United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit

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Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox U.S. federal court

The United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (in case citations, 2d Cir.) is one of the thirteen United States Courts of Appeals. Its territory covers the states of Connecticut, New York, and Vermont, and it has appellate jurisdiction over the U.S. district courts in the following federal judicial districts:

The Second Circuit has its clerk's office and courtrooms at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse at 40 Foley Square in Lower Manhattan.

Because the Second Circuit includes New York City, it has long been one of the largest and most influential American federal appellate courts, especially in matters of contract law, securities law, and antitrust law. In the 20th century, it came to be considered one of the two most prestigious federal appellate courts, along with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.[1] Several notable judges have served on the Second Circuit, including three later named Associate Justices of the United States Supreme Court: John Marshall Harlan II, Thurgood Marshall, and Sonia Sotomayor. Judge Learned Hand served on the court from 1924 to 1961, as did his cousin, Augustus Noble Hand, from 1927 until 1953. Judge Henry Friendly served from 1959 to 1986.

Current composition of the court

Template:As of:

# Title Judge Duty station Born Term of service Appointed by
Active Chief Senior
66 Chief Judge Debra Ann Livingston New York, NY 1959 2007–present 2020–present — Template:Sort
69 Circuit Judge Raymond Lohier New York, NY 1965 2010–present — — Template:Sort
72 Circuit Judge Richard J. Sullivan New York, NY 1964 2018–present — — Template:Sort
73 Circuit Judge Joseph F. Bianco Central Islip, NY 1966 2019–present — — Template:Sort
74 Circuit Judge Michael H. Park New York, NY 1976 2019–present — — Template:Sort
75 Circuit Judge William J. Nardini New Haven, CT 1969 2019–present — — Template:Sort
76 Circuit Judge Steven Menashi New York, NY 1979 2019–present — — Template:Sort
77 Circuit Judge Eunice C. Lee New York, NY 1970 2021–present — — Template:Sort
78 Circuit Judge Beth Robinson Burlington, VT 1965 2021–present — — Template:Sort
79 Circuit Judge Myrna Pérez New York, NY 1974 2021–present — — Template:Sort
80 Circuit Judge Alison Nathan New York, NY 1972 2022–present — — Template:Sort
81 Circuit Judge Sarah A. L. Merriam Bridgeport, CT 1971 2022–present — — Template:Sort
82 Circuit Judge Maria Araújo Kahn New Haven, CT 1964 2023–present — — Template:Sort
41 Senior Circuit Judge Jon O. Newman Hartford, CT 1932 1979–1997 1993–1997 1997–present Template:Sort
42 Senior Circuit Judge Amalya Kearse New York, NY 1937 1979–2002 — 2002–present Template:Sort
50 Senior Circuit Judge John M. Walker Jr. New Haven, CT 1940 1989–2006 2000–2006 2006–present Template:Sort
52 Senior Circuit Judge Dennis Jacobs New York, NY 1944 1992–2019 2006–2013 2019–present Template:Sort
53 Senior Circuit Judge Pierre N. Leval New York, NY 1936 1993–2002 — 2002–present Template:Sort
54 Senior Circuit Judge Guido Calabresi New Haven, CT 1932 1994–2009 — 2009–present Template:Sort
55 Senior Circuit Judge José A. Cabranes New Haven, CT 1940 1994–2023 — 2023–present Template:Sort
59 Senior Circuit Judge Robert D. Sack New York, NY 1939 1998–2009 — 2009–present Template:Sort
62 Senior Circuit Judge Barrington D. Parker Jr. New York, NY 1944 2001–2009 — 2009–present Template:Sort
63 Senior Circuit Judge Reena Raggi Brooklyn, NY 1951 2002–2018 — 2018–present Template:Sort
64 Senior Circuit Judge Richard C. Wesley Geneseo, NY 1949 2003–2016 — 2016–present Template:Sort
67 Senior Circuit Judge Gerard E. Lynch New York, NY 1951 2009–2016 — 2016–present Template:Sort
68 Senior Circuit Judge Denny Chin New York, NY 1954 2010–2021 — 2021–present Template:Sort
70 Senior Circuit Judge Susan L. Carney New Haven, CT 1951 2011–2022 — 2022–present Template:Sort

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List of former judges

# Judge State Born–died Active service Chief Judge Senior status Appointed by Reason for
termination
1 Template:Sortname New York 1837–1917 1891–1907[Note 1] — — Template:Sortname / Operation of law retirement
2 Template:Sortname New York 1846–1924 1891–1916[Note 2] — — Template:Sortname / Operation of law retirement
3 Template:Sortname Connecticut 1828–1906 1892–1902 — — Template:Sortname retirement
4 Template:Sortname Connecticut 1849–1907 1902–1907 — — Template:Sortname death
5 Template:Sortname New York 1847–1923 1902–1917 — — Template:Sortname retirement
6 Template:Sortname New York 1851–1933 1907–1921[2] — 1921–1924 Template:Sortname retirement
7 Template:Sortname Connecticut 1865–1926 1907–1913[2] — — Template:Sortname resignation
8 Template:Sortname New York 1843–1923 1910–1916 — — [3] reassigned to the 4th Circuit
9 Template:Sortname Connecticut 1853–1926 1913–1926 — — Template:Sortname death
10 Template:Sortname New York 1858–1927 1916–1927 — — Template:Sortname death
11 Template:Sortname New York 1880–1946 1918–1939 — — Template:Sortname resignation
12 Template:Sortname New York 1865–1925 1921–1924 — — Template:Sortname resignation
13 Template:Sortname New York 1872–1961 1924–1951 1948–1951 1951–1961 Template:Sortname death
14 Template:Sortname Connecticut 1877–1975 1926–1953 1951–1953 1953–1975 Template:Sortname death
15 Template:Sortname New York 1869–1954 1927–1953 — 1953–1954 Template:Sortname death
16 Template:Sortname Vermont 1889–1969 1929–1954 1953–1954 1954–1969 Template:Sortname death
17 Template:Sortname Illinois 1866–1943 1929–1940 — 1940–1943 [4] death
18 Template:Sortname Connecticut 1889–1963 1939–1963 1954–1959 — Template:Sortname death
19 Template:Sortname New York 1891–1952 1939–1940 — — Template:Sortname resignation
20 Template:Sortname New York 1889–1957 1941–1957 — — Template:Sortname death
21 Template:Sortname New York 1888–1990 1951–1958 — 1958–1980 Template:Sortname retirement
22 Template:Sortname Connecticut 1889–1964 1953–1959 — 1959–1964 Template:Sortname death
23 Template:Sortname New York 1899–1971 1954–1955 — — Template:Sortname elevation to Supreme Court
24 Template:Sortname New York 1901–1999 1955–1971 1959–1971 1971–1999 Template:Sortname death
25 Template:Sortname Vermont 1901–1984 1955–1970 — 1970–1984 Template:Sortname death
26 Template:Sortname New York 1898–1982 1957–1971 — 1971–1982 Template:Sortname death
27 Template:Sortname New York 1903–1986 1959–1974 1971–1973 1974–1986 Template:Sortname death
28 Template:Sortname Connecticut 1904–1980 1960–1971 — 1971–1980 Template:Sortname death
29 Template:Sortname New York 1910–1992 1961–1987 1973–1980 1987–1992 Template:Sortname death
30 Template:Sortname New York 1903–1980 1961–1974 — 1974–1980 Template:Sortname death
31 Template:Sortname New York 1908–1993 1961–1965 — — Template:Sortname resignation
32 Template:Sortname Connecticut 1906–1978 1964–1971 — 1971–1978 Template:Sortname death
33 Template:Sortname New York 1920–2014 1966–1991 1980–1988 1991–2014 Template:Sortname death
34 Template:Sortname New York 1911–1987 1971–1981 — 1981–1987 Template:Sortname death
35 Template:Sortname New York 1918–1996 1971–1981 — — Template:Sortname resignation
36 Template:Sortname Vermont 1924–2007 1971–1992 1988–1992 1992–2007 Template:Sortname death
37 Template:Sortname Connecticut 1915–1994 1971–1981 — 1981–1994 Template:Sortname death
38 Template:Sortname New York 1907–1979 1974–1979 — — Template:Sortname[5] death
39 Template:Sortname New York 1915–2004 1974–1985 — 1985–2004 Template:Sortname death
40 Template:Sortname Connecticut 1928–2007 1975–1993 1992–1993 1993–2007 Template:Sortname death
43 Template:Sortname New York 1925–2015 1981–1993 — 1993–2015 Template:Sortname death
44 Template:Sortname New York 1924–2020 1981–1990 — 1990–1995 Template:Sortname retirement
45 Ralph K. Winter Jr. Connecticut 1935–2020 1981–2000 1997–2000 2000–2020 Template:Sortname death
46 Template:Sortname New York 1928–present 1982–1993 — 1993–1995 Template:Sortname retirement
47 Template:Sortname New York 1934–2012 1985–1997 — 1997–2012 Template:Sortname death
48 Template:Sortname New York 1928–1998 1985–1996 — 1996–1998 Template:Sortname death
49 Template:Sortname New York 1931–1996 1986–1996 — — Template:Sortname death
51 Template:Sortname New York 1933–2013 1990–1998 — 1998–2013 Template:Sortname death
56 Template:Sortname Vermont 1938–2003 1994–2003 — — Template:Sortname death
57 Template:Sortname New York 1938–2023 1998–2022 — 2022–2023 Template:Sortname death
58 Template:Sortname New York 1937–2024 1998–2008 — 2008–2024 Template:Sortname death
60 Template:Sortname New York 1954–present 1998–2009 — — Template:Sortname elevation to Supreme Court
61 Template:Sortname New York 1953–2021 1999–2021 2013–2020 2021 Template:Sortname death
65 Template:Sortname Vermont 1948–2021 2004–2021 — 2021 Template:Sortname death
71 Template:Sortname Connecticut 1954–present 2011–2019 — 2019–2020 Template:Sortname retirement

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Template:Reflist

Chief judges

Chief Judge
Hand 1948–1951
Swan 1951–1953
Chase 1953–1954
Clark 1954–1959
Lumbard 1959–1971
Friendly 1971–1973
Kaufman 1973–1980
Feinberg 1980–1988
Oakes 1988–1992
Meskill 1992–1993
Newman 1993–1997
Winter 1997–2000
Walker 2000–2006
Jacobs 2006–2013
Katzmann 2013–2020
Livingston 2020–present

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Chief judges have administrative responsibilities with respect to their circuits, and preside over any panel on which they serve, unless the circuit justice (the Supreme Court justice responsible for the circuit) is also on the panel. Unlike the Supreme Court, where one justice is specifically nominated to be chief, the office of chief judge rotates among the circuit judges.

To be chief, a judge must have been in active service on the court for at least one year, be under the age of 65, and have not previously served as chief judge. A vacancy is filled by the judge highest in seniority among the group of qualified judges, with seniority determined first by commission date, then by age. The chief judge serves for a term of seven years, or until age 70, whichever occurs first. If no judge qualifies to be chief, the youngest judge over the age of 65 who has served on the court for at least one year shall act as chief until another judge qualifies. If no judge has served on the court for more than a year, the most senior judge shall act as chief. Judges can forfeit or resign their chief judgeship or acting chief judgeship while retaining their active status as a circuit judge.[6]

When the office was created in 1948, the chief judge was the longest-serving judge who had not elected to retire, on what has since 1958 been known as senior status, or declined to serve as chief judge. After August 6, 1959, judges could not become or remain chief after turning 70 years old. The current rules have been in operation since October 1, 1982.[7]

Succession of seats

The court has thirteen seats for active judges, numbered in the order in which they were initially filled. Judges who assume senior status enter a kind of retirement in which they remain on the bench but vacate their seats, thus allowing the U.S. President to appoint new judges to fill their seats.

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See also

References

Template:Reflist

External links

Template:Wikisource index

Template:United States courts of appeals judges Template:United States 2nd Circuit district judges Template:United States 2nd Circuit senior district judges Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Authority control

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ a b Recess appointment, confirmed by the United States Senate at a later date.
  3. ↑ Knapp did not have a permanent seat on this court. Instead, he was appointed to the ill-fated United States Commerce Court in 1910 by William Howard Taft. Aside from their duties on the Commerce Court, the judges of the Commerce Court also acted as at-large appellate judges, able to be assigned by the Chief Justice of the United States to whichever circuit most needed help. Knapp was assigned to the Second Circuit upon his commission.
  4. ↑ Mack did not have a permanent seat on this court. Instead, he was appointed to the ill-fated United States Commerce Court in 1911 by William Howard Taft. Aside from their duties on the Commerce Court, the judges of the Commerce Court also acted as at-large appellate judges, able to be assigned by the Chief Justice of the United States to whichever circuit most needed help. Mack was assigned to the Seventh Circuit immediately prior to his joint assignment to the Second and Sixth Circuit. Reassigned solely to the Second Circuit in 1930.
  5. ↑ Gurfein was nominated for a seat on the Second Circuit by President Nixon, but he was confirmed after Nixon's resignation and was appointed to the Second Circuit by (i.e., received his commission from) President Ford.
  6. ↑ 28 U.S.C. Template:Trim/Template:Trim § Template:Trim
  7. ↑ 62 Stat. 871, 72 Stat. 497, 96 Stat. 51


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