Solar eclipse of January 1, 1889
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Solar eclipse". A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Tuesday, January 1, 1889, with a magnitude of 1.0262. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth.
A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1.25 days after perigee (on December 31, 1888, at 15:10 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[1]
The path of totality was visible from parts of the modern-day Aleutian Islands of Alaska, California, Nevada, extreme southeastern Oregon, Idaho, Wyoming, Montana, and North Dakota in the United States and south-central Canada. A partial solar eclipse was also visible for much of North America, Hawaii, and the western Caribbean.
Observations and predictions
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Impact
Wovoka the Paiute prophet received visions during the solar eclipse of January 1889. These visions were framework for the Pan-Indian religious movement known as the Ghost Dance.[2]
Eclipse details
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[3]
| Event | Time (UTC) |
|---|---|
| First Penumbral External Contact | 1889 January 1 at 19:03:37.4 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact | 1889 January 1 at 20:23:10.8 UTC |
| First Central Line | 1889 January 1 at 20:24:07.8 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 1889 January 1 at 20:25:05.6 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 1889 January 1 at 21:08:05.1 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 1889 January 1 at 21:16:00.1 UTC |
| Greatest Duration | 1889 January 1 at 21:16:12.2 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse | 1889 January 1 at 21:16:50.0 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 1889 January 1 at 22:08:36.5 UTC |
| Last Central Line | 1889 January 1 at 22:09:32.7 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 1889 January 1 at 22:10:28.3 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 1889 January 1 at 23:30:05.9 UTC |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Eclipse Magnitude | 1.02616 |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 1.05301 |
| Gamma | 0.86031 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 18h51m01.4s |
| Sun Declination | -22°56'03.4" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 16'16.0" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.9" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 18h51m03.5s |
| Moon Declination | -22°03'55.3" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 16'33.2" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 1°00'45.2" |
| ΔT | -6.1 s |
Eclipse season
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| January 1 Descending node (new moon) |
January 17 Ascending node (full moon) |
|---|---|
| File:SE1889Jan01T.png | |
| Total solar eclipse Solar Saros 120 |
Partial lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 132 |
Related eclipses
Eclipses in 1889
- A total solar eclipse on January 1.
- A partial lunar eclipse on January 17.
- An annular solar eclipse on June 28.
- A partial lunar eclipse on July 12.
- A total solar eclipse on December 22.
Metonic
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of March 16, 1885
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of October 20, 1892
Tzolkinex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 21, 1881
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of February 13, 1896
Half-Saros
- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of December 28, 1879
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of January 8, 1898
Tritos
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of February 2, 1878
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of December 3, 1899
Solar Saros 120
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of December 22, 1870
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of January 14, 1907
Inex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of January 23, 1860
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of December 14, 1917
Triad
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of March 4, 1802
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of November 3, 1975
Solar eclipses of 1888–1891
This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[4]
The partial solar eclipses on February 11, 1888 and August 7, 1888 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set.
| Solar eclipse series sets from 1888 to 1891 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ascending node | Descending node | |||||
| Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma | |
| 115 | July 9, 1888 File:SE1888Jul09P.gif Partial |
−1.2797 | 120 | January 1, 1889 File:SE1889Jan01T.png Total |
0.8603 | |
| 125 | June 28, 1889 File:SE1889Jun28A.png Annular |
−0.5431 | 130 | December 22, 1889 File:SE1889Dec22T.png Total |
0.1888 | |
| 135 | June 17, 1890 File:SE1890Jun17A.gif Annular |
0.2246 | 140 | December 12, 1890 File:SE1894Sep29T.gif Hybrid |
−0.5016 | |
| 145 | June 6, 1891 File:SE1891Jun06A.gif Annular |
0.9754 | 150 | December 1, 1891 File:SE1891Dec01P.gif Partial |
−1.2515 | |
Saros 120
This eclipse is a part of Saros series 120, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on May 27, 933 AD. It contains annular eclipses from August 11, 1059 through April 26, 1492; hybrid eclipses from May 8, 1510 through June 8, 1564; and total eclipses from June 20, 1582 through March 30, 2033. The series ends at member 71 as a partial eclipse on July 7, 2195. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 11 at 6 minutes, 24 seconds on September 11, 1113, and the longest duration of totality was produced by member 60 at 2 minutes, 50 seconds on March 9, 1997. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.[5]
Metonic series
Template:Solar Metonic series 1866–1953
Tritos series
Template:Solar Tritos series 2009 January 26
Inex series
Template:Solar Inex series 2004 October 14
References
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Further reading
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External links
- NASA chart graphics
- Photo of Solar Corona January 1, 1889
- Eclipse of June 1, 1889. Contact print from the original glass negative. Lick Observatory Plate Archive, Mt. Hamilton. [January 1, 1889?!]
- C.E. Watkins photo / eclipse / lick observatory 1889?, The J. Paul Getty Museum, Object Number: 88.XM.92.83
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