Solar eclipse of February 3, 1916
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Solar eclipse". A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Thursday, February 3, 1916,[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] with a magnitude of 1.028. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring 1.7 days after perigee (on February 2, 1916, at 0:00 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[9]
Totality was visible in Colombia, Venezuela, and the whole Guadeloupe except Marie-Galante, Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of North America, Central America, northern South America, Northwest Africa, and Western Europe.
Observations
The Argentine National Observatory sent a team to Tucacas, Falcón, Venezuela. Due to the economic depression caused by World War I, the best equipment could not be transported to the observation site. The team left Córdoba Province, Argentina on December 2, 1915, and arrived in Tucacas on January 14, 1916. It rained heavily within the first week after their arrival. There was still heavy rain on the early morning of February 3. The weather got better after that. By the time of totality, there was only a layer of mist, which slightly affected the observation. The team successfully took images of the corona and made spectral observations.[10] The results were also compared with a later total solar eclipse of February 26, 1998 which was also visible in Falcón, Venezuela.[11]
Eclipse details
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[12]
| Event | Time (UTC) |
|---|---|
| First Penumbral External Contact | 1916 February 3 at 13:27:05.9 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact | 1916 February 3 at 14:28:56.2 UTC |
| First Central Line | 1916 February 3 at 14:29:21.6 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 1916 February 3 at 14:29:47.1 UTC |
| Greatest Duration | 1916 February 3 at 15:55:04.9 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse | 1916 February 3 at 16:00:21.4 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 1916 February 3 at 16:05:33.2 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 1916 February 3 at 16:21:50.2 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 1916 February 3 at 17:30:44.2 UTC |
| Last Central Line | 1916 February 3 at 17:31:07.9 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 1916 February 3 at 17:31:31.6 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 1916 February 3 at 18:33:31.9 UTC |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Eclipse Magnitude | 1.02800 |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 1.05678 |
| Gamma | 0.49875 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 21h03m55.2s |
| Sun Declination | -16°46'33.6" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 16'13.5" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.9" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 21h03m07.7s |
| Moon Declination | -16°18'47.0" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 16'26.3" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 1°00'19.8" |
| ΔT | 18.3 s |
Eclipse season
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
| January 20 Descending node (full moon) |
February 3 Ascending node (new moon) |
|---|---|
| File:Lunar eclipse chart close-1916Jan20.png | File:SE1916Feb03T.png |
| Partial lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 113 |
Total solar eclipse Solar Saros 139 |
Related eclipses
Eclipses in 1916
- A partial lunar eclipse on January 20.
- A total solar eclipse on February 3.
- A partial lunar eclipse on July 15.
- An annular solar eclipse on July 30.
- A partial solar eclipse on December 24.
Metonic
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of April 17, 1912
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of November 22, 1919
Tzolkinex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of December 23, 1908
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of March 17, 1923
Half-Saros
- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of January 29, 1907
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of February 8, 1925
Tritos
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of March 6, 1905
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of January 3, 1927
Solar Saros 139
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of January 22, 1898
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of February 14, 1934
Inex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of February 22, 1887
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of January 14, 1945
Triad
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of April 3, 1829
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of December 4, 2002
Solar eclipse of 1913–1917
This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[13]
The partial solar eclipses on April 6, 1913 and September 30, 1913 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the solar eclipses on December 24, 1916 (partial), June 19, 1917 (partial), and December 14, 1917 (annular) occur in the next lunar year eclipse set.
| Solar eclipse series sets from 1913 to 1917 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Descending node | Ascending node | |||||
| Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma | |
| 114 | August 31, 1913 File:SE1913Aug31P.png Partial |
1.4512 | 119 | February 25, 1914 File:SE1914Feb25A.png Annular |
−0.9416 | |
| 124 | August 21, 1914 File:SE1914Aug21T.png Total |
0.7655 | 129 | February 14, 1915 File:SE1915Feb14A.png Annular |
−0.2024 | |
| 134 | August 10, 1915 File:SE1915Aug10A.png Annular |
0.0124 | 139 File:Solar eclipse of February 3, 1916 (cropped).png |
February 3, 1916 File:SE1916Feb03T.png Total |
0.4987 | |
| 144 | July 30, 1916 File:SE1916Jul30A.png Annular |
−0.7709 | 149 | January 23, 1917 File:SE1917Jan23P.png Partial |
1.1508 | |
| 154 | July 19, 1917 File:SE1917Jul19P.png Partial |
−1.5101 | ||||
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Saros 139
This eclipse is a part of Saros series 139, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on May 17, 1501. It contains hybrid eclipses from August 11, 1627 through December 9, 1825 and total eclipses from December 21, 1843 through March 26, 2601. There are no annular eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 71 as a partial eclipse on July 3, 2763. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
The longest duration of totality will be produced by member 61 at 7 minutes, 29.22 seconds on July 16, 2186. This date is the longest solar eclipse computed between 4000 BC and AD 6000.[14] All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[15]
| Series members 18–39 occur between 1801 and 2200: | ||
|---|---|---|
| 18 | 19 | 20 |
| File:SE1807Nov29H.png November 29, 1807 |
File:SE1825Dec09H.png December 9, 1825 |
File:SE1843Dec21T.png December 21, 1843 |
| 21 | 22 | 23 |
| File:SE1861Dec31T.png December 31, 1861 |
File:SE1880Jan11T.png January 11, 1880 |
File:SE1898Jan22T.png January 22, 1898 |
| 24 | 25 | 26 |
| File:SE1916Feb03T.png February 3, 1916 |
File:SE1934Feb14T.png February 14, 1934 |
File:SE1952Feb25T.png February 25, 1952 |
| 27 | 28 | 29 |
| File:SE1970Mar07T.png March 7, 1970 |
File:SE1988Mar18T.png March 18, 1988 |
File:SE2006Mar29T.png March 29, 2006 |
| 30 | 31 | 32 |
| File:SE2024Apr08T.png April 8, 2024 |
File:SE2042Apr20T.png April 20, 2042 |
File:SE2060Apr30T.png April 30, 2060 |
| 33 | 34 | 35 |
| File:SE2078May11T.png May 11, 2078 |
File:SE2096May22T.png May 22, 2096 |
File:SE2114Jun03T.png June 3, 2114 |
| 36 | 37 | 38 |
| File:SE2132Jun13T.png June 13, 2132 |
File:SE2150Jun25T.png June 25, 2150 |
File:SE2168Jul05T.png July 5, 2168 |
| 39 | ||
| File:SE2186Jul16T.png July 16, 2186 | ||
Metonic series
Template:Solar Metonic series 1859–1946
Tritos series
Template:Solar Tritos series 2003 May 31
Inex series
Template:Solar Inex series 2002 December 4
Notes
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- ↑ Ten Millennium Catalog of Long Solar Eclipses, −3999 to +6000 (4000 BCE to 6000 CE) Fred Espenak.
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References
- Eclipse data, NASA
- Optical Response of the Atmosphere During the Caribbean Total Solar Eclipses of 26 February 1998 and of 3 February 1916 at Falcón state, Venezuela, Journal Earth, Moon, and Planets, Volume 91, Number 3 / November, 2002
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