Solar eclipse of December 22, 1870
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Solar eclipse". A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Thursday, December 22, 1870, with a magnitude of 1.0248. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1.4 days before perigee (on December 21, 1870, at 3:50 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[1]
The path of totality was visible from parts of modern-day southern Portugal, southern Spain, northern Morocco, northern Algeria, Tunisia, Italy, Greece, northwestern Turkey, southeastern Bulgaria, southeastern Ukraine, and western Russia. A partial solar eclipse was also visible for parts of eastern Canada, Europe, North Africa, West Africa, and the Middle East.
Observations
File:Solar eclipse 1870Dec22-corona-set.png
Eclipse details
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[2]
| Event | Time (UTC) |
|---|---|
| First Penumbral External Contact | 1870 December 22 at 10:13:56.6 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact | 1870 December 22 at 11:33:35.2 UTC |
| First Central Line | 1870 December 22 at 11:34:27.4 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 1870 December 22 at 11:35:20.3 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 1870 December 22 at 12:18:47.9 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 1870 December 22 at 12:19:09.0 UTC |
| Greatest Duration | 1870 December 22 at 12:27:10.9 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse | 1870 December 22 at 12:27:32.6 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 1870 December 22 at 13:19:52.2 UTC |
| Last Central Line | 1870 December 22 at 13:20:43.5 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 1870 December 22 at 13:21:34.1 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 1870 December 22 at 14:41:15.4 UTC |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Eclipse Magnitude | 1.02476 |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 1.05013 |
| Gamma | 0.85849 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 18h02m16.0s |
| Sun Declination | -23°27'15.7" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 16'15.7" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.9" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 18h02m37.0s |
| Moon Declination | -22°35'32.9" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 16'31.5" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 1°00'38.9" |
| ΔT | -0.1 s |
Eclipse season
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
| December 22 Descending node (new moon) |
January 6 Ascending node (full moon) |
|---|---|
| File:SE1870Dec22T.png | |
| Total solar eclipse Solar Saros 120 |
Partial lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 132 |
Related eclipses
Eclipses in 1870
- A total lunar eclipse on January 17.
- A partial solar eclipse on January 31.
- A partial solar eclipse on June 28.
- A total lunar eclipse on July 12.
- A partial solar eclipse on July 28.
- A total solar eclipse on December 22.
Metonic
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of March 6, 1867
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of October 10, 1874
Tzolkinex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 11, 1863
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of February 2, 1878
Half-Saros
- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of December 17, 1861
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of December 28, 1879
Tritos
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of January 23, 1860
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of November 21, 1881
Solar Saros 120
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of December 11, 1852
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of January 1, 1889
Inex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of January 11, 1842
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of December 3, 1899
Triad
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of February 20, 1784
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of October 23, 1957
Solar eclipses of 1870–1873
This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[3]
The partial solar eclipses on January 31, 1870 and July 28, 1870 occurs in the previous lunar year eclipse set.
| Solar eclipse series sets from 1870 to 1873 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ascending node | Descending node | |||||
| Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma | |
| 115 | June 28, 1870 File:SE1870Jun28P.gif Partial |
−1.1949 | 120 | December 22, 1870 File:SE1870Dec22T.png Total |
0.8585 | |
| 125 | June 18, 1871 File:SE1871Jun18A.gif Annular |
−0.4550 | 130 | December 12, 1871 File:SE1871Dec12T.png Total |
0.1836 | |
| 135 | June 6, 1872 File:SE1872Jun06A.gif Annular |
0.3095 | 140 | November 30, 1872 File:SE1872Nov30H.gif Hybrid |
−0.5081 | |
| 145 | May 26, 1873 File:SE1873May26P.gif Partial |
1.0513 | 150 | November 20, 1873 File:SE1873Nov20P.png Partial |
−1.2625 | |
Saros 120
This eclipse is a part of Saros series 120, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on May 27, 933 AD. It contains annular eclipses from August 11, 1059 through April 26, 1492; hybrid eclipses from May 8, 1510 through June 8, 1564; and total eclipses from June 20, 1582 through March 30, 2033. The series ends at member 71 as a partial eclipse on July 7, 2195. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 11 at 6 minutes, 24 seconds on September 11, 1113, and the longest duration of totality was produced by member 60 at 2 minutes, 50 seconds on March 9, 1997. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.[4]
Metonic series
Template:Solar Metonic series 1848–1935
Tritos series
Template:Solar Tritos series 2001 December 14
Inex series
Template:Solar Inex series 2015 September 13
References
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- NASA chart graphics
- Googlemap
- NASA Besselian elements
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- Reports on observations of the total solar eclipse of December 22, 1870 By United States Naval Observatory, Simon Newcomb, Asaph Hall, William Harkness, John Robie Eastman
- Solar Eclipse seen from Jerez in 1870
- The sun was crowned in Jerez
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