Solar eclipse of June 16, 1806
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Solar eclipse". A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Monday, June 16, 1806 (sometimes dubbed Tecumseh's Eclipse), with a magnitude of 1.0604. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1.7 days before perigee (on June 18, 1806, at 9:30 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[1]
The path of totality was visible from parts of modern-day northwestern Mexico, the states of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, northwestern Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri, southeastern Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Maine in the United States, Western Sahara, Mauritania, Mali, and Niger. A partial solar eclipse was also visible for parts of North America, Central America, the Caribbean, Europe, and West Africa.
The eclipse was predicted by Shawnee prophet Tenskwatawa and its appearance aided unity among the Indigenous peoples of North America. Astronomer José Joaquín de Ferrer observed and named the solar corona during this eclipse.
Tenskwatawa's prediction
It has been called Tecumseh's Eclipse after the Shawnee chief, Tecumseh. He realized that the only hope for the various tribes in east and central North America was to join. He was assisted by his brother, Tenskwatawa, called The Prophet, who called for a rejection of European influence and a return to traditional values. This tribal unity threatened William Henry Harrison, the Territorial Governor of Indiana and future 9th President of the United States. Harrison tried to discredit the Shawnee leader by challenging Tenskwatawa to prove his powers. He wrote: "If he (Tenskwatawa) is really a prophet, ask him to cause the Sun to stand still or the Moon to alter its course, the rivers to cease to flow or the dead to rise from their graves."
Tenskwatawa declared that the Great Spirit was angry at Harrison and would give a sign. "Fifty days from this day there will be no cloud in the sky. Yet, when the Sun has reached its highest point, at that moment will the Great Spirit take it into her hand and hide it from us. The darkness of night will thereupon cover us and the stars will shine round about us. The birds will roost and the night creatures will awaken and stir." On that day, there was an eclipse, and Harrison's attempt to divide the Shawnee people backfired spectacularly. Then, Tecumseh ordered the Great Spirit to release the sun.[2]
Observations
José Joaquín de Ferrer observed from Kinderhook, New York and gave the name corona to the glow of the faint outer atmosphere of the Sun seen during a total eclipse. He proposed that the corona must belong to the Sun, not the Moon, because of its great size. Ferrer also stated that during the total eclipse of 1806, the irregularities of the Moon's surface were plainly discernible.[3]
Capel Lofft observed from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.[4]
Eclipse details
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[5]
| Event | Time (UTC) |
|---|---|
| First Penumbral External Contact | 1806 June 16 at 13:47:18.5 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact | 1806 June 16 at 14:44:05.8 UTC |
| First Central Line | 1806 June 16 at 14:45:19.5 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 1806 June 16 at 14:46:33.4 UTC |
| First Penumbral Internal Contact | 1806 June 16 at 15:49:22.2 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 1806 June 16 at 16:21:07.3 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 1806 June 16 at 16:22:27.7 UTC |
| Greatest Duration | 1806 June 16 at 16:24:24.6 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse | 1806 June 16 at 16:24:26.5 UTC |
| Last Penumbral Internal Contact | 1806 June 16 at 16:59:34.4 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 1806 June 16 at 18:02:18.7 UTC |
| Last Central Line | 1806 June 16 at 18:03:34.3 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 1806 June 16 at 18:04:49.9 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 1806 June 16 at 19:01:31.5 UTC |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Eclipse Magnitude | 1.06042 |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 1.12449 |
| Gamma | 0.32035 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 05h37m06.5s |
| Sun Declination | +23°21'35.2" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 15'44.3" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.7" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 05h37m11.4s |
| Moon Declination | +23°40'49.1" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 16'25.5" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 1°00'17.0" |
| ΔT | 12.1 s |
Eclipse season
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
| June 16 Descending node (new moon) |
June 30 Ascending node (full moon) |
|---|---|
| File:SE1806Jun16T.png | |
| Total solar eclipse Solar Saros 124 |
Partial lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 136 |
Related eclipses
Eclipses in 1806
- A partial lunar eclipse on January 5.
- A total solar eclipse on June 16.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on June 30.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on November 25.
- An annular solar eclipse on December 10.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on December 25.
Metonic
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of August 28, 1802
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of April 4, 1810
Tzolkinex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of May 5, 1799
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of July 27, 1813
Half-Saros
- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of June 9, 1797
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of June 21, 1815
Tritos
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of July 16, 1795
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of May 16, 1817
Solar Saros 124
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of June 4, 1788
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of June 26, 1824
Inex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of July 5, 1777
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of May 27, 1835
Triad
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of August 15, 1719
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of April 16, 1893
Solar eclipses of 1805–1808
This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[6]
The partial solar eclipses on January 30, 1805 and July 26, 1805 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the partial solar eclipse on October 19, 1808 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.
| Solar eclipse series sets from 1805 to 1808 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ascending node | Descending node | |||||
| Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma | |
| 109 | January 1, 1805 File:SE1805Jan01P.gif Partial |
−1.5315 | 114 | June 26, 1805 File:SE1805Jun26P.gif Partial |
1.0462 | |
| 119 | December 21, 1805 File:SE1805Dec21A.gif Annular |
−0.8751 | 124 | June 16, 1806 File:SE1806Jun16T.png Total |
0.3204 | |
| 129 | December 10, 1806 File:SE1806Dec10A.gif Annular |
−0.1627 | 134 | June 6, 1807 File:SE1807Jun06H.gif Hybrid |
−0.4577 | |
| 139 | November 29, 1807 File:SE1807Nov29H.gif Hybrid |
0.5377 | 144 | May 25, 1808 File:SE1808May25P.gif Partial |
−1.2665 | |
| 149 | November 18, 1808 File:SE1808Nov18P.gif Partial |
1.1874 | ||||
Saros 124
Template:Solar Saros series 124
Metonic series
The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.
| 24 eclipse events between August 28, 1802 and August 28, 1859 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| August 27–28 | June 16 | April 3–4 | January 20–21 | November 9 |
| 122 | 124 | 126 | 128 | 130 |
| File:SE1802Aug28A.png August 28, 1802 |
File:SE1806Jun16T.png June 16, 1806 |
File:SE1810Apr04A.gif April 4, 1810 |
File:SE1814Jan21A.gif January 21, 1814 |
File:SE1817Nov09T.gif November 9, 1817 |
| 132 | 134 | 136 | 138 | 140 |
| File:SE1821Aug27A.gif August 27, 1821 |
File:SE1825Jun16H.gif June 16, 1825 |
File:SE1829Apr03T.gif April 3, 1829 |
File:SE1833Jan20A.gif January 20, 1833 |
File:SE1836Nov09T.gif November 9, 1836 |
| 142 | 144 | 146 | 148 | 150 |
| File:SE1840Aug27T.gif August 27, 1840 |
File:SE1844Jun16P.gif June 16, 1844 |
File:SE1848Apr03P.png April 3, 1848 |
File:SE1852Jan21P.png January 21, 1852 |
File:SE1855Nov09P.gif November 9, 1855 |
| 152 | ||||
| File:SE1859Aug28P.gif August 28, 1859 | ||||
Tritos series
Template:Solar Tritos series 2002 December 4
Inex series
Template:Solar Inex series 2009 January 26
Notes
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ "An Account of 1806, June 16 eclipse from a sorrow in our heart: A life of Tecumseh" by Allan W. Eckert.
- ↑ History of Physical Astronomy, January 1852
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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References
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- NASA chart graphics
- Googlemap
- NASA Besselian elements
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- Tecumseh and the Eclipse of 1806
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