Solar eclipse of June 21, 2001

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Solar eclipse". A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Thursday, June 21, 2001,[1] with a magnitude of 1.0495. It was the first solar eclipse of the 21st century. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 2.25 days before perigee (on June 23, 2001, at 18:20 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[2]

Many people traveled to Africa to watch the eclipse;[3][4][5] the Daily Telegraph reported that "while some tribesmen watch a celestial crocodile eating the sun, the modern African will be counting the cash brought in by thousands of visitors".[6]

Visibility

It was visible from a narrow corridor in the southern Atlantic Ocean and southern Africa, including Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, the southern tip of Malawi, and Madagascar. A partial eclipse was seen from the much broader path of the Moon's penumbra, including eastern South America and most of Africa.

Observations

Within the path of totality, Angola got the best conditions with the highest solar zenith angle, longest duration and largest chance of clear weather. Sumbe, capital of Cuanza Sul Province, where the path first touched land, was the best in Angola with 4 minutes and 34 seconds of totality. However, the Angolan Civil War[7] prevented many from traveling to the county, and only about 500 people observed the eclipse there. Besides tourists, there were also scientists from the United States, France, Brazil, South Africa, the Czech Republic, Portugal and Hungary.[8]

Zambia, though inferior to its neighbouring country Angola in the chance of clear weather, attracted many scientists and tourists due to its stable political situation and also the fact that its capital city Lusaka was also located within the path of totality.[7] The Zambian government made it a national holiday with one day off, and ZamPost also issues special postage stamps and first-day covers.[9] Scientists from the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, South Korea and China observed it in Zambia.[9] The Chinese Academy of Sciences sent a team of 6 people, carrying 3 gravimeters, 2 nuclear gyromagnetometers, 4 digital acquisition systems and recording systems to study the gravity anomalies recorded by Indian scientists during the total solar eclipse of October 24, 1995, and by Chinese scientists during the total solar eclipse of March 9, 1997, in Mohe County.[10][11] With continuous observation for more than 10 years after that, China obtained the first observational evidence that the gravity field propagates at the speed of light.[12]

Coincidence

Besides the eclipse, the day was also the June solstice (winter solstice in the Southern Hemisphere where the path of totality passed) when the sun was at the northernmost limit. It was also the closest approach of Mars since 1988.[13]

Images

File:SE2001Jun21T.gif

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[14]

June 21, 2001 Solar Eclipse Times
Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 2001 June 21 at 09:34:04.6 UTC
First Umbral External Contact 2001 June 21 at 10:37:00.4 UTC
First Central Line 2001 June 21 at 10:38:10.0 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact 2001 June 21 at 10:39:19.9 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 2001 June 21 at 11:58:49.4 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 2001 June 21 at 11:58:54.2 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 2001 June 21 at 12:04:46.3 UTC
Greatest Duration 2001 June 21 at 12:07:11.5 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact 2001 June 21 at 13:30:14.3 UTC
Last Central Line 2001 June 21 at 13:31:26.2 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact 2001 June 21 at 13:32:37.9 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 2001 June 21 at 14:35:26.2 UTC
June 21, 2001 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 1.04954
Eclipse Obscuration 1.10153
Gamma −0.57013
Sun Right Ascension 06h00m46.1s
Sun Declination +23°26'18.2"
Sun Semi-Diameter 15'44.3"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.7"
Moon Right Ascension 06h01m00.5s
Moon Declination +22°52'27.2"
Moon Semi-Diameter 16'17.6"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 0°59'47.9"
ΔT 64.2 s

Eclipse season

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of June–July 2001
June 21
Ascending node (new moon)
 July 5
Descending node (full moon)
File:SE2001Jun21T.png File:Lunar eclipse chart close-2001Jul05.png
Total solar eclipse
Solar Saros 127		 Partial lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 139

Related eclipses

Eclipses in 2001

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Solar Saros 127

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses of 2000–2003

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[15]

The partial solar eclipses on February 5, 2000 and July 31, 2000 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 2000 to 2003
Ascending node   Descending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
117 July 1, 2000
File:SE2000Jul01P.png
Partial 		−1.28214 122
File:2000-12-25-partial solar eclipse Minnesota TLR.jpg
Partial projection in Minneapolis, MN, USA 		December 25, 2000
File:SE2000Dec25P.png
Partial 		1.13669
127
File:Williams College wl.jpg
Totality in Lusaka, Zambia 		June 21, 2001
File:SE2001Jun21T.png
Total 		−0.57013 132
File:Partial solar eclipse December 14 2001 Minneapolis.jpg
Partial in Minneapolis, MN, USA 		December 14, 2001
File:SE2001Dec14A.png
Annular 		0.40885
137
File:Gregmote - 20020610 002 (by).jpg
Partial in Los Angeles, CA, USA 		June 10, 2002
File:SE2002Jun10A.png
Annular 		0.19933 142
File:Eclipse 4-12-2002 Woomera.jpg
Totality in Woomera, South Australia 		December 4, 2002
File:SE2002Dec04T.png
Total 		−0.30204
147
File:Annular 2003-05-31 Culloden.png
Annularity in Culloden, Scotland 		May 31, 2003
File:SE2003May31A.png
Annular 		0.99598 152
File:ECLIPSE LUNAR (3254112650).jpg 		November 23, 2003
File:SE2003Nov23T.png
Total 		−0.96381

Saros 127

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 127, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 82 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on October 10, 991 AD. It contains total eclipses from May 14, 1352 through August 15, 2091. There are no annular or hybrid eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 82 as a partial eclipse on March 21, 2452. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 31 at 5 minutes, 40 seconds on August 30, 1532. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[16]

Series members 46–68 occur between 1801 and 2200:
46 47 48
File:SE1803Feb21T.png
February 21, 1803 		File:SE1821Mar04T.gif
March 4, 1821 		File:SE1839Mar15T.gif
March 15, 1839
49 50 51
File:SE1857Mar25T.gif
March 25, 1857 		File:SE1875Apr06T.png
April 6, 1875 		File:SE1893Apr16T.png
April 16, 1893
52 53 54
File:SE1911Apr28T.png
April 28, 1911 		File:SE1929May09T.png
May 9, 1929 		File:SE1947May20T.png
May 20, 1947
55 56 57
File:SE1965May30T.png
May 30, 1965 		File:SE1983Jun11T.png
June 11, 1983 		File:SE2001Jun21T.png
June 21, 2001
58 59 60
File:SE2019Jul02T.png
July 2, 2019 		File:SE2037Jul13T.png
July 13, 2037 		File:SE2055Jul24T.png
July 24, 2055
61 62 63
File:SE2073Aug03T.png
August 3, 2073 		File:SE2091Aug15T.png
August 15, 2091 		File:Saros127 63van82 SE2109Aug26P.jpg
August 26, 2109
64 65 66
File:Saros127 64van82 SE2127Sep06P.jpg
September 6, 2127 		File:Saros127 65van82 SE2145Sep16P.jpg
September 16, 2145 		File:Saros127 66van82 SE2163Sep28P.jpg
September 28, 2163
67 68
File:Saros127 67van82 SE2181Oct08P.jpg
October 8, 2181 		File:Saros127 68van82 SE2199Oct19P.jpg
October 19, 2199

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

21 eclipse events between June 21, 1982 and June 21, 2058
June 21 April 8–9 January 26 November 13–14 September 1–2
117 119 121 123 125
File:SE1982Jun21P.png
June 21, 1982 		File:SE1986Apr09P.png
April 9, 1986 		File:SE1990Jan26A.png
January 26, 1990 		File:SE1993Nov13P.png
November 13, 1993 		File:SE1997Sep02P.png
September 2, 1997
127 129 131 133 135
File:SE2001Jun21T.png
June 21, 2001 		File:SE2005Apr08H.png
April 8, 2005 		File:SE2009Jan26A.png
January 26, 2009 		File:SE2012Nov13T.png
November 13, 2012 		File:SE2016Sep01A.png
September 1, 2016
137 139 141 143 145
File:SE2020Jun21A.png
June 21, 2020 		File:SE2024Apr08T.png
April 8, 2024 		File:SE2028Jan26A.png
January 26, 2028 		File:SE2031Nov14H.png
November 14, 2031 		File:SE2035Sep02T.png
September 2, 2035
147 149 151 153 155
File:SE2039Jun21A.png
June 21, 2039 		File:SE2043Apr09T.png
April 9, 2043 		File:SE2047Jan26P.png
January 26, 2047 		File:SE2050Nov14P.png
November 14, 2050 		File:SE2054Sep02P.png
September 2, 2054
157
File:SE2058Jun21P.png
June 21, 2058

Tritos series

Template:Solar Tritos series 2001 June 21

Inex series

Template:Solar Inex series 2001 June 21

Notes

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References

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