time (UTC) |
|---|---|
| First Penumbral External Contact | 1900 May 28 at 12:12:21.6 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact | 1900 May 28 at 13:14:08.2 UTC |
| First Central Line | 1900 May 28 at 13:14:27.0 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 1900 May 28 at 13:14:45.8 UTC |
| First Penumbral Internal Contact | 1900 May 28 at 14:29:28.7 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 1900 May 28 at 14:49:42.6 UTC |
| Greatest Duration | 1900 May 28 at 14:52:29.6 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse | 1900 May 28 at 14:53:55.5 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 1900 May 28 at 14:56:57.5 UTC |
| Last Penumbral Internal Contact | 1900 May 28 at 15:18:16.5 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 1900 May 28 at 16:33:06.4 UTC |
| Last Central Line | 1900 May 28 at 16:33:22.5 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 1900 May 28 at 16:33:38.7 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 1900 May 28 at 17:35:33.8 UTC |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Eclipse Magnitude | 1.02494 |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 1.05051 |
| Gamma | 0.39427 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 04h19m46.8s |
| Sun Declination | +21°27'14.4" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 15'46.6" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.7" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 04h19m39.8s |
| Moon Declination | +21°50'10.6" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 15'55.8" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 0°58'27.9" |
| ΔT | -2.2 s |
Eclipse season
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
| May 28 Descending node (new moon) |
June 13 Ascending node (full moon) |
|---|---|
| File:SE1900May28T.png | |
| Total solar eclipse Solar Saros 126 |
Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 138 |
Related eclipses
Eclipses in 1900
- A total solar eclipse on May 28.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on June 13.
- An annular solar eclipse on November 22.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on December 6.
Metonic
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of August 9, 1896
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of March 17, 1904
Tzolkinex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of April 16, 1893
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of July 10, 1907
Half-Saros
- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of May 23, 1891
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of June 4, 1909
Tritos
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of June 28, 1889
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of April 28, 1911
Solar Saros 126
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of May 17, 1882
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of June 8, 1918
Inex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of June 18, 1871
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of May 9, 1929
Triad
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of July 27, 1813
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of March 29, 1987
Solar eclipses of 1898–1902
This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[9]
The solar eclipses on January 22, 1898 (total) and July 18, 1898 (annular) occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the partial solar eclipse on April 8, 1902 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.
| Solar eclipse series sets from 1898 to 1902 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ascending node | Descending node | |||||
| Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma | |
| 111 | December 13, 1898 File:SE1898Dec13P.gif Partial |
−1.5252 | 116 | June 8, 1899 File:SE1899Jun08P.gif Partial |
1.2089 | |
| 121 | December 3, 1899 File:SE1899Dec03A.gif Annular |
−0.9061 | 126 File:Thomas Smillie - Smithsonian Institution - Corona of the Sun during a Solar Eclipse (pd).jpg Totality in Wadesboro, North Carolina |
May 28, 1900 File:SE1900May28T.png Total |
0.3943 | |
| 131 | November 22, 1900 File:SE1900Nov22A.gif Annular |
−0.2245 | 136 | May 18, 1901 File:SE1901May18T.png Total |
−0.3626 | |
| 141 | November 11, 1901 File:SE1901Nov11A.png Annular |
0.4758 | 146 | May 7, 1902 File:SE1902May07P.png Partial |
−1.0831 | |
| 151 | October 31, 1902 File:SE1902Oct31P.png Partial |
1.1556 | ||||
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Saros 126
This eclipse is a part of Saros series 126, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 72 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on March 10, 1179. It contains annular eclipses from June 4, 1323 through April 4, 1810; hybrid eclipses from April 14, 1828 through May 6, 1864; and total eclipses from May 17, 1882 through August 23, 2044. The series ends at member 72 as a partial eclipse on May 3, 2459. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 11 at 6 minutes, 30 seconds on June 26, 1359, and the longest duration of totality was produced by member 45 at 2 minutes, 36 seconds on July 10, 1972. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.[10]
Metonic series
Template:Solar Metonic series 1866–1953
Tritos series
Template:Solar Tritos series 2009 July 22
Inex series
Template:Solar Inex series 2016 March 9
Notes
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- ↑ "‘Captivating’ – BFI shares first footage of a solar eclipse from 1900" (retrieved 30 May 2019)
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References
- Template:Commonscatinline
- NASA graphic
- Photos and sketches of the Solar Corona May 28, 1900
- The Total Solar Eclipse, 1900 Report of the expeditions organized by the British Astronomical Association to observe the total solar eclipse of 1900, May 28, A Publication of the British Astronomical Association, Chapter VII: "Elche" (Spain), by Mr. E. W. Johnson
- Total Eclipses of the Sun, By Mabel Loomis Todd, 1894, new and revised edition by David Peck Todd, 1900.
- Lewis E. Jewell et al. "Reports concerning the total solar eclipse of May 28, 1900 and of May 17, 1901”, Publications of the U.S. Naval Observatory 4 (1906) app. 1, 94–97, 121–151, 203–215, 299–307 and pl. LXXII.
- Russia expedition for solar eclipse of May 28, 1900 Script error: No such module "webarchive".
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