Solar eclipse of January 3, 1908
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Solar eclipse". A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit between Friday, January 3 and Saturday, January 4, 1908,[1][2][3][4][5] with a magnitude of 1.0437. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 14 hours before perigee (on January 4, 1908, at 12:30 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[6]
Totality was visible from Ebon Atoll in German New Guinea (now in Marshall Islands), British Western Pacific Territories (the part now belonging to Kiribati), Line Islands (now in Kiribati), Phoenix Islands (now in Kiribati) on January 4 (Saturday), and Costa Rica on January 3 (Friday). A partial eclipse was visible for parts of northern Oceania, Hawaii, southern North America, Central America, the western Caribbean, and western South America.
Observations
The eclipse was observed by astronomer William Wallace Campbell of Lick Observatory, viewed from Flint Island, Kiribati, an uninhabited island in the Line Islands. The team of Lick Observatory departed from San Francisco on November 22, 1907, and arrived in Papeete, Tahiti Island, the capital of French Polynesia on December 4. After making preparations of supplies and logistics personnel, it departed again on the evening of December 7 and arrived at Flint Island on the afternoon of 9 December.[7]
- File:1908 01 03 Lick.jpgFile:Flint Island. Total eclipse of sun. 1908, PH-NEG-2861 001 (cropped).jpg
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Astronomers from the Royal Astronomical Society, Sydney Observatory and a party from Australia and New Zealand which included Francis McClean and Henry Winkelmann also observed the total eclipse near the observation site of Lick Observatory. The team successfully took images of the corona.[8][9]
Eclipse details
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[10]
| Event | Time (UTC) |
|---|---|
| First Penumbral External Contact | 1908 January 3 at 19:07:37.2 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact | 1908 January 3 at 20:03:19.2 UTC |
| First Central Line | 1908 January 3 at 20:04:02.0 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 1908 January 3 at 20:04:44.8 UTC |
| First Penumbral Internal Contact | 1908 January 3 at 21:02:14.0 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 1908 January 3 at 21:43:22.3 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 1908 January 3 at 21:45:11.7 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse | 1908 January 3 at 21:45:21.4 UTC |
| Greatest Duration | 1908 January 3 at 21:45:57.9 UTC |
| Last Penumbral Internal Contact | 1908 January 3 at 22:28:29.5 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 1908 January 3 at 23:25:57.2 UTC |
| Last Central Line | 1908 January 3 at 23:26:40.8 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 1908 January 3 at 23:27:24.4 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 1908 January 4 at 00:23:04.0 UTC |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Eclipse Magnitude | 1.04375 |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 1.08941 |
| Gamma | 0.19334 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 18h52m47.6s |
| Sun Declination | -22°53'44.4" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 16'16.0" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.9" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 18h52m48.0s |
| Moon Declination | -22°41'55.4" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 16'41.7" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 1°01'16.1" |
| ΔT | 7.7 s |
Eclipse season
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
| January 3 Descending node (new moon) |
January 18 Ascending node (full moon) |
|---|---|
| File:SE1908Jan03T.png | File:Lunar eclipse chart close-1908Jan18.png |
| Total solar eclipse Solar Saros 130 |
Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 142 |
Related eclipses
Eclipses in 1908
- A total solar eclipse on January 3.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on January 18.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on June 14.
- An annular solar eclipse on June 28.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on July 13.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on December 7.
- A hybrid solar eclipse on December 23.
Metonic
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of March 17, 1904
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of October 22, 1911
Tzolkinex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 22, 1900
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of February 14, 1915
Half-Saros
- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of December 27, 1898
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of January 8, 1917
Tritos
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of February 1, 1897
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of December 3, 1918
Solar Saros 130
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of December 22, 1889
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of January 14, 1926
Inex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of January 22, 1879
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of December 13, 1936
Triad
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of March 4, 1821
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of November 3, 1994
Solar eclipses of 1906–1909
This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[11]
The partial solar eclipses on February 23, 1906 and August 20, 1906 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set.
| Solar eclipse series sets from 1906 to 1909 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ascending node | Descending node | |||||
| Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma | |
| 115 | July 21, 1906 File:SE1906Jul21P.png Partial |
−1.3637 | 120 | January 14, 1907 File:SE1907Jan14T.png Total |
0.8628 | |
| 125 | July 10, 1907 File:SE1907Jul10A.png Annular |
−0.6313 | 130 | January 3, 1908 File:SE1908Jan03T.png Total |
0.1934 | |
| 135 | June 28, 1908 File:SE1908Jun28A.png Annular |
0.1389 | 140 | December 23, 1908 File:SE1908Dec23H.png Hybrid |
−0.4985 | |
| 145 | June 17, 1909 File:SE1909Jun17H.png Hybrid |
0.8957 | 150 | December 12, 1909 File:SE1909Dec12P.png Partial |
−1.2456 | |
Saros 130
This eclipse is a part of Saros series 130, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 73 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on August 20, 1096. It contains total eclipses from April 5, 1475 through July 18, 2232. There are no annular or hybrid eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 73 as a partial eclipse on October 25, 2394. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
The longest duration of totality was produced by member 30 at 6 minutes, 41 seconds on July 11, 1619. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.[12]
| Series members 41–62 occur between 1801 and 2200: | ||
|---|---|---|
| 41 | 42 | 43 |
| File:SE1817Nov09T.gif November 9, 1817 |
File:SE1835Nov20T.gif November 20, 1835 |
File:SE1853Nov30T.gif November 30, 1853 |
| 44 | 45 | 46 |
| File:SE1871Dec12T.gif December 12, 1871 |
File:SE1889Dec22T.png December 22, 1889 |
File:SE1908Jan03T.png January 3, 1908 |
| 47 | 48 | 49 |
| File:SE1926Jan14T.png January 14, 1926 |
File:SE1944Jan25T.png January 25, 1944 |
File:SE1962Feb05T.png February 5, 1962 |
| 50 | 51 | 52 |
| File:SE1980Feb16T.png February 16, 1980 |
File:SE1998Feb26T.png February 26, 1998 |
File:SE2016Mar09T.png March 9, 2016 |
| 53 | 54 | 55 |
| File:SE2034Mar20T.png March 20, 2034 |
File:SE2052Mar30T.png March 30, 2052 |
File:SE2070Apr11T.png April 11, 2070 |
| 56 | 57 | 58 |
| File:SE2088Apr21T.png April 21, 2088 |
File:SE2106May03T.png May 3, 2106 |
File:SE2124May14T.png May 14, 2124 |
| 59 | 60 | 61 |
| File:SE2142May25T.png May 25, 2142 |
File:SE2160Jun04T.png June 4, 2160 |
File:SE2178Jun16T.png June 16, 2178 |
| 62 | ||
| File:SE2196Jun26T.png June 26, 2196 | ||
Metonic series
Template:Solar Metonic series 1866–1953
Tritos series
Template:Solar Tritos series 2006 March 29
Inex series
Template:Solar Inex series 2023 October 14
Notes
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References
- Earth visibility chart and eclipse statistics Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC
- Photo of Solar Corona January 3, 1908
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