Solar eclipse of July 18, 1860
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Solar eclipse". A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Wednesday, July 18, 1860, with a magnitude of 1.0500. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 2.2 days before perigee (on July 20, 1860, at 19:15 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[1]
The path of totality was visible from parts of modern-day northwestern Oregon, Washington, northern Idaho, northwestern Montana, Canada, Spain, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Sudan, and Eritrea. A partial solar eclipse was also visible for parts of North America, Europe, West Asia, North Africa, and West Africa.
Coronal Mass Ejection
The first coronal mass ejection may have been observed as coronal loops progressing during this total eclipse.[2]
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Eclipse details
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[3]
| Event | Time (UTC) |
|---|---|
| First Penumbral External Contact | 1860 July 18 at 11:54:56.3 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact | 1860 July 18 at 12:57:13.1 UTC |
| First Central Line | 1860 July 18 at 12:58:21.9 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 1860 July 18 at 12:59:31.0 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 1860 July 18 at 14:09:18.4 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 1860 July 18 at 14:20:40.8 UTC |
| Greatest Duration | 1860 July 18 at 14:24:54.3 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse | 1860 July 18 at 14:26:24.2 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 1860 July 18 at 15:53:26.2 UTC |
| Last Central Line | 1860 July 18 at 15:54:37.2 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 1860 July 18 at 15:55:48.0 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 1860 July 18 at 16:57:54.9 UTC |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Eclipse Magnitude | 1.05000 |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 1.10249 |
| Gamma | 0.54871 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 07h52m23.3s |
| Sun Declination | +20°56'51.5" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 15'44.4" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.7" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 07h53m03.2s |
| Moon Declination | +21°28'15.4" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 16'18.0" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 0°59'49.1" |
| ΔT | 7.7 s |
Eclipse season
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
| July 18 Descending node (new moon) |
August 1 Ascending node (full moon) |
|---|---|
| File:SE1860Jul18T.png | |
| Total solar eclipse Solar Saros 124 |
Partial lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 136 |
Related eclipses
Eclipses in 1860
- An annular solar eclipse on January 23.
- A partial lunar eclipse on February 7.
- A total solar eclipse on July 18.
- A partial lunar eclipse on August 1.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on December 28.
Metonic
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of September 29, 1856
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of May 6, 1864
Tzolkinex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of June 6, 1853
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 29, 1867
Half-Saros
- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of July 13, 1851
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of July 23, 1869
Tritos
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of August 18, 1849
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of June 18, 1871
Solar Saros 124
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of July 8, 1842
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of July 29, 1878
Inex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of August 7, 1831
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of June 28, 1889
Triad
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of September 16, 1773
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of May 20, 1947
Solar eclipses of 1859–1862
This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[4]
The partial solar eclipses on March 4, 1859 and August 28, 1859 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the partial solar eclipse on November 21, 1862 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.
| Solar eclipse series sets from 1859 to 1862 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ascending node | Descending node | |||||
| Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma | |
| 109 | February 3, 1859 File:SE1859Feb03Pe.gif Partial |
−1.5659 | 114 | July 29, 1859 File:SE1859Jul29P.gif Partial |
1.2598 | |
| 119 | January 23, 1860 File:SE1860Jan23A.png Annular |
−0.8969 | 124 | July 18, 1860 File:SE1860Jul18T.png Total |
0.5487 | |
| 129 | January 11, 1861 File:SE1861Jan11A.gif Annular |
−0.1766 | 134 | July 8, 1861 File:SE1861Jul08A.gif Annular |
−0.2231 | |
| 139 | December 31, 1861 File:SE1861Dec31T.gif Total |
0.5187 | 144 | June 27, 1862 File:SE1862Jun27P.gif Partial |
−1.0252 | |
| 149 | December 21, 1862 File:SE1862Dec21P.gif Partial |
1.1633 | ||||
Saros 124
Template:Solar Saros series 124
Metonic series
Template:Solar Metonic series 1830–1917
Tritos series
This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
Inex series
Template:Solar Inex series 2005 April 8
See also
References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Coronal Mass Ejections from the Sun - Propagation and Near Earth Effects
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- NASA chart graphics
- Googlemap
- NASA Besselian elements
- Sketch of Solar Corona 1860 July 18
- Russia expedition for solar eclipse of July 18, 1860
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