Head shaving

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A Thai Buddhist monk shaving the head of a man preparing to also become a Buddhist monk; this is known as tonsure

Head shaving is a form of body modification which involves shaving the hair from a person's head. People throughout history have shaved all or part of their heads for diverse reasons including aesthetics, convenience, culture, fashion, practicality, punishment, a rite of passage, religion, or style.

Early history

The earliest historical records describing head shaving are from ancient Mediterranean cultures such as Egypt, Greece, and Rome. The Egyptian priest class ritualistically removed all hair from head to toe by plucking it.

Religious significance

Many Buddhists and Vaisnavas, especially Hare Krishnas, shave their heads. Some Hindu and most Buddhist monks and nuns shave their heads upon entering their order, and Buddhist monks and nuns in Korea have their heads shaved every 15 days. Muslim men have the choice of shaving their heads after performing the Umrah and Hajj, following the tradition of committing to Allah, but are not required to keep it permanently shaved.

As a symbol of subordination

Enslaved peoples

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French women accused of collaborating with the Nazis being paraded through the streets barefoot, shaved, and with swastikas burned on their faces in 1944

In many cultures throughout history, cutting or shaving the hair on men has been seen as a sign of subordination. In ancient Greece and much of Babylon, long hair was a symbol of economic and social power, while a shaved head was the sign of a slave. This was a way of the slave-owner establishing the slave's body as their property by literally removing a part of their personhood and individuality.

Military

The practice of shaving heads has been widely used in the military. Although sometimes explained as being for hygiene reasons, the image of strict and disciplined conformity is also accepted as a factor. Upon the Allied invasion of Normandy during World War II, some Allied soldiers shaved their heads to deny any Nazis the opportunity to grab it during hand-to-hand combat. For the new military recruit, it can be a rite of passage, and variations of it have become a badge of honor.

Prison and punishment

Prisoners commonly have their heads shaven to prevent the spread of lice, but it may also be used as a demeaning measure. Having the head shaved can be a punishment prescribed in law. Nazis punished people accused of racial mixing by parading them through the streets with shaved heads and placards around their necks detailing their acts.

During and after World War II, thousands of French women had their heads shaved in front of cheering crowds as punishment for either collaborating with the Nazis or having sexual relationships with Nazi soldiers during the war. Some Finnish women also had their heads shaved for allegedly having relationships with Soviet prisoners of war during the war.

Practicality

Sport

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Hockey player David Perron with a shaved head by choice

Competitive swimmers, sprinters, and joggers sometimes seek to gain an advantage by completely removing all hair from their entire body to reduce drag while competing.

Baldness

People experiencing hair loss may shave their heads in order to look more presentable, for convenience, or to adhere to a certain style or fashion movement. Those with alopecia areata or pattern hair loss often choose to shave their heads, which has become exponentially more common and socially acceptable since the 1990s.

Notable people

Real

This list includes only public figures for whom a shaved head is an important and recognizable part of their public image; it is not a list of every celebrity who has shaved their head at some point in their life. Template:Div col

• Andre Agassi, American tennis player
• Kurt Angle, American professional wrestler and Olympic athlete
• "Stone Cold" Steve Austin, American professional wrestler
• Charles Barkley, American basketball player
• David Bateson, English actor
• Jeff Bezos, American businessman
• Dee Dee Bridgewater, American singer
• Kobe Bryant, American basketball player
• Yul Brynner, Russian-American actor
• Yura Borisov, Russian actor
• Bill Burr, American comedian
• Dave Chappelle, American comedian
• Michael Chiklis, American actor
• Phil Collins, English musician
• Common, American rapper
• Billy Corgan, American singer and musician
• Terry Crews, American actor
• Chris Daughtry, American musician
• Vin Diesel, American actor
• Taye Diggs, American actor
• Domenico Dolce, Italian fashion designer
• Anthony Fantano, American music critic
• George Foreman, American boxer
• Tyson Fury, English boxer
• Peter Gabriel, English musician
• Tyrese Gibson, American actor
• Bill Goldberg, American professional wrestler
• Pep Guardiola, Spanish soccer manager
• Roberto Guilherme, Brazilian actor and comedian
• Rob Halford, English singer
• Rick Harrison, American businessman
• Steve Harvey, American television host
• Phil Heath, American bodybuilder
• Evander Holyfield, American boxer
• LL Cool J, American rapper and actor
• Samuel L. Jackson, American actor
• Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson, American actor and professional wrestler
• Magic Johnson, American basketball player
• Michael Jordan, American basketball player
• Keegan-Michael Key, American comedian and actor
• Ben Kingsley, English actor
• Anton LaVey, American author and Satanic Church founder
• John Malkovich, American actor
• Howie Mandel, Canadian comedian and media personality
• Floyd Mayweather, American boxer
• Moby, American musician
• Dean Norris, American actor
• Northernlion, Canadian streamer
• Shaquille O'Neal, American basketball player
• Pitbull, American rapper
• Ving Rhames, American actor
• Flo Rida, American rapper
• Joe Rogan, American podcaster
• Rick Ross, American rapper
• Telly Savalas, American actor
• Tupac Shakur, American rapper
• Brian Shaw, American strongman
• Big Show, American professional wrestler
• Johnny Sins, American pornographic actor
• Skin, English singer
• Chris Slade, Welsh drummer
• Kelly Slater, American surfer
• Jason Statham, English actor
• Patrick Stewart, English actor
• Michael Stipe, American musician
• Corey Stoll, American actor
• Mark Strong, English actor
• Stanley Tucci, American actor
• Dana White, American businessman
• Bruce Willis, American actor
• Zinedine Zidane, French soccer player

Fictional

In modern fiction, shaved heads are often associated with characters who display a stern and disciplined or hardcore attitude. Examples include characters played by Yul Brynner, Vin Diesel, Samuel L. Jackson, Telly Savalas, Sigourney Weaver, and Bruce Willis, as well as characters such as Agent 47 (whose physical appearance was based on his actor, the aforementioned David Bateson), Mr. Clean, Kratos, Saitama, and Walter White. Baldness is sometimes an important part of these characters' biographies; for example, Saitama wanted to be a superhero and lost all of his hair in exchange for receiving superpowers. Shaved heads are also often associated with villains in fiction, such as Ernst Stavro Blofeld, Colonel Kurtz, Lex Luthor, Thanos, Bullseye, portrayed by Colin Farrell, and Alex Macqueen's version of the Master. A notable exception is Daddy Warbucks.

A goatee, usually of the Van Dyke variety, is often worn to complement the look or add sophistication; this look was popularized in the 1990s by professional wrestler "Stone Cold" Steve Austin. For most of the crime drama series Breaking Bad, Walter White (played by Bryan Cranston) wore a Van Dyke with a shaved head.

In futuristic settings, shaved heads are often associated with bland uniformity, especially in sterile settings such as V for Vendetta and THX 1138. In the 1927 sci-fi film Metropolis, hundreds of extras had their heads shaved to represent the oppressed masses of a future dystopia.

It is less common for female characters to have shaved heads, though some actresses have shaved their heads or used bald caps for roles.

Modern subcultures

Skinheads

In the 1960s, some British working-class youths developed the skinhead subculture, whose members were distinguished by short cropped hair (although they did not shave their heads down to the scalp at the time). This look was partly influenced by the Jamaican rude boy style. It was not until the skinhead revival in the late 1970s—with the appearance of punk-influenced Oi! skinheads—that many skinheads started shaving their hair right down to the scalp. Head shaving has also appeared in other youth-oriented subcultures such as the hardcore, black metal, metalcore, nu metal, hip hop, techno, and neo-nazi scenes.

Sexuality and gender

A sexual fetish involving head shaving is called haircut fetishism. While a shaved head on a man is often seen as a sign of authority and virility, a shaved head on a woman typically connotes androgyny, especially when combined with traditionally feminine signifiers. Drag queens have sometimes adopted shaved heads to express a genderqueer image. In the BDSM community, shaving a submissive or slave's head is often used to demonstrate powerlessness or submission to the will of a dominant.

Fundraising and support

Cancer

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Women shaving their heads at the 46 Mommas event, a cancer-related fundraising and awareness program

Baldness is perhaps the most famous side effect of the chemotherapy treatment for cancer, and some people shave their heads before undergoing such treatment or after the hair loss starts to become apparent; some people chose to shave their heads in solidarity with cancer sufferers, especially as part of a fundraising effort.

Covhead-19 Challenge

During the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, many countries imposed strict lockdown procedures and actively encouraged members of the public to self-isolate. Many people, particularly men, began to shave their heads during lockdown due to boredom and/or being unable to have their hair cut as barbershops were forced to stay closed. In the UK, a fundraising effort began to support its National Health Service, which suffered from the enormous pressure of the pandemic. The effort was started on Just Giving with a goal of £100,000; it encouraged people to shave their heads whilst also donating money to the NHS and was dubbed the "Covhead-19 Challenge". Various celebrities also took part.

See also

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• Social role of hair
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