Social Democratic Party (Japan)

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The Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a political party in Japan that was established in 1996.[1] Since its reformation and name change in 1996, it has advocated pacifism and defined itself as a social-democratic party.[2] It was previously known as the Script error: No such module "Nihongo"..

The party was re-founded in January 1996 by the majority of legislators of the former Japan Socialist Party, which was the largest opposition party in the 1955 System. However, most of those legislators joined the Democratic Party of Japan after that. Five leftist legislators who did not join the SDP formed the New Socialist Party, which lost all its seats in the following election. The SDP enjoyed a short period of government participation from 1993 to 1994 as part of the Hosokawa Cabinet and later formed a coalition government with the Liberal Democratic Party under 81st Prime Minister Tomiichi Murayama of the JSP from 1994 to January 1996. The SDP was part of ruling coalitions between January and November 1996 (First Hashimoto Cabinet) and from 2009 to 2010 (Hatoyama Cabinet).

In the 2019 Japanese House of Councillors election, the party won four representatives in the National Diet, two in the lower house and two in the upper house. In November 2020, the party entered into a merger agreement with the Constitutional Democratic Party (CDP) with the SDP's members in the Diet caucusing with the CDP.[3] The party president Mizuho Fukushima held her seat and, in the 2022 House of Councillors elections, the party cleared the minimum two percent voter share to maintain its legal political party status.[4]

History

Before 2000

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". In 1995, the former Japan Socialist Party (JSP) was in a deep crisis, facing criticism for entering a coalition with its long-time rival, the LDP and for core policy changes.[5] Aiming at saving the party, the leadership of JSP decided to dissolve the party and to establish a new social democratic party. In January 1996, a new party, the Social Democratic Party, was established, along with the dissolution of JSP. De jure, JSP changed its name to the Social Democratic Party (SDP) as an interim party for forming a new party, and a movement for transforming the SDP into a new social-democratic and liberal party was unsuccessful.

Under Murayama's successor Ryūtarō Hashimoto (LDP), the SDP remained part of the ruling coalition. Long before its disappointing result in the 1996 Japanese general election, the party lost the majority of its members of the House of Representatives, mainly to predecessors of the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) that was formed in 1996, but also some to the NFP and other opposition parties. After its electoral defeat in the 1996 general election, when it lost another 15 of its remaining 30 seats in the lower house, the SDP left the ruling coalition, which it had entered as the second-largest force in Japanese politics, as a minor party.

2000s–2010s

The SDP won six seats in the 2003 Japanese general election, compared with 18 seats in the previous 2000 Japanese general election. The party's opposition to the Self-Defense Forces reverted to the abolition of the forces in the long term, the policy it had in the 1950s. Doi had been the leader since 1996, but she resigned in 2003, taking responsibility for the election losses. Mizuho Fukushima was elected as the new party leader in November 2003. In the 2004 Japanese House of Councillors election, the SDP won only two seats, having five seats in the House of Councillors and six seats in the House of Representatives. In 2006, the party unexpectedly gained the governorship of the Shiga Prefecture. In the 2009 Japanese general election, the DPJ made large gains and the SDP maintained its base of 7 seats in the, becoming a junior partner in a new government coalition; however, disagreements over the issue of the Futenma base led to the sacking of Fukushima from the cabinet on 28 May and the SDP subsequently voted to leave the ruling coalition.[6]

File:Social Democratic Party of Japan - campaginvan - dec13-2012.jpg
A SDP campaign van outside a station in December 2012

As of October 2010, the SDP had six members in the House of Representatives[7] and four members in the House of Councillors.[8] Following the 2012 Japanese general election, the party retained only six seats in the whole of the Diet, two in the House of Representatives and four in the House of Councillors. The count lowered to five seats in 2013. In 2013, the party's headquarters in Nagatacho, where the party's predecessor the JSP had moved in 1964, were demolished. The headquarters moved to a smaller office in Nagatacho.[9]

During the nomination period of the 2016 Japanese House of Councillors election, the party signed an agreement with the Democratic, Communist and People's Life parties to field a jointly-endorsed candidate in each of the 32 districts in which only one seat is contested, thereby uniting in an attempt to take control of the House from the LDP/Komeito coalition.[10] The party had two Councillors up for re-election and fielded a total of 11 candidates in the election, 4 in single and multi-member districts and 7 in the 48-seat national proportional representation block.[11]

In the 2017 Japanese general election, the party managed to hold to its two seats it had prior to the election. Tadatomo Yoshida declined to run for re-election when his term expired in January 2018. Seiji Mataichi was elected unopposed in the ensuing leadership election and took office on 25 February 2018.[12][13]

Since 2020

On 14 November 2020, the party voted to agree to a merger arrangement with the Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan (CDP), allowing members to leave the SDP and join the latter party. The majority of the party supported the agreement and joined the CDP; however, party leader Fukushima herself was opposed to the merger agreement and remains a member of the Social Democratic Party.[14]

In the 2021 Japanese general election, the party lost one of their two seats.

Policies

Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists Party policies include:[2][15]

Leaders

No. Name
(Birth–death) 		Constituency / title Term of office Election results Photo Prime Minister (term)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Took office Left office
Preceding party: Japan Socialist Party (left-wing)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Chair of the Social Democratic Party (1996–present)
1 Tomiichi Murayama
(b. 1924)		 Rep for
Ōita 1st		 19 January 1996 28 September 1996 - File:Tomiichi Murayama 19940630.jpg style="background-color: Template:Party color; border-bottom:solid 0 gray" | Hashimoto 1996–98
(coalition, confidence and supply)
2 Takako Doi
(1928–2014)		 Rep for
Hyōgō 7th		 28 September 1996 15 November 2003 - File:Takako Doi in Tokyo congressist election 2.jpg style="background-color: Template:Party color; border-top:solid 0 gray" |
style="background-color: Template:Party color" | Obuchi 1998–2000
style="background-color: Template:Party color" | Mori 2000–01
style="background-color: Template:Party color; border-bottom:solid 0 gray" | Koizumi 2001–06
3 Mizuho Fukushima
(b. 1955)		 Cou for
National PR		 15 November 2003 25 July 2013 - File:Mizuho Fukushima 2010.jpg style="background-color: Template:Party color; border-top:solid 0 gray" |
style="background-color: Template:Party color" | Abe S. 2006–07
style="background-color: Template:Party color" | Fukuda Y. 2007–08
style="background-color: Template:Party color" | Asō 2008–09
style="background-color: Template:Party color" | Hatoyama Y. 2009–10
(coalition until
30 May 2010)
style="background-color: Template:Party color" | Kan 2010–11
style="background-color: Template:Party color" | Noda 2011–12
style="background-color: Template:Party color; border-top:solid 0 gray; border-bottom:solid 0 gray" | Abe S. 2012–20
－ Seiji Mataichi
(1944–2023)
(acting)		 Cou for
National PR
(until 28 July 2019)		 25 July 2013 14 October 2013 - style="background-color: Template:Party color; border-bottom:solid 0 gray; border-top:solid 0 gray" |
4 Tadatomo Yoshida
(b. 1956)		 Cou for
National PR
(until 25 July 2016)
(29 July 2019 - present)		 14 October 2013 25 February 2018 Template:Smalldiv

Template:Smalldiv

File:Tadatomo Yoshida in SL Square in 2017.jpg style="background-color: Template:Party color; border-bottom:solid 0 gray; border-top:solid 0 gray" |
5 Seiji Mataichi
(1944–2023)		 Cou for
National PR
(until 28 July 2019)		 25 February 2018 22 February 2020 Template:Smalldiv style="background-color: Template:Party color; border-bottom:solid 0 gray; border-top:solid 0 gray" |
6 Mizuho Fukushima
(b. 1955)		 Cou for
National PR		 22 February 2020 Incumbent Template:Smalldiv File:Mizuho Fukushima 2024-6-30 (cropped).png style="background-color: Template:Party color; border-top:solid 0 gray" |
style="background-color: Template:Party color" | Suga 2020–2021
style="background-color: Template:Party color" | Kishida 2021–2024
style="background-color: Template:Party color" | Ishiba 2024–present

Election results

House of Representatives

House of Representatives
Election Leader No. of
seats won 		No. of
constituency votes 		± % of
constituency votes 		No. of
PR block votes 		% of
PR block votes 		Government
1996 Takako Doi Template:Composition bar 1,240,649 new 2.2 3,547,240 6.4 LDP–SDP–NPS coalition (1996–1998)
Opposition (1998–2000)
2000 Template:Composition bar 2,315,235 Increase 4 3.8 5,603,680 9.4 Opposition
2003 Template:Composition bar 1,708,672 Decrease 13 2.9 3,027,390 5.1 Opposition
2005 Mizuho Fukushima Template:Composition bar 996,007 Increase 1 1.5 3,719,522 5.5 Opposition
2009 Template:Composition bar 1,376,739 Steady 0 2.0 3,006,160 4.3 DPJ–PNP–SDP coalition (2009–2010)
Opposition (2010–2012)
2012 Template:Composition bar 451,762 Decrease 5 0.7 1,420,790 2.3 Opposition
2014 Tadatomo Yoshida Template:Composition bar 419,347 Steady 0 0.7 1,314,441 2.4 Opposition
2017 Template:Composition bar 634,719 Steady 0 1.2 941,324 1.7 Opposition
2021 Mizuho Fukushima Template:Composition bar 313,193 Decrease 1 0.55 1,018,588 1.77 Opposition
2024 Template:Composition bar 283,287 Steady 0 0.52 934,598 1.71 Opposition


House of Councillors

House of Councillors
Election Leader No. of
seats total 		No. of
seats won 		No. of
National votes 		% of
National vote 		No. of
Prefectural votes 		% of
Prefectural vote
1998 Takako Doi Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar 4,370,763 7.8% 2,403,649 4.3%
2001 Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar 3,628,635 6.63% 1,874,299 3.45%
2004 Mizuho Fukushima Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar 2,990,665 5.35% 984,338 1.75%
2007 Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar 2,634,713 4.47% 1,352,018 2.28%
2010 Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar 2,242,735 3.84% 602,684 1.03%
2013 Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar 1,255,235 2.36% 271,547 0.51%
2016 Tadatomo Yoshida Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar 1,536,238 2.74% 289,899 0.51%
2019 Seiji Mataichi Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar 1,046,011 2.09% 191,820 0.38%
2022 Mizuho Fukushima Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar 1,258,502 2.37% 178,911 0.34%

Current Diet members

House of Representatives

House of Councillors

Up for re-election in 2025

Up for re-election in 2028

See also

Notes

Template:Reflist

References

External links

Template:Sister project

Template:Japan political parties Template:Social Democratic Party (Japan) Template:Authority control

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  6. ↑ BBC News Socialists leave Japan coalition over Okinawa issue Template:Webarchive
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Japan Times Japan's Social Democratic Party moving HQ out of historic Tokyo building January 27, 2013 Template:Webarchive
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Johnson, L.L. , eds. (1992). The feminist politics of Takako Doi and the social democratic party of Japan. Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information.
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Inada, Miho; Dvorak, Phred. "Same-Sex Marriage in Japan: A Long Way Away?" Template:Webarchive. The Wall Street Journal. September 20, 2013. Retrieved March 31, 2014.
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