Santoni (tribe)
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The Santoni or Santones (Template:Langx) were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the later region of Saintonge during the Iron Age and the Roman period.
Name
These people are noted as Santonum, Santonos and Santonis by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC),[1] Santónōn (Σαντόνων) by Strabo (early 1st c. AD),[2] Santoni by Pliny (1st c. AD),[3] Santonis by Pomponius Mela (mid-1st c. AD) and Tacitus (early 2nd c. AD),[4] as Sántones (Σάντονες, var. Σάντωνες) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD).[5][6]
The city of Saintes, attested in the 1st c. AD as Mediolanum Santonum (a Sanctone in the 10th c., Xainctes 11th c.) and the region of Saintonge, attested in the 4th c. AD as Santonica tellus (Xanctonia in 1242, Zantonge ca. 1370), are named after the Gallic tribe.Template:Sfn
Geography
The Santoni lived in the north of the Garonne estuary, in the modern Saintonge region.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
During the Roman period, their chief town was Mediolanum Santonum (modern Saintes).Template:Sfn
History
Their territory was the destination of the failed migration of the Helvetii circa 58 BC.,Template:Sfn which they opposed along with the Pictones. Initially, they cooperated with Julius Caesar's navy and traded goods.[7] Later, Caesar's plans for conquest of the Gallic tribes divided them. They provided 12,000 men to the Gallic coalition against Rome at the Battle of Alesia in 52 BC.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
References
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- ↑ Caesar. Commentarii de Bello Gallico, 1:10:1, 1:11:6, 7:75:3.
- ↑ Strabo. Geōgraphiká, 4:2:1.
- ↑ Pliny. Naturalis Historia, 4:108.
- ↑ Pomponius Mela. De situ orbis, 3:2:23; Tacitus. Annales, 6:7.
- ↑ Ptolemy. Geōgraphikḕ Hyphḗgēsis, 2:7:6.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes"., s.v. Santones.
- ↑ 'A history of ancient geography among the Greeks and Romans', Sir Edward Herbert Bunbury, p.117, Oxford Press, 1879
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Bibliography
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External links
- Laurence Tranoy, « Mediolanum Santonum, Saintes : de la fondation à l’époque julio-claudienne », Roma. La época de la expansión exterior de Roma. Cartago. Alicante : Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes, 2007, p 226.
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