Shimonoseki

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File:141122 Shimonoseki City Hall Yamaguchi pref Japan01s3.jpg
Shimonoseki city hall
File:Choshu-Battery-Capture-Shimonoseki-1864.jpg
Captured battery at Shimonoseki, 1864
File:Kozanji Temple (Shimonoseki).JPG
Kōzan-ji Temple
File:AntokuTennou Engi.7&8 Dannoura Kassen.jpg
Battle of Dan-no-Ura in 1185

Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a city located in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. since 30 June 2023Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., the city had an estimated population of 248,193 in 128,762 households and a population density of 350 persons per km2.[1] The total area of the city is Script error: No such module "convert".. It is the largest city in Yamaguchi Prefecture and the fifth-largest city in the Chūgoku region in terms of population. It is nicknamed the "Fugu Capital" for the locally caught pufferfish, and is the largest harvester of the pufferfish in Japan.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

History

Shimonoseki is part of ancient Nagato Province. It has prospered since ancient times as the gateway to Honshu island from the Asian continent, including Kyushu, China, and the Korean peninsula. According to the Nihon Shoki, the semi-legendary Emperor Chuai constructed a palace at the location of what is now the Shimonoseki city hall during the Kofun period. The name of "Shimonoseki" appears in Heian period documents from 869 AD as the location of a checkpoint controlling maritime access to the Seto Inland Sea; however, by the Kamakura period, the name of "Akamanoseki" was in more common use. During the Genpei War, the Heike and Genji fought at the Battle of Dan-no-ura near the present Kanmon Bridge. During the Muromachi period, the powerful Ōuchi clan was shugo of both Nagato and Buzen Province in Kyushu and thus controlled trade and diplomatic missions from Ming China and Joseon Korea. In the Edo period, the area was part of Chōfu Domain controlled by the Mōri clan. In February 1691, German explorer Engelbert Kaempfer visited the town as part of his two-year stay in Japan, and described it as having around 400 to 500 houses, and as a major port in the region for supplying ship provisions.[2] During the Bakumatsu period, the Bombardment of Shimonoseki occurred in 1864, and in the early Meiji period, the Treaty of Shimonoseki was signed in 1895, seeing a defeated China hand over Taiwan, Penghu, and Port Arthur to the victorious Japanese at the end of the First Sino-Japanese War. An Imperial decree in July 1899 established Shimonoseki as an open port for trading with the United States and the United Kingdom.[3]

Akamagaseki city was established on April 1, 1889 with the creation of the modern municipalities system. The city was renamed Shimonoseki on June 1, 1902.

On February 13, 2005, Shimonoseki absorbed the towns of Hōhoku, Kikugawa, Toyota and Toyoura (all from Toyoura District) to create the new and expanded city of Shimonseki. Since October 1, 2005, the city has been designated as a core city by the Japanese government with increased local autonomy.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Geography

Shimonoseki is located at the westernmost point of Yamaguchi Prefecture and the westernmost point of Honshu. It borders the Sea of Japan to the west and the Seto Inland Sea to the south across the Kanmon Straits. It is long in the north-south direction and has a fan shape that opens to the Seto Inland Sea. The Asa River flows from the north to the central area, and the Ariho River flows from the northeast to the east, flowing southward into the Seto Inland Sea. The city hall is located on the west bank of the Ariho River mouth.

Neighbouring municipalities

Yamaguchi Prefecture

Climate

Shimonoseki has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) with hot summers and cool winters. Precipitation is significant throughout the year, but is heavier in summer.

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Demographics

Per Japanese census data, the population of Shimonoseki in 2020 is 255,051 people.[4] Shimonoseki has been conducting censuses since 1920.

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Government

Shimonoseki has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 34 members. Shimonoseki contributes ten members to the Yamaguchi Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of the Yamaguchi 3rd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.[5] Shimonoseki was represented by Shinzo Abe, former Japanese Prime Minister, in the lower house between 1993 and 2022.

Economy

Having prospered as a port city, Shimonoseki has long had a thriving industry related to shipping, trade, and finance. It is still the center of the prefecture in terms of economy.

Education

Universities and colleges

File:University of East Asia.jpg
University of East Asia

Primary and secondary schools

Shimonoseki has 41 public elementary school and 21 public junior high schools and one public high school operated by the city government. The city has nine public high schools operated by the Yamaguchi Prefectural Board of Education. There are also one private junior high school and five private high schools. The prefecture also operates four special education schools for the handicapped.

The city has a North Korean school, Script error: No such module "Nihongo"..[6] It formerly housed two other North Korean schools, Yamaguchi Korean High School and Script error: No such module "Nihongo"..[7]

Transportation

File:Shimonoseki jrnetwork.png
JR network map

Railway

Template:Ric JR West – San'yō Shinkansen

File:JR logo (west).svg JR West (JR West) - San'yō Main Line

File:JR logo (west).svg JR West (JR West) - San'in Main Line

Highways

  • File:JP Expressway E2A.svg Chugoku Expressway
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Ferries from Shimonoseki Port International Terminal

Sister cities

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Local attractions

Festivals

Shimonoseki is home to many festivals, held throughout the year. Of these, the most famous are the Shimonoseki Kaikyo Festival and Shimonoseki Bakan Festival.

  • Shimonoseki Fugu Festival (February): Haedomari Market
  • Kawatana Onsen Festival (April)
  • Shimonoseki Kaikyo Festival (May): Karato, Ganryujima Island
  • Suhouteisai Festival (August): Castle town Chofu
  • Kanmon Kaikyo Fireworks Festival (August): Karato(Aruka Port area)
  • Shimonoseki Bakan Festival (August): Along the street from Karato-cho to Shimonoseki Station
  • TOUR de Shimonoseki (October/November)
  • Shimonoseki Kaikyo Marathon (November)
  • Shimonoseki Fish Festival (November): Shimonoseki Fishing Port
  • Little Busan Fest (November): Green Mall

Architecture

Museums

  • Doigahama Site Anthropological Museum
  • The Firefly Museum of Toyota Town
  • Shimonoseki City Archaeological Museum
  • Shimonoseki City Art Museum
  • Shimonoseki City Museum of History
  • Shimonoseki Marine Science Museum (Shimonoseki City Aquarium) (Kaikyo Kan)
  • The Script error: No such module "Nihongo". of the Yamaguchi Bank

Parks and monuments

  • The Script error: No such module "Nihongo". in Shimonoseki commemorates the final stage of the Genpei war between the feudal Taira clan and Minamoto clan (1180–1185). There is a historical monument with cannons.

Sports

Professional teams

Sporting venues

  • Nogihama General Park (Football stadium)
  • Shimonoseki Baseball Stadium
  • Shimonoseki Boat Race Stadium (Shimonoseki Kyōtei)
  • Shimonoseki City Gymnasium
  • Shimonoseki city swimming pool
  • Shimonoseki Track and field stadium

Crime and safety

The Goda-ikka yakuza syndicate is headquartered in Shimonoseki. A designated yakuza group, the Goda-ikka is the largest yakuza syndicate in Yamaguchi Prefecture.[10]

Notable people from Shimonoseki

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References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  3. ↑ US Department of State. (1906). A digest of international law as embodied in diplomatic discussions, treaties and other international agreements (John Bassett Moore, ed.), Vol. 5, p. 759.
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  10. ↑ "The 7th President announces the succession, The Goda-ikka, The Prefectural Police on red alert" Template:Webarchive, 21 October 2009, Yamaguchi Shimbun Template:In lang

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External links

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