Jackson County, Alabama

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Jackson County is the northeasternmost county in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 52,579.[1] The county seat is Scottsboro.[2] The county was named for Andrew Jackson, general in the United States Army and afterward President of the United States of America.[3] Jackson County is a prohibition or dry county, but three cities within the county (Bridgeport, Scottsboro, and Stevenson) are "wet", allowing alcohol sales. Jackson County comprises the Scottsboro, Alabama Micropolitan Statistical Area, and Jackson county is included in the Chattanooga–Cleveland–Dalton combined statistical area. It is the site of Russell Cave National Monument, an archeological site with evidence of 8,000 years of human occupation in the Southeast.

History

Jackson County was established on December 13, 1819, after the federal government arranged a treaty to remove the Cherokee from the area and extinguish their land claims.[4] The hilly and mountainous terrain of the Appalachians made the area unsuitable for the plantation-style agriculture of the lowlands and coastal area. It was settled largely by families from Tennessee, South Carolina, and Georgia.[5]

This area was developed largely for subsistence farming, and few families held any slaves. For instance, in 1860, Bellefonte, Alabama, then the county seat and largest community in the county, had a population of 181, of whom eight were free blacks and the remainder were white. No slaves were recorded in that community.[6]

The county is crossed by a number of rivers and waterways; the most important is the Tennessee River, which drains most of the county. The current county seat of Scottsboro developed along the river, and was also the site of a railroad station when railroads reached the area. Hydroelectric power was developed in the first quarter of the 20th century to generate energy for industry. By the mid-20th century, industry had replaced agriculture as the most important element of the economy.[5]

Geography

File:Jackson-County-AL-census-map.png
Map of Jackson County showing census subdivisions

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of Script error: No such module "convert"., of which Script error: No such module "convert". is land and Script error: No such module "convert". (%) is water.[7] It is the fifth-largest county in Alabama by total area. Much of it is located in the Appalachians.

Of special interest is Russell Cave National Monument, which is located in Doran Cove, approximately 5 miles west of the town of Bridgeport. It is believed to offer "one of the most complete records of prehistoric culture in the southeast United States."[5] Russell Cave was declared a National Monument in May 1961 by President John F. Kennedy. The Monument consists of Script error: No such module "convert". of land donated by the National Geographic Society.

The cave is an important archaeological site that was excavated in 1956 by the Smithsonian Institution and the National Geographic Society. The October 1956 issue of National Geographic Magazine featured an article reporting, "Life 8,000 Years Ago Uncovered in an Alabama Cave." Evidence was found of human occupation of the cave from 6200 B.C. to A.D. 1650. The article was written by Carl F. Miller, the expedition leader.[8] There have been follow-up studies about this site.

Adjacent counties

National protected areas

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Template:Sronly%±
18208,751—
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191032,918Script error: No such module "String".%
192035,864Script error: No such module "String".%
193036,881Script error: No such module "String".%
194041,802Script error: No such module "String".%
195038,998Script error: No such module "String".%
196036,681Script error: No such module "String".%
197039,202Script error: No such module "String".%
198051,407Script error: No such module "String".%
199047,796Script error: No such module "String".%
200053,926Script error: No such module "String".%
201053,227Script error: No such module "String".%
202052,579Script error: No such module "String".%
2024 (est.)53,780[9]Script error: No such module "String".%
U.S. Decennial Census[10]
1790–1960[11] 1900–1990[12]
1990–2000[13] 2010–2020[1]

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2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 52,579. The median age was 44.5 years. 20.6% of residents were under the age of 18 and 21.0% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 95.2 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 92.3 males age 18 and over.[14][15]

The racial makeup of the county was 86.5% White, 3.1% Black or African American, 1.5% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.4% Asian, 0.0% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 1.8% from some other race, and 6.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 3.2% of the population.[15]

24.7% of residents lived in urban areas, while 75.3% lived in rural areas.[16]

There were 21,733 households in the county, of which 27.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 26.9% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 28.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[14]

There were 24,627 housing units, of which 11.8% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 74.5% were owner-occupied and 25.5% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.4% and the rental vacancy rate was 8.9%.[14]

Racial and ethnic composition

Jackson County, Alabama – Racial and ethnic composition
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Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2000[17] Pop 2010[18] Pop 2020[19] % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 49,200 47,937 45,123 91.24% 90.06% 85.82%
Black or African American alone (NH) 2,002 1,771 1,624 3.71% 3.33% 3.09%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 927 680 680 1.72% 1.28% 1.29%
Asian alone (NH) 123 165 214 0.23% 0.31% 0.41%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 9 29 2 0.02% 0.05% 0.00%
Other race alone (NH) 19 24 109 0.04% 0.05% 0.21%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) 1,036 1,282 3,146 1.92% 2.41% 5.98%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 610 1,339 1,681 1.13% 2.52% 3.20%
Total 53,926 53,227 52,579 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 21,615 households, out of which 31.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.00% were married couples living together, 10.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.80% were non-families. Nearly 24.30% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47, and the average family size was 2.92.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.20% under the age of 18, 8.30% from 18 to 24, 28.70% from 25 to 44, 25.40% from 45 to 64, and 13.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.00 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $32,020, and the median income for a family was $38,082. Males had a median income of $29,777 versus $20,990 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,000. About 10.30% of families and 13.70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.20% of those under age 18 and 21.00% of those age 65 or over.

2000 census

As of the census[20] of 2000, there were 53,926 people, 21,615 households, and 15,822 families residing in the county. The population density was Script error: No such module "convert".. There were 24,168 housing units at an average density of Script error: No such module "convert".. The racial makeup of the county was 91.89% White (non-Hispanic), 3.74% Black or African American, 1.75% Native American, 0.23% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.36% from other races, and 2.00% from two or more races. 1.61% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

In 2000, the largest ancestry groups in Jackson County were English 69.1%, Scots-Irish 5.21%, Scottish 4.67%, and African 3.74%.

Politics

While most of North Alabama became solidly Republican during the 1970s, Jackson County remained a stronghold of the Democratic Party for elections to local office up through the 2000s (however, like many Southern Democrats, the county's voters are not liberal). Until November 2012, Democrats were elected to Jackson County government. In that year's general election, two Republicans were elected to the Jackson County Commission—the first Republicans to serve on the Commission since Reconstruction.[21]

There is now an all-Republican political delegation in Jackson County. Tommy Hanes and Ritchie Whorton represent the county in the Alabama House of Representatives. Steve Livingston serves Jackson County in the Alabama State Senate. In 2004, Jackson County voted for Republican George W. Bush over Democrat John Kerry. It was the first time Jackson County voters had chosen a Republican presidential candidate over a Democrat since 1972.

In 2008, Republican presidential nominee John McCain won the county with 67.7 percent of the vote.[22] In 2010, Republican gubernatorial candidate Robert J. Bentley received 56% of the vote,[23] Republican House candidate Mo Brooks received 55% of the vote,[24] and incumbent Senator Richard Shelby received 70% in the county.[25] However, Democratic politicians continued to be elected to local positions such as County Sheriff and the school board.[26]

The current Jackson County Commission is headed by Chairman General Willie Nance Jr.

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Transportation

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County Road 98 in northern Jackson County

Major highways

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Rail

Communities

Cities

Towns

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Unincorporated communities

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Ghost towns

See also

References

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  1. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ "Counties: Jackson County", Alabama Department of Archives and History, 2014
  5. ↑ a b c Donna J. Siebenthaler, "Jackson County", Encyclopedia of Alabama, 2018; accessed September 21, 2018
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Carl F. Miller, "Life 8,000 Years Ago Uncovered in an Alabama Cave", National Geographic Magazine, pp. 542–558
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  14. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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Further reading

  • The Heritage of Jackson County, Alabama, Clanton, Ala.: Heritage Publishing Consultants, 1998.
  • Kennamer, John Robert. The History of Jackson County, Alabama, Scottsboro, Ala.: Jackson County Historical Association, 1993.

External links

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