Scabiosa
Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox
Scabiosa Template:IPAc-en[1] is a genus in the honeysuckle family (Caprifoliaceae) of flowering plants.[2] Many of the species in this genus have common names that include the word scabious, but some plants commonly known as scabious are currently classified in related genera such as Knautia and Succisa; at least some of these were formerly placed in Scabiosa. Another common name for members of this genus is pincushion flowers.
Etymology
The common name 'scabious' comes the Latin word scabiosus meaning 'mangy, rough or itchy' which refers to the herb's traditional usage as a folk medicine to treat scabies, an illness that causes a severe itching sensation.[3]
Description
Some species of Scabiosa are annuals, others perennials. Some are herbaceous plants; others have woody rootstocks. The leaves of most species are somewhat hairy and partly divided into lobes, but a few are smooth and some species have simple leaves. The flowers are borne on inflorescences in the form of heads; each head contains many small florets, each floret cupped in a membranous, saucer-shaped bract. The calyx has five sepals in the form of awns almost as long as the petals. After the flowers have dropped, the calyces together with the bracts form a spiky ball that may be the reason for the "pincushion" common name. The calyx is persistent and remains as a crown on the fruit after it is shed. The corolla has four to five lobes fringing a narrow funnel with a furry throat, the funnel being somewhat longer than the lobes. The florets have four stamens each, set high in the tube, and sticking out. Each fruit has just one seed.
In a few species the heads are sessile but in most species they are borne singly on a tall peduncle.
Scabiosa species and varieties differ in the colours of their flowers, but most are soft lavender blue, lilac or creamy white.
Taxonomy
It was first published in Species Plantarum on page 98 in 1753.[4]
Species
As accepted by Plants of the World Online;[4] Template:Div col
- Scabiosa adzharica SchchianScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa africana L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa albanensis R.A.DyerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa amoena J.Jacq.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa andryifolia (Pau) DevesaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa angustiloba (Sond.) B.L.Burtt ex Hutch.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa arenaria Forssk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa atropurpurea L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa austroafricana HeineScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa balcanica (Velen.) Velen.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa × beauverdiana Palez.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa bipinnata K.KochScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa buekiana Eckl. & Zeyh.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa canescens Waldst. & Kit.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa cartenniana A.Pons & QuézelScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa cephalarioides Lojac.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa cinerea Lapeyr. ex Lam.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa colchica StevenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa columbaria L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa comosa Fisch. ex Roem. & Schult.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa correvoniana Sommier & LevierScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa corsica (Litard.) GamisansScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa crinita Kotschy & Boiss.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa daucoides Desf.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa drakensbergensis B.L.BurttScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa eremophila Boiss.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa farinosa Coss.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa fumarioides Vis. & PančićScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa galianoi Devesa, Ortega Oliv. & J.LópezScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa holosericea Bertol.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa imeretica (Sommier & Levier) Sulak.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa incisa Mill.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa ispartaca Yıld.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa japonica Miq.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa jezoensis NakaiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa lacerifolia HayataScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa lachnophylla Kitag.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa libyca AlaviScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa lucida Vill.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa × lucidula BeckScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa mollissima Viv.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa nitens Roem. & Schult.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa ochroleuca L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa owerinii Boiss.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa paphlagonica Bornm.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa parielii MaireScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa parviflora Desf.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa praemontana PrivalovaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa pyrenaica All.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa semipapposa Salzm. ex DC.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa silenifolia Waldst. & Kit.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa sirnakia Yıld.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa sivrihisarica Yıld.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa solymica (Parolly, Eren & Nordt) GöktürkScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa sosnowskyi Sulak.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa taygetea Boiss. & Heldr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa tenuis Spruner ex Boiss.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa thysdrusiana Le Houér.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa transvaalensis S.MooreScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa triandra L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa triniifolia Friv.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa turolensis PauScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa tuzluca Yıld.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa tysonii L.BolusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa velenovskiana BobrovScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa vestina Facchini ex W.D.J.KochScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scabiosa webbiana D.DonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Distribution
Members of this genus are native to Africa, Europe and Asia. Some species of Scabiosa, notably small scabious (S. columbaria) and Mediterranean sweet scabious (S. atropurpurea) have been developed into cultivars for gardeners.
In 1782, a mysterious pale yellow scabious, called "Scabiosa trenta", was described by Belsazar Hacquet, an Austrian physician, botanist, and mountaineer, in his work Plantae alpinae Carniolicae. It became a great source of inspiration for later botanists and mountaineers discovering the Julian Alps, especially Julius Kugy. The Austrian botanist Anton Kerner von Marilaun later proved Belsazar Hacquet had not found a new species, but a specimen of the already known submediterranean Cephalaria leucantha.[5]
They are found in various habitats such as Scabiosa solymica (formerly named Lomelosia solymica), which is a chasmophyte (a plant adapted to growing in crevices or hollows) of montane, sea facing cliffs of the Tahtalı Dağı (mountain) in the western Taurus Mountains, south of Antalya, Turkey.[6]
Ecology
Scabious flowers are nectar rich and attractive to many insects including butterflies and moths such as the six-spot burnet. Scabiosa species are food plants for the larvae of some species of Lepidoptera such as the grey pug moth.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".