Solar eclipse of July 16, 2186
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A total solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Sunday, July 16, 2186, with a magnitude of 1.0805. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring only about 3 minutes before perigee (on July 16, 2186, at 15:20 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter will be larger.[1]
This eclipse will be the longest total solar eclipse out of 6,326 calculated for 10,000 years between 4000 BCE and 6000 CE. The eclipse will pass over the southern Galápagos Islands (with a total eclipse of 4 minutes occurring over the southern tip of Española Island), the northern tip of Ecuador (with a total eclipse of 3 minutes and 26 seconds on Isla Santa Rosa), central Colombia (4 minutes and 50 seconds over Bogota), central Venezuela, and northern Guyana (7 minutes and 4 seconds just north of Anna Regina).[2][3]
Extreme duration
This will be the longest total solar eclipse between 4000 BCE and at least CE 6000 (10,000 years), lasting a maximum of 7 minutes, 29.22 seconds. The factors that will make this such a long eclipse are:
- The Earth being very near aphelion (furthest away from the Sun in its elliptical orbit, making its angular diameter nearly as small as possible). This occurs around July 6th.
- The Moon being almost exactly at perigee (making its angular diameter as large as possible). The moment of greatest eclipse will be just 50 minutes after perigee.[4]
- The midpoint of the eclipse being very close to the Earth's equator, where the Earth's rotational velocity is greatest. (The affects the distance the shadow travels on the ground, but not the time duration.)
- The midpoint of the eclipse being near the subsolar point (the part of the Earth closest to the Sun, and therefore also closest to the Moon during an eclipse).
- The vector of the eclipse path at the midpoint of the eclipse aligning with the vector of the Earth's rotation (i.e. not diagonal but due east). For solar eclipses at the ascending node (odd numbered saros) this occurs approximately 12 days after the summer solstice.[5][6]
The longest historical total eclipse lasted 7 minutes 27.54 seconds on June 15, 743 BC.[7] The longest eclipse theoretically possible is 7 minutes and 32 seconds.[8]
Responses
Michael Zeiler, an eclipse cartographer, told Live Science the 2186 eclipse "will last up to an astonishing 7 minutes and 29 seconds, very close to the theoretical limit of 7 and a half minutes."[9]
Vice magazine, musing what the "wolves feasting on the bones" of a possibly then-extinct human civilization would think, suggested the longest solar eclipse in 12,000 years would be "worth a howl".[10]
IFL Science noted that the 22nd century will be a "golden era for eclipse chasers", with the 2186 eclipse overshadowing two other 7+ minute events in 2150 and 2168.[11] No total solar eclipse of the 21st century will exceed 7 minutes.[12]
In March 2023, the art and design magazine IGNANT interviewed the Berlin-based photographer Matthias Ledinger about his project AD2186. Using primarily black and white media, Ledinger "depicts the complex awe-sensations and emotions generated by the solar eclipse" similar to that of the Overview effect.[13]
Eclipse details
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[14]
| Event | Time (UTC) |
|---|---|
| First Penumbral External Contact | 2186 July 16 at 12:39:43.0 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact | 2186 July 16 at 13:33:32.0 UTC |
| First Central Line | 2186 July 16 at 13:35:13.1 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 2186 July 16 at 13:36:54.2 UTC |
| First Penumbral Internal Contact | 2186 July 16 at 14:33:28.5 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 2186 July 16 at 15:12:28.2 UTC |
| Greatest Duration | 2186 July 16 at 15:13:17.7 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse | 2186 July 16 at 15:14:54.1 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 2186 July 16 at 15:16:50.6 UTC |
| Last Penumbral Internal Contact | 2186 July 16 at 15:56:16.7 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 2186 July 16 at 16:52:52.6 UTC |
| Last Central Line | 2186 July 16 at 16:54:33.7 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 2186 July 16 at 16:56:14.8 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 2186 July 16 at 17:50:04.4 UTC |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Eclipse Magnitude | 1.08047 |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 1.16741 |
| Gamma | −0.23964 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 07h45m22.8s |
| Sun Declination | +21°12'31.6" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 15'44.1" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.7" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 07h45m17.9s |
| Moon Declination | +20°57'54.1" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 16'43.2" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 1°01'21.8" |
| ΔT | 246.3 s |
Eclipse season
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
| July 16 Ascending node (new moon) |
July 31 Descending node (full moon) |
|---|---|
| File:SE2186Jul16T.png | |
| Total solar eclipse Solar Saros 139 |
Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 151 |
Related eclipses
Eclipses in 2186
- An annular solar eclipse on January 20.
- A partial lunar eclipse on February 4.
- A total solar eclipse on July 16.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on July 31.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on December 26.
Metonic
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of September 27, 2182
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of May 4, 2190
Tzolkinex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of June 5, 2179
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 26, 2193
Half-Saros
- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of July 11, 2177
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of July 22, 2195
Tritos
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of August 16, 2175
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of June 15, 2197
Solar Saros 139
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of July 5, 2168
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of July 27, 2204
Inex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of August 5, 2157
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of June 28, 2215
Triad
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of September 14, 2099
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of May 17, 2273
Solar eclipses of 2185–2188
This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[15]
The partial solar eclipses on May 26, 2188 and November 18, 2188 occur in the next lunar year eclipse set.
| Solar eclipse series sets from 2185 to 2188 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Descending node | Ascending node | |||||
| Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma | |
| 124 | January 31, 2185 File:Saros124 64van73 SE2185Jan31P.jpg Partial |
1.1991 | 129 | July 26, 2185 File:Saros129 61van80 SE2185Jul26T.jpg Total |
−0.9967 | |
| 134 | January 20, 2186 File:SE2186Jan20A.png Annular |
0.5426 | 139 | July 16, 2186 File:SE2186Jul16T.png Total |
−0.2396 | |
| 144 | January 9, 2187 File:SE2187Jan09A.png Annular |
−0.1365 | 149 | July 6, 2187 File:Saros149 30van71 SE2187Jul06T.jpg Total |
0.5109 | |
| 154 | December 29, 2187 File:Saros154 16van71 SE2187Dec29A.jpg Annular |
−0.8126 | 159 | June 24, 2188 File:Saros159 04van70 SE2188Jun24P.jpg Partial |
1.3252 | |
| 164 | December 18, 2188 File:Saros164 06van80 SE2188Dec18P.jpg Partial |
−1.4420 | ||||
Saros 139
This eclipse is a part of Saros series 139, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on May 17, 1501. It contains hybrid eclipses from August 11, 1627 through December 9, 1825 and total eclipses from December 21, 1843 through March 26, 2601. There are no annular eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 71 as a partial eclipse on July 3, 2763. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
The longest duration of totality will be produced by member 61 at 7 minutes, 29.22 seconds on July 16, 2186. This date is the longest solar eclipse computed between 4000 BC and AD 6000.[16] All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[17]
| Series members 18–39 occur between 1801 and 2200: | ||
|---|---|---|
| 18 | 19 | 20 |
| File:SE1807Nov29H.png November 29, 1807 |
File:SE1825Dec09H.png December 9, 1825 |
File:SE1843Dec21T.png December 21, 1843 |
| 21 | 22 | 23 |
| File:SE1861Dec31T.png December 31, 1861 |
File:SE1880Jan11T.png January 11, 1880 |
File:SE1898Jan22T.png January 22, 1898 |
| 24 | 25 | 26 |
| File:SE1916Feb03T.png February 3, 1916 |
File:SE1934Feb14T.png February 14, 1934 |
File:SE1952Feb25T.png February 25, 1952 |
| 27 | 28 | 29 |
| File:SE1970Mar07T.png March 7, 1970 |
File:SE1988Mar18T.png March 18, 1988 |
File:SE2006Mar29T.png March 29, 2006 |
| 30 | 31 | 32 |
| File:SE2024Apr08T.png April 8, 2024 |
File:SE2042Apr20T.png April 20, 2042 |
File:SE2060Apr30T.png April 30, 2060 |
| 33 | 34 | 35 |
| File:SE2078May11T.png May 11, 2078 |
File:SE2096May22T.png May 22, 2096 |
File:SE2114Jun03T.png June 3, 2114 |
| 36 | 37 | 38 |
| File:SE2132Jun13T.png June 13, 2132 |
File:SE2150Jun25T.png June 25, 2150 |
File:SE2168Jul05T.png July 5, 2168 |
| 39 | ||
| File:SE2186Jul16T.png July 16, 2186 | ||
Metonic series
The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.
| 13 eclipse events between May 4, 2152 and December 9, 2197 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| May 4–5 | February 21 | December 9 | September 27–28 | July 16 |
| 121 | 123 | 125 | 127 | 129 |
| File:Saros121 68van71 SE2152May04P.jpg May 4, 2152 |
File:Saros123 61van70 SE2156Feb21P.jpg February 21, 2156 |
File:Saros125 62van73 SE2159Dec09P.jpg December 9, 2159 |
File:Saros127 66van82 SE2163Sep28P.jpg September 28, 2163 |
File:Saros129 60van80 SE2167Jul16T.jpg July 16, 2167 |
| 131 | 133 | 135 | 137 | 139 |
| File:SE2171May05A.png May 5, 2171 |
File:SE2175Feb21T.png February 21, 2175 |
File:SE2178Dec09A.png December 9, 2178 |
File:SE2182Sep27A.png September 27, 2182 |
File:SE2186Jul16T.png July 16, 2186 |
| 141 | 143 | 145 | ||
| File:SE2190May04A.png May 4, 2190 |
File:SE2194Feb21A.png February 21, 2194 |
File:SE2197Dec09T.png December 9, 2197 | ||
Tritos series
Template:Solar Tritos series 2000 December 25
Inex series
This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2200 | ||
|---|---|---|
| File:SE1810Apr04A.gif April 4, 1810 (Saros 126) |
File:SE1839Mar15T.gif March 15, 1839 (Saros 127) |
File:SE1868Feb23A.gif February 23, 1868 (Saros 128) |
| File:SE1897Feb01A.gif February 1, 1897 (Saros 129) |
File:SE1926Jan14T.png January 14, 1926 (Saros 130) |
File:SE1954Dec25A.png December 25, 1954 (Saros 131) |
| File:SE1983Dec04A.png December 4, 1983 (Saros 132) |
File:SE2012Nov13T.png November 13, 2012 (Saros 133) |
File:SE2041Oct25A.png October 25, 2041 (Saros 134) |
| File:SE2070Oct04A.png October 4, 2070 (Saros 135) |
File:SE2099Sep14T.png September 14, 2099 (Saros 136) |
File:SE2128Aug25A.png August 25, 2128 (Saros 137) |
| File:SE2157Aug05A.png August 5, 2157 (Saros 138) |
File:SE2186Jul16T.png July 16, 2186 (Saros 139) |
|
References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Total Solar Eclipse of 2186 July 16 - Interactive Eclipse Path Using Google Maps NASA Eclipse Website, Fred Espenak.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ M. Littman, et al.
- ↑ Ten Millennium Catalog of Long Solar Eclipses, -3999 to +6000 (4000 BCE to 6000 CE) Fred Espenak.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Ten Millennium Catalog of Long Solar Eclipses, −3999 to +6000 (4000 BCE to 6000 CE) Fred Espenak.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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External links
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