Santa Clara County, California

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Santa Clara County, officially the County of Santa Clara, is the sixth-most populous county in the U.S. state of California, with a population of 1,936,259 as of the 2020 census.[1] Santa Clara County and neighboring San Benito County form the San Jose–Sunnyvale–Santa Clara metropolitan statistical area, which is part of the larger San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland combined statistical area. Santa Clara is the most populous county in the San Francisco Bay Area and in Northern California.

The county seat and largest city with a population of 971,233 is San Jose, the 13th-most populous city in the nation, California's third-most populous city, and the most populous city in Northern California.

Home to Silicon Valley, Santa Clara County is an economic center for high technology, and had the third-highest gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in the world as of 2015 behind Zürich and Oslo, according to the Brookings Institution.[2][3] Located on the southern coast of San Francisco Bay, the urbanized Santa Clara Valley within Santa Clara County contains most of the county's population. More recently, extensive droughts in California, further complicated by drainage of the Anderson reservoir within the county for seismic repairs, have strained the county's water security.[4][5]

As of 2020, it has a median household income of $130,890, the third-highest household income of any county in the nation behind Loudoun County, Virginia and Falls Church, Virginia, and the highest of any county in the Western United States.[6][7]

Etymology

File:USA-San Jose-70 West Hedding Street-East Wing-2.jpg
Santa Clara County Government Center in central San Jose

Santa Clara County is named for Mission Santa Clara, which was established in 1777, and was in turn named for Saint Clare of Assisi.[8]

History

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File:1849 Oil Painting of Mission Santa Clara de Asis.png
Mission Santa Clara de Asís in 1849

Santa Clara County was one of the original counties of California, formed in 1850 at the time of statehood. The original inhabitants included the Ohlone, residing on Coyote Creek and Calaveras Creek. Part of the county's territory was given to Alameda County in 1853.[9]

In 1882, Santa Clara County tried to levy taxes upon property of the Southern Pacific Railroad within county boundaries. The result was the U.S. Supreme Court case of Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad, 118 U.S. 394 (1886), in which the court extended due-process rights to artificial legal entities.

In the early 20th century, the area was promoted as the "Valley of the Heart's Delight" due to its natural beauty, including a significant number of orchards.[10] The region was also memorably referred to as the "sun-kissed Santa Clara Valley" in Jack London's 1903 Call of the Wild.[11]

The first major technology company to be based in the area was Hewlett-Packard, founded in a garage in Palo Alto in 1939. IBM selected San Jose as its West Coast headquarters in 1943. Varian Associates, Fairchild Semiconductor, and other early innovators were in the county by the late 1940s and 1950s. The U.S. Navy had a large presence in the area and began giving large contracts to Silicon Valley electronics companies. The term "Silicon Valley" was coined in 1971. The trend accelerated in the 1980s and 1990s, and agriculture has since been nearly eliminated from the northern part of the county.

Santa Clara County is the headquarters for about 6500 high-technology companies, including many of the world's largest such companies, including AMD, Nvidia, Cisco Systems, and Intel, computer and consumer electronics companies Apple Inc. and Hewlett-Packard, and internet companies eBay, Google, and Yahoo!. Most of what is considered to be Silicon Valley is within the county, although some adjoining tech regions in San Mateo (e.g., Meta), Alameda, and Santa Cruz counties are also considered part of Silicon Valley.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of Script error: No such module "convert"..[12]

Counties which border with Santa Clara County are, clockwise, Alameda County, San Joaquin (within a few hundred feet at Mount Boardman), Stanislaus, Merced, San Benito, Santa Cruz, and San Mateo County. Santa Clara County formerly shared borders with Contra Costa, San Francisco, Mariposa, Monterey, and Tuolumne counties until 1853, 1856, 1874, and 1854 respectively (Monterey County currently comes within a few miles of Santa Clara).

The San Andreas Fault runs along the Santa Cruz Mountains in the south and west of the county.

National protected area

Fauna

File:Tule Elk - Merced National Wildlife Refuge Bill Leikam 12-03-2010.jpg
Tule elk roam the Diablo Range and are often seen on Coyote Ridge from U.S. Highway 101 - courtesy Bill Leikam.
File:Tule Elk Basking Ridge Park, Santa Clara County Edgerton 2009-12-24.png
Three tule elk just north of U. S. Highway 101 in Basking Ridge Park. The freeway is a barrier to elk migration to the Coast Range. Courtesy Craige Edgerton

Both tule elk (Cervus canadensis nannodes) and pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) were historically native to Santa Clara County. In June 1776, Lieutenant Commander Don José Joaquín Moraga led a group of soldiers and colonists from the Presidio of Monterey to establish Mission San Francisco de Asis and encountered both tule elk and pronghorn, and clearly distinguished these two species from deer.[13] The deer in California being California mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus).

Regarding elk, Moraga wrote: "In the great plain called San Bernardino (the Santa Clara Valley which stretches from south San Jose to Gilroy), while the expedition was strung out at length, we descried in the distance a herd of large animals that looked like cattle, but we could not imagine where they belonged or from whence they had come...with horns similar in shape to those of the deer, but so large that they measured sixteen palms from tip to tip." Upon measurement, Morago reported the elk horns as four varas [Script error: No such module "convert".] across... "These animals [elk] are called ciervos in order to differentiate them from the ordinary Spanish variety of deer, here called venados, which also exist in abundance and of large size in the vicinity."[13]

Regarding pronghorn, Moraga reported: "In the said plains of San Bernardino (Santa Clara Valley)…there is another species of deer about the size of three-year-old sheep. They are similar in appearance to the deer, except they have short horns and also short legs like the sheep. They live in the plains where they go in herds of 100, 200, or more. They run all together over the plains so fast that they seem to fly…These animals are called berrendos and there are many of them also in the southern Missions wherever the country is level."[13]

Herbert Eugene Bolton also wrote of elk reports from another Spanish expedition, from the De Anza Expedition on March 23, 1776: " In Gilroy Valley (Santa Clara Valley) Moraga 's larder was replenished by three elks which the men killed without leaving the road."[14] General John Bidwell, of the 1841 Bartleson-Bidwell Party wrote: "In some of the fertile valleys, such as Napa and Santa Clara, there were elk literally by the thousand."[15]

In 1978, California Department of Fish and Game warden Henry Coletto urged the department to choose the Mount Hamilton area as one of California's relocation sites under a new statewide effort to restore tule elk. While other ranchers refused, tech pioneers Bill Hewlett and David Packard allowed Coletto and state biologists to translocate the initial 32 tule elk from the Owens Valley in the eastern Sierra onto the Script error: No such module "convert". San Felipe Ranch, which the families jointly own, in the hills east of Morgan Hill.[16] From the three original 1978–1981 translocations (totaling 65 animals) to the Mount Hamilton region of the Diablo Range, there are multiple herds in different locations including the Isabel Valley, San Antonio Valley, Livermore area, San Felipe Ranch, Metcalf Canyon, Coyote Ridge, Anderson Lake, and surrounding areas such as the Sunol and Cottonwood Creek (near San Luis Reservoir in western Merced County, California) herds.[17] As of 2012Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., an estimated 400 tule elk roam Script error: No such module "convert". in northeastern Santa Clara County and southeastern Alameda County.[18] In March 2014 CDFW translocated nine bull elk from the San Luis National Wildlife Refuge to add genetic diversity to the San Antonio Valley Ecological Reserve herd in San Antonio Valley in extreme eastern Santa Clara County.[19] As of 2017 there were four herds in the Coyote Ridge area, often visible from U. S. Highway 101, according to Craige Edgerton, recently retired executive director of the Silicon Valley Land Conservancy and local naturalist Michael Hundt.[20] In 2019, a fifth herd of tule elk was documented by local naturalist Roger Castillo, likely having split from the Coyote Ridge herd and established itself in Silver Creek Valley around the closed Ranch Golf Club.[21] The elk herds in eastern Santa Clara County are blocked from dispersal to the west by U.S. Highway 101, with environmentalists advocating re-purposing the Metcalf Road bridge at the Coyote Gap into a wildlife overcrossing.[17] This would enable elk to recolonize rural southwestern Santa Clara County, as well as Santa Cruz and San Mateo Counties.

In 1990, the California Department of Fish and Game's Henry Coletto translocated excess pronghorn from Modoc County to six locations in California, including 51 animals to the San Felipe Ranch in Santa Clara County, where the swift-footed ungulates had not lived for generations.[22] The animals left the San Felipe Ranch for the Isabel and San Antonio Valleys, as well as an area near Lake Del Valle in Alameda County may now be extirpated by poaching, highway vehicle collisions, and insufficient numbers to defend pronghorn fawns against coyote predation.[23] As of 2012, the Isabel Valley Ranch herd had dwindled to 3 animals, and the Lake del Valle herd to 13.[24] Currently, iNaturalist.org has zero observer records of pronghorn in Santa Clara County.[25]

The Nature Conservancy "Mount Hamilton Project" has acquired or put under conservation easement Script error: No such module "convert". of land towards its Script error: No such module "convert". goal for habitat conservation within a Script error: No such module "convert". area encompassing much of eastern Santa Clara County as well as portions of southern Alameda County, western Merced and Stanislaus Counties, and northern San Benito County. Acquisitions to date include the Script error: No such module "convert". Rancho Cañada de Pala, straddling the Alameda Creek and Coyote Creek watersheds for California tiger salamander habitat; a conservation easement on the 3,259-acre Blue Oak Ranch Reserve, which abuts the north side of Joseph D. Grant County Park; a conservation easement on the 28,359-acre San Felipe Ranch, connecting Joseph D. Grant County Park with Henry W. Coe State Park; the 2,899-acre South Valley Ranch which protects a tule elk herd in the San Antonio Valley, and other properties.[26][27]

As of 1980, Santa Clara County had the highest number of Superfund Sites of any county in the United States, accounting for 25 polluted locations requiring a long-term response to clean up hazardous material contaminations.[28][29] As of 2019Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Santa Clara County has 23 active Superfund Sites, still more than any other county in the United States.[30] The vast majority of these Superfund sites were caused by firms associated with the high tech sector in Silicon Valley.[31]

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Template:Sronly%±
186011,912—
187026,246Script error: No such module "String".%
188035,039Script error: No such module "String".%
189048,005Script error: No such module "String".%
190060,216Script error: No such module "String".%
191083,539Script error: No such module "String".%
1920100,676Script error: No such module "String".%
1930145,118Script error: No such module "String".%
1940174,949Script error: No such module "String".%
1950290,547Script error: No such module "String".%
1960642,315Script error: No such module "String".%
19701,064,714Script error: No such module "String".%
19801,295,071Script error: No such module "String".%
19901,497,577Script error: No such module "String".%
20001,682,585Script error: No such module "String".%
20101,781,642Script error: No such module "String".%
20201,936,259Script error: No such module "String".%
2024 (est.)1,926,325[32]Script error: No such module "String".%
U.S. Decennial Census[33]
1790–1960[34] 1900–1990[35]
1990–2000[36] 2010[37] 2020[38]

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2020 census

Santa Clara County, California – Racial and ethnic composition
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Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 1980[39] Pop 1990[40] Pop 2000[41] Pop 2010[37] Pop 2020[38] % 1980 % 1990 % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 913,154 869,874 744,282 626,909 555,708 70.51% 58.09% 44.23% 35.19% 28.70%
Black or African American alone (NH) 42,237 52,583 44,475 42,331 42,148 3.26% 3.51% 2.64% 2.38% 2.18%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 8,506 6,694 5,270 4,042 3,240 0.66% 0.45% 0.31% 0.23% 0.17%
Asian alone (NH) 99,935 251,496 426,771 565,466 753,399 7.72% 16.79% 25.36% 31.74% 38.91%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) x [42] x [43] 5,040 6,252 5,945 x x 0.30% 0.35% 0.31%
Other race alone (NH) 4,628 2,366 3,522 3,877 10,195 1.44% 0.16% 0.21% 0.22% 0.53%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) x [44] x [45] 49,824 53,555 78,267 x x 2.96% 3.01% 4.04%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 226,611 314,564 403,401 479,210 487,357 17.50% 21.00% 23.98% 26.90% 25.17%
Total 1,295,071 1,497,577 1,682,585 1,781,642 1,936,259 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

The most reported ancestries in 2020 were Mexican (20%), Chinese (11.6%), Indian (10.6%), Vietnamese (8%), English (7.7%), and German (7.7%).[46]

2018

Census demographics data released in 2019 show Asian Americans have had the plurality of Santa Clara's population since 2014.[47]

File:Ethnic Origins in Santa Clara County, CA.png
Ethnic origins in Santa Clara County

2011–2014

File:Silicon Valley Income Map 20160315.png
Thematic map showing median household income across central Santa Clara County

As of 2013, Santa Clara County has the highest median household income of any county in California at $84,741.[48]

Places by population, race, and income

2010 census

The 2010 United States census reported that Santa Clara County had a population of 1,781,642. The racial makeup of Santa Clara County was 836,616 (47.0%) White, 46,428 (2.6%) African American, 12,960 (0.7%) Native American, 7,060 (0.4%) Pacific Islander, 570,524 (32.0%) Asian, 220,806 (12.4%) from other races, and 87,248 (4.9%) from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 479,210 persons (26.9% of the population).[56]

Demographic profile[57]

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2000

As of the census[58] of 2000, 1,682,585 people, 565,863 households, and 395,538 families were residing in the county. The population density was Script error: No such module "convert".. The 579,329 housing units had an average density of Script error: No such module "convert".. The ethnic makeup of the county was 53.8% White, 2.8% African American, 0.7% Native American, 25.6% Asian, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 12.1% from other races, and 4.7% from two or more races. About 24.0% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Of the 565,863 households, 34.9% had children under 18 living with them, 54.9% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.1% were not families. About 21.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.9% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.92, and the average family size was 3.41.

In the county, the age distribution was 24.7% under 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 35.4% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 9.5% who were 65 or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.80 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 101.90 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $74,335, and for a family was $81,717. Males had a median income of $56,240 versus $40,574 for females. The per capita income for the county was $32,795. About 4.9% of families and 7.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.4% of those under age 18 and 6.4% of those age 65 or over.

2020 religion census

Santa Clara County is among the most religiously diverse counties in the US. A 2020 census by the Public Religion Research Institute (unconnected to the official US census) calculates a religious diversity score of 0.876 for Santa Clara County, where 1 represents complete diversity (each religious group of equal size) and 0 a total lack of diversity. Only four counties in the US have higher diversity scores than Santa Clara County.[59]

Government

Santa Clara County has five elected supervisors, elected within their districts. The board appoints the County Executive, who is James R. Williams, J.D.[60] The County Executive is responsible for the administration of the county and appoints almost all other officers and department heads.[61]

The county is one among three counties in California (with Napa and Madera) to establish a separate department, the Santa Clara County Department of Corrections, to deal with corrections pursuant to California Government Code §23013.

The county operates the Santa Clara County Health System of medical centers and clinics.

In the United States House of Representatives, Santa Clara County is split among four congressional districts:[62]

In the California State Senate, the county is split among four legislative districts:[63]

In the California State Assembly, the county is split among six legislative districts:[64]

Voters in the county also elect a number of other officials to county-wide positions, including the Santa Clara County District Attorney, the Santa Clara County Sheriff, and a large number of criminal and civil judges that serve in courts throughout the county.

Politics

Historically, Santa Clara County was a Republican stronghold in presidential elections. From 1872 through 1984, the only Democrats to carry Santa Clara County were Franklin Roosevelt, Lyndon Johnson, and Hubert Humphrey. However, 1988 would begin to mark a significant shift in the county's political leanings, starting with Michael Dukakis' narrow win and culminating in Bill Clinton's substantial 20-point victory in 1992. Since then, the Democratic presidential candidate has won Santa Clara County by large margins, and it also strongly supports Democratic candidates in congressional elections: all politicians representing the county at the state and federal level are members of the party. The last Republican to win a majority in the county was Ronald Reagan in 1984. While Republicans remained competitive at the state and local level throughout the 1990s, there are currently no elected Republicans representing the county above the local level.

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Gubernatorial election results
Santa Clara County vote
by party in gubernatorial elections
Year GOP DEM
style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|2022 style="text-align:center;" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|30.0% 162,518 style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|70.0% 379,377
style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|2018 style="text-align:center;" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|28.6% 175,791 style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|71.4% 438,758
style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|2014 style="text-align:center;" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|27.1% 107,113 style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|72.9% 288,732
style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|2010 style="text-align:center;" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|34.9% 178,695 style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|61.3% 314,022
style="text-align:center;" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|2006 style="text-align:center;" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|52.2% 225,132 style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|42.9% 185,037
style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|2003 style="text-align:center;" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|39.2% 160,807 style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|39.9% 163,768
style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|2002 style="text-align:center;" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|32.4% 116,862 style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|55.3% 199,399
style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|1998 style="text-align:center;" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|31.7% 133,015 style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|64.3% 270,105
style="text-align:center;" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|1994 style="text-align:center;" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|47.5% 212,075 style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|47.5% 211,904
style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|1990 style="text-align:center;" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|42.6% 178,310 style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|52.2% 218,843
style="text-align:center;" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|1986 style="text-align:center;" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|59.9% 227,285 style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|37.6% 142,907
style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|1982 style="text-align:center;" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|44.0% 180,232 style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|52.9% 216,781
style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|1978 style="text-align:center;" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|29.8% 110,444 style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|61.4% 227,493
style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|1974 style="text-align:center;" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|46.7% 153,761 style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|50.6% 166,760
style="text-align:center;" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|1970 style="text-align:center;" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|51.5% 172,562 style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|46.1% 154,570
style="text-align:center;" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|1966 style="text-align:center;" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|55.4% 164,970 style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|44.6% 132,793
style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|1962 style="text-align:center;" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|47.6% 112,700 style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|51.2% 121,149

According to the California Secretary of State, as of October 2023, Santa Clara County has 1,021,457 registered voters. Of those, 525,176 (51.41%) are registered Democrats, and 167,840 (16.43%) are registered Republicans. [65]

In November 2012, all of the cities, towns, and unincorporated areas of Santa Clara County had more registered Democrats than Republicans.[66] In 2008, Barack Obama carried every city and town in the county, as well as the unincorporated areas.[67]

Following the passage of Proposition 8, Santa Clara County joined San Francisco and Los Angeles in a lawsuit, becoming, along with San Francisco and Los Angeles, the first governmental entities in the world to sue for same-sex marriage.[68]

Voter registration

Cities by population and voter registration

Crime

The following table includes the number of incidents reported in 2009 and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense. Law Enforcement in Santa Clara County is handled by the Santa Clara County Sheriff's Office and local police departments.

Cities by population and crime rates

Cities by population and crime rates
City Population[71] Violent crimes[71] Violent crime rate
per 1,000 persons 		Property crimes[71] Property crime rate
per 1,000 persons
Campbell 42,697 89 2.08 1,357 31.78
Cupertino 60,357 55 0.91 1,018 16.87
Gilroy 60,106 251 4.18 1,479 24.61
Los Altos 30,716 21 0.68 310 10.09
Los Altos Hills 8,622 3 0.35 67 7.77
Los Gatos 30,793 14 0.45 419 13.61
Milpitas 82,344 102 1.24 2,193 26.63
Monte Sereno 3,507 0 0.00 12 3.42
Morgan Hill 46,118 52 1.13 703 15.24
Mountain View 84,599 165 1.95 2,463 29.11
Palo Alto 66,938 86 1.28 1,983 29.62
San Jose 1,040,008 4,559 4.38 25,164 24.20
Santa Clara 131,173 214 1.63 4,748 36.20
Saratoga 30,666 16 0.52 240 7.83
Sunnyvale 154,859 259 1.67 3,380 21.83

Economy

The county's economy is heavily services-based. Technology, both hardware and software, dominates the service sector by value, but like any other county, Santa Clara has its share of retail and office support workers.

The San Jose/Sunnyvale/Santa Clara metropolitan region, comprising Santa Clara County and San Benito County, was ranked as the highest performing metropolitan area in the US in 2012, ahead of Austin, Texas and Raleigh, North Carolina, according to the Milken Institute.[72] The GDP of the metro area reached $176.7 billion in 2011, or $94,587 per capita,[73] roughly on par with Qatar in both total GDP and per capita (nominal).[74] GDP grew 7.7% in 2011, and in contrast with most of California, GDP and per capita GDP (nominal) was well above levels during the 2008 financial crisis. Despite relative wealth vis a vis other regions nationally, a large underclass exists whose income is roughly equivalent to that elsewhere in the country, despite extreme land prices. The surge in metro GDP is highly correlated with home prices, which for average single-family homes passed $1 million ($1,017,528) in August 2013.[75] As of the fourth quarter of 2021, the median value of homes in Santa Clara County was $1,253,400, an increase of 11.9% from the prior year, and ranking fourth in the US for highest median home value.[76]

Education

K-12 schools

School districts include:[77]

Unified

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Secondary

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Elementary

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Libraries

Santa Clara County Library is a public library system serving the communities and cities of Campbell, Cupertino, Gilroy, Los Altos, Los Altos Hills, Milpitas, Monte Sereno, Morgan Hill, Saratoga, and all unincorporated areas of the county.[78] Other cities run their own library systems.

Transportation

Air

File:Airbus A-300 UPS takes off (5863558111) (2).jpg
San Jose International Airport is ranked as the best-run airport in the United States by the ACBJ.[79]

The county's main airport is Norman Y. Mineta San José International Airport (SJC). It is a U.S. Customs and Border Protection port of entry[80] and as of 2019 has five international routes (two to Canada, one to England, one to Japan, seven to Mexico, and one to China) but the airport's busiest routes are all to cities in the western United States. San Francisco International Airport (SFO) is also often used for commercial services by residents of Santa Clara County.

Moffett Federal Airfield (NUQ), a former U.S. Naval Air Station, is used by the Air National Guard, NASA, Lockheed Martin, Google, and by the Santa Clara County Sheriff's Department as an air operations base.[81] There are also smaller general aviation airports in Palo Alto (PAO), San Jose (Reid-Hillview) (RHV), and San Martin(E16)

Rail

Script error: No such module "Multiple image". Santa Clara County is served by Caltrain commuter rail from Gilroy through San Jose and Silicon Valley north to San Francisco Airport and San Francisco. The Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority operates the VTA light rail system, which primarily serves San Jose, with one line continuing as far north as Mountain View. Santa Clara and San Jose are also served by the Altamont Corridor Express commuter rail line which provides services to Stockton, and Amtrak which provides service to Sacramento and Oakland. The Amtrak Coast Starlight train between Seattle and Los Angeles also stops in San Jose. BART currently services Milpitas and North San Jose, with plans to extend to downtown San Jose and Santa Clara.

Road

File:Santa Clara VTA bus.jpg
VTA bus arriving at Foothill College in Los Altos Hills

Buses

Santa Clara County has consolidated its transportation services into the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority, which operates a bus system.

Bicycle network

The Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority is establishing a bicycle network throughout the county. Santa Clara County Bicycle network is part of the San Francisco Bay Area Regional Bikeway Network.

Major highways

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County expressways and roads

Santa Clara County maintains a separate expressway system. Unlike expressways virtually everywhere else in California, the Santa Clara County expressways were built, signed, and maintained as county roads instead of Caltrans or another state agency. There are still signed like other county routes in California and are patrolled by the California Highway Patrol.

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There is also a large street network dominated by four- and six-lane arterials. Some of the newer boulevards (primarily in the West Valley) are divided with landscaped medians. —

Sea

The county has no commercial seaports, although small boats can access San Francisco Bay from several points. Like many other Bay Area counties, it is dependent upon the Port of Oakland for transport of ocean cargo.

Jails

Santa Clara County Department of Correction is administered by the county's sheriff's office and supervises the following facilities:

  • Santa Clara County Main Jail[82]
    • Main Jail South (up to 674 men)
    • Main Jail North (up to 919 men)
  • Elmwood Correctional Facility (up to 600 women, 2,500 men)[83]
  • North County Jail (day use only for Palo Alto courthouse)
  • Juvenile Detention[84]
    • Santa Clara County Juvenile Hall (up to 390 boys and girls)
    • William F. James Boys Ranch (up to 96 teenage boys)

Parks

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Open space preserves include:

Santa Clara County also contains Ulistac Natural Area, a volunteer maintained natural open space. Foreign and invasive species are removed when possible as native plants are introduced. Migratory birds and butterflies often use this area.

Climate

Santa Clara County
Climate chart (explanation)
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63
 
 
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█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: [85]
Imperial conversion
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█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches

Sister counties

To promote friendship and understanding and to build bridges with countries of origin for various ethnic populations in the county, the County of Santa Clara has created a Sister County Commission to coordinate the program. As of 2023, there are two sister counties:[86]

A previously established relationship with Moscow was terminated in 2022.[87]

Communities

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Cities

There are 15 incorporated places in Santa Clara County:

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Towns

Census-designated places

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Unincorporated communities

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Census county divisions

Former townships

Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of Santa Clara County.[88]

† county seat

Rank City/Town/etc. Municipal type Population (2020 Census)
1 † San Jose City 1,013,240
2 Sunnyvale City 155,805
3 Santa Clara City 127,647
4 Mountain View City 82,376
5 Milpitas City 80,273
6 Palo Alto City 68,572
7 Cupertino City 60,381
8 Gilroy City 59,520
9 Morgan Hill City 44,686
10 Campbell City 43,959
11 Los Gatos Town 33,529
12 Los Altos City 31,625
13 Saratoga City 31,051
14 Stanford CDP 21,150
15 Alum Rock CDP 12,042
16 Los Altos Hills Town 8,489
17 San Martin CDP 7,008
18 East Foothills CDP 6,803
19 Burbank CDP 4,940
20 Cambrian Park CDP 3,719
21 Loyola CDP 3,491
22 Monte Sereno City 3,479
23 Lexington Hills CDP 2,492
24 Fruitdale CDP 989

See also

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Notes

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  1. ↑ Other = Some other race + Two or more races
  2. ↑ Native American = Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander + American Indian or Alaska Native
  3. ↑ a b Percentage of registered voters with respect to total population. Percentages of party members with respect to registered voters follow.
  4. ↑ Only larceny-theft cases involving property over $400 in value are reported as property crimes.

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References

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  1. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  2. ↑ Silicon Valley Business Journal – San Jose Area has World's Third-Highest GDP Per Capita, Brookings Says
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ [1] "Anderson Reservoir will close to public through 2030". Accessed March 30, 2022.
  5. ↑ [2] "‘Dire situation’: Silicon Valley cracks down on water use as California drought worsens". Accessed June 23, 2022.
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  13. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ P.L. 96-510, 42 U.S.C. §§ 9601–9675, December 11, 1980.
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ included in the Asian category in the 1980 Census
  43. ↑ included in the Asian category in the 1990 Census
  44. ↑ not an option in the 1980 Census
  45. ↑ not an option in the 1990 Census
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B02001. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
  50. ↑ a b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B03003. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
  51. ↑ a b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19301. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  52. ↑ a b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19013. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  53. ↑ a b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19113. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  54. ↑ a b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  55. ↑ U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B01003. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  56. ↑ Template:USCensus2010CA
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ County Executive
  61. ↑ Charter of the County of Santa Clara, State of California, Revised August 30 2017
  62. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ [3] Script error: No such module "webarchive".
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q California Secretary of State. February 10, 2013 - Report of Registration Script error: No such module "webarchive".. Retrieved October 31, 2013.
  70. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Office of the Attorney General, Department of Justice, State of California. Table 11: Crimes – 2009 Script error: No such module "webarchive".. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
  71. ↑ a b c United States Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation. Crime in the United States, 2019, Table 8 (California). Retrieved May 12, 2025.
  72. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  74. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  75. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  76. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  77. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1". - Text list
  78. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". - at "Service Areas" section
  79. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  80. ↑ Port Of Entry - San Jose International Airport Script error: No such module "webarchive".. Cbp.gov (September 28, 2005). Retrieved on July 21, 2013.
  81. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  82. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  83. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  84. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  85. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  86. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  87. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  88. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

Template:Geographic location

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