Sigma baryon

Template:Short description Template:Infobox Particle The sigma baryons are a family of subatomic hadron particles which have two quarks from the first flavour generation (up and / or down quarks), and a third quark from a higher flavour generation, in a combination where the wavefunction sign remains constant when any two quark flavours are swapped. They are thus baryons, with total isospin of 1, and can either be neutral or have an elementary charge of +2, +1, 0, or −1. They are closely related to the lambda baryons, which differ only in the wavefunction's behaviour upon flavour exchange.

The third quark can hence be either a strange (symbols

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Template:Rcatsh), a bottom (symbols

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Template:Rcatsh) or a top (symbols

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Template:Rcatsh) quark. However, the top sigmas are expected to never be observed, since the Standard Model predicts the mean lifetime of top quarks to be roughly Script error: No such module "val"..^[1] This is about 20 times shorter than the timescale for strong interactions, and therefore it does not form hadrons.

List

The symbols encountered in these lists are: Template:Mvar (isospin), Template:Mvar (total angular momentum), Template:Mvar (parity), u (up quark), d (down quark), s (strange quark), c (charm quark), t (top quark), b (bottom quark), Template:Mvar (electric charge), Template:Mvar (strangeness), Template:Mvar (charmness), Template:Mvar (bottomness), Template:Mvar (topness), as well as other subatomic particles (hover for name).

Antiparticles are not listed in the table; however, they simply would have all quarks changed to antiquarks (and vice versa), and Template:Mvar, Template:Mvar, Template:Mvar, Template:Mvar, Template:Mvar, Template:Mvar, would be of opposite signs. Template:Mvar, Template:Mvar, and Template:Mvar values in red have not been firmly established by experiments, but are predicted by the quark model and are consistent with the measurements.^[2]^[3]

Template:Mvar = Template:Sfrac⁺ sigma baryons

Template:Mvar = Template:Sfrac⁺ sigma baryons
Particle name	Symbol	Quark content	Rest mass (MeV/[[speed of light\|Template:Mvar]]²)	[[Isospin\|Template:Mvar]]	[[Total angular momentum\|Template:Mvar]]^{[[Parity (physics)\|Template:Mvar]]}	[[charge (physics)\|Template:Mvar]] (e)	[[strangeness\|Template:Mvar]]	[[charm (quantum number)\|Template:Mvar]]	[[bottomness\|Template:Mvar]]	[[topness\|Template:Mvar]]	Mean lifetime (s)	Decay modes (branching ratio)
Sigma^[4]	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	1,189.37 ± 0.07	1	Template:Sfrac⁺	+1	−1	0	0	0	8.018 ± 0.026 × 10⁻¹¹	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh ((51.57±0.30)%) redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh((48.31±0.30)%)
Sigma^[4]	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	1,192.642 ± 0.024	1	Template:Sfrac⁺	0	−1	0	0	0	7.4 ± 0.7 × 10⁻²⁰	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh (100%)
Sigma^[4]	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	1,197.449 ± 0.030	1	Template:Sfrac⁺	−1	−1	0	0	0	1.479 ± 0.011 × 10⁻¹⁰	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh ((99.848±0.005)%)
Charmed sigma^[4]	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh(2455)	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	2,453.97 ± 0.14	1	Template:Sfrac⁺	+2	0	+1	0	0	3.5 ± 0.4 × 10⁻²²^{^[a]}	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh(≈100%)
Charmed sigma^[4]	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh(2455)	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	2,452.9 ± 0.4	1	Template:Sfrac⁺	+1	0	+1	0	0	>1.4 × 10⁻²²^{^[a]}	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh (≈100%)
Charmed sigma^[4]	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh(2455)	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	2,453.75 ± 0.14	1	Template:Sfrac⁺	0	0	+1	0	0	3.6± 0.4 × 10⁻²²^{^[a]}	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh (≈100%)
Bottom sigma^[4]	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	5,810.56 ± 0.23	1	Template:Sfrac⁺	+1	0	0	−1	0	1.31± 0.13 × 10⁻²²^{^[a]}	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh (dominant)
Bottom sigma^{^†}	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	Unknown	1	Template:Sfrac⁺	0	0	0	−1	0	Unknown	Unknown
Bottom sigma^[4]	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	5,815.2 ± 0.27	1	Template:Sfrac⁺	−1	0	0	−1	0	1.24± 0.13 × 10⁻²²^{^[a]}	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh (dominant)
Top sigma^{^†}	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	—	1	Template:Sfrac⁺	+2	0	0	0	+1	—	—
Top Sigma^{^†}	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	—	1	Template:Sfrac⁺	+1	0	0	0	+1	—	—
Top Sigma^{^†}	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	—	1	Template:Sfrac⁺	0	0	0	0	+1	—	—

^† <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ The standard model predicts that this particle cannot exist.
^[a] <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ PDG reports the resonance width (Template:Mvar). Here the conversion Template:Mvar is given instead.
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Template:Mvar = Template:Sfrac⁺ sigma baryons

Template:Mvar = Template:Sfrac⁺ sigma baryons
Particle name	Symbol	Quark content	Rest mass (MeV/[[speed of light\|Template:Mvar]]²)	[[Isospin\|Template:Mvar]]	J^{[[Parity (physics)\|Template:Mvar]]}	[[charge (physics)\|Template:Mvar]] (e)	[[strangeness\|Template:Mvar]]	[[charm (quantum number)\|Template:Mvar]]	[[bottomness\|Template:Mvar]]	[[topness\|Template:Mvar]]	Mean lifetime (s)	Commonly decays to
Sigma^[5]	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh(1385)	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	1,382.8 ± 0.4	1	Template:Sfrac⁺	+1	−1	0	0	0	1.84 ± 0.04 × 10⁻²³^{^[c]}	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh or redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh or redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh
Sigma^[5]	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh(1385)	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	1,383.7 ± 1.0	1	Template:Sfrac⁺	0	−1	0	0	0	1.8 ± 0.3 × 10⁻²³^{^[c]}	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh or redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh or redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh
Sigma^[5]	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh(1385)	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	1,387.2 ± 0.5	1	Template:Sfrac⁺	−1	−1	0	0	0	1.67 ± 0.09 × 10⁻²³^{^[c]}	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh or redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh or redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh or
Charmed sigma^[6]	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh(2520)	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	2,518.4 ± 0.6	1	Template:Sfrac⁺	+2	0	+1	0	0	4.4 ± 0.6 × 10⁻²³^{^[c]}	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh
Charmed sigma^[6]	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh(2520)	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	2,517.5 ± 2.3	1	Template:Sfrac⁺	+1	0	+1	0	0	>3.9 × 10⁻²³^{^[c]}	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh
Charmed sigma^[6]	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh(2520)	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	2,518.0 ± 0.5	1	Template:Sfrac⁺	0	0	+1	0	0	4.1 ± 0.5 × 10⁻²³^{^[c]}	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh
Bottom sigma^{^†}	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	Unknown	1	Template:Sfrac⁺	+1	0	0	−1	0	Unknown	Unknown
Bottom sigma^{^†}	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	Unknown	1	Template:Sfrac⁺	0	0	0	−1	0	Unknown	Unknown
Bottom sigma^{^†}	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	Unknown	1	Template:Sfrac⁺	−1	0	0	−1	0	Unknown	Unknown
Top sigma^{^†}	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	—	1	Template:Sfrac⁺	+2	0	0	0	+1	—	—
Top sigma^{^†}	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	—	1	Template:Sfrac⁺	+1	0	0	0	+1	—	—
Top sigma^{^†}	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	—	1	Template:Sfrac⁺	0	0	0	0	+1	—	—

^† <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ The standard model predicts that this particle cannot exist.
^[c] <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ PDG reports the resonance width (Template:Mvar). Here the conversion Template:Mvar is given instead.

The following table compares the nearly-identical Lambda and neutral Sigma baryons:

Neutral strange baryons
Particle name	Symbol	Quark content	Rest mass (MeV/[[speed of light\|Template:Mvar]]²)	[[Isospin\|Template:Mvar]]	[[Total angular momentum quantum number\|Template:Mvar]]^{[[Parity (physics)\|Template:Mvar]]}	[[charge (physics)\|Template:Mvar]] ([[elementary charge\|Template:Mvar]])	[[strangeness\|Template:Mvar]]	[[charm (quantum number)\|Template:Mvar]]	[[bottomness\|Template:Mvar]]	[[topness\|Template:Mvar]]	Mean lifetime ([[second\|Template:Mvar]])	Commonly decays to
Lambda^[7]	$Template:Subatomic particle$ Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".	Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particle	Script error: No such module "val".	0	Template:Sfrac⁺	0	−1	0	0	0	Script error: No such module "val".	$Template:Subatomic particle + Template:Subatomic particle$ Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".or $Template:Subatomic particle + Template:Subatomic particle$ Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Sigma^[8]	$redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".$	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	1,192.642 ± 0.024	1	Template:Sfrac⁺	0	−1	0	0	0	7.4 ± 0.7 × 10⁻²⁰	$redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (100%)$

References

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Bibliography

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[Lambda0-7] Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".

[PDGSigma-8] Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

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Sigma baryon

Contents

List

Template:Mvar = Template:Sfrac⁺ sigma baryons

Template:Mvar = Template:Sfrac⁺ sigma baryons

See also

References

Bibliography

Navigation menu

Sigma baryon

List

Template:Mvar = Template:Sfrac+ sigma baryons

Template:Mvar = Template:Sfrac+ sigma baryons

See also

References

Bibliography

Navigation menu

Search

Template:Mvar = Template:Sfrac⁺ sigma baryons

Template:Mvar = Template:Sfrac⁺ sigma baryons