San Miguel County, New Mexico

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San Miguel County (Template:Langx) is a county in the U.S. state of New Mexico. As of the 2020 census, the population was 27,201.[1] Its county seat is Las Vegas.[2]

San Miguel County comprises the Las Vegas Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Albuquerque–Santa Fe–Las Vegas combined statistical area.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of Script error: No such module "convert"., of which Script error: No such module "convert". is land and Script error: No such module "convert". (0.4%) is water.[3] The country is more than Template:Cvt long from east to west and Template:Cvt wide north to south and reaches from the Great Plains to the Rocky Mountains. The highest elevation in the county is Template:Cvt at Elk Mountain and the lowest elevation is on the Canadian River at about Template:Cvt.[4]

The eastern two thirds of the country is semi-arid steppe grassland. The Bell Ranch receives Template:Cvt of precipitation annually, most in the summer months.[5] The conifer-clad higher elevations in the northwest corner of the country are cooler and receive more precipitation. Gascon (near Rociada) at an elevation of Template:Cvt receives Template:Cvt of annual precipitation.[6][7] Wesner Springs at an elevation of Template:Cvt on the slopes of Elk Mountain has a subarctic climate (Dfc), receiving Template:Cvt of precipitation annually.[8]

Adjacent counties

National protected areas

History

San Miguel County was created in 1846 by the conquering United States' army in the Mexican-American War. New Mexico became part of the United States in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of 1848. The boundaries of the country often changed until 1923 when its current boundaries were established.[9]

In 1835, prior to the American conquest, the Mexican government granted land to individuals and communities in what became San Miguel County. The largest grant was the Las Vegas Grant of Template:Cvt (674 sqmi).[10] Most of the grant land was designated as common land to be used by all the grantees and their descendants. The grant lands quickly attracted settlers, initially Hispanics, to the frontier of New Mexico in a region still menaced by Native American (Indian) raids. The Santa Fe Trail, first travelled in 1821, passed through the county, linking New Mexico to the United States.[11][12]

The establishment of Fort Union nearby in 1851 increased the security of the region and provided employment for residents and a market for Las Vegas products.[13] The coming of the railroad in 1879 expanded a market for ranch land and stimulated the livestock industry, especially of sheep for wool. The railroad company also harvested much of the timber in the country to make railroad ties. Anglo cattle ranchers moved into the area from Texas.[14] By 1890, a few, mostly Anglo, ranchers controlled one-half of the grazing lands in San Miguel County.[15] Homesteaders also moved into San Miguel County, claiming Template:Cvt of land as allowed by the 1862 Homestead Act. Both large ranchers and small homesteaders built homes, barns, and fenced grant land with barbed-wire, ignoring the claims by Hispanic residents of their rights to use the common land for crops, grazing, and timber harvest.[15]

With Hispanic residents losing land and access to irrigation water to speculators, ranchers, and homesteaders, the secretive Gorras Blancas, "White Hats," burst on the scene in San Miguel County in 1889. The night riding Gorras Blancas destroyed fences and burned barns and other buildings. The Gorras Blancas were successful in gaining public support, eliminating many fences, and preserving access to common lands, but the movement faded in the early 1890s and the march toward converting common lands into private ownership soon resumed.[16] By 2004, of the original land of the Las Vegas grant, only Template:Cvt remained in common ownership.[17]

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Template:Sronly%±
18507,074—
186013,714Script error: No such module "String".%
187016,058Script error: No such module "String".%
188020,638Script error: No such module "String".%
189024,204Script error: No such module "String".%
190022,053Script error: No such module "String".%
191022,930Script error: No such module "String".%
192022,867Script error: No such module "String".%
193023,636Script error: No such module "String".%
194027,910Script error: No such module "String".%
195026,512Script error: No such module "String".%
196023,468Script error: No such module "String".%
197021,951Script error: No such module "String".%
198022,751Script error: No such module "String".%
199025,743Script error: No such module "String".%
200030,126Script error: No such module "String".%
201029,393Script error: No such module "String".%
202027,201Script error: No such module "String".%
U.S. Decennial Census[18]
1790–1960[19] 1900–1990[20]
1990–2000[21] 2010[22]

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2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 27,201. The median age was 44.3 years. 19.4% of residents were under the age of 18 and 21.7% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 98.6 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 98.2 males age 18 and over.[23]

The racial makeup of the county was 45.5% White, 1.3% Black or African American, 2.0% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.6% Asian, 0.0% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 20.9% from some other race, and 29.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 75.3% of the population.[24]

53.4% of residents lived in urban areas, while 46.6% lived in rural areas.[25]

There were 11,351 households in the county, of which 26.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 31.5% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 33.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[23]

There were 14,768 housing units, of which 23.1% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 70.4% were owner-occupied and 29.6% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.3% and the rental vacancy rate was 10.1%.[23]

2010 census

As of the 2010 census, there were 29,393 people, 11,978 households, and 7,275 families living in the county.[26] The population density was Script error: No such module "convert".. There were 15,595 housing units at an average density of Script error: No such module "convert"..[27] The racial makeup of the county was 66.6% white, 1.7% American Indian, 1.4% black or African American, 0.8% Asian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 25.4% from other races, and 3.9% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 76.8% of the population.[26] In terms of ancestry, 6.3% were German, 5.3% were English, and 1.6% were American.[28]

Of the 11,978 households, 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.6% were married couples living together, 14.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 39.3% were non-families, and 32.5% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.95. The median age was 40.7 years.[26]

The median income for a household in the county was $32,213 and the median income for a family was $42,888. Males had a median income of $35,176 versus $28,351 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,508. About 15.7% of families and 24.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.6% of those under age 18 and 22.7% of those age 65 or over.[29]

2000 census

As of the 2000 census,[30] there were 30,126 people, 11,134 households, and 7,537 families living in the county. The population density was Script error: No such module "convert".. There were 14,254 housing units at an average density of Script error: No such module "convert".. The racial makeup of the county was 56.22% White, 0.78% Black or African American, 1.82% Native American, 0.54% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 36.21% from other races, and 4.33% from two or more races. 77.96% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 11,134 households, out of which 34.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.50% were married couples living together, 16.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.30% were non-families. 26.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.10.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 27.40% under the age of 18, 10.90% from 18 to 24, 27.00% from 25 to 44, 22.90% from 45 to 64, and 11.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 96.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.90 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $26,524, and the median income for a family was $31,250. Males had a median income of $27,307 versus $22,588 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,268. About 19.90% of families and 24.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.80% of those under age 18 and 25.90% of those age 65 or over.

Communities

City

Villages

Census-designated places

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Other communities

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Ghost town

Education

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Montezuma Castle is on the campus of the United World College of the American West

Public school districts include:[31]

Tertiary education institutions in San Miguel County include:

Native American Preparatory School, a private school, was in operation in the county until 2002.[32]

Notable people

Politics

San Miguel County has traditionally been heavily Democratic. The last time it voted Republican for president was 1956, and from 1992 to 2020 no Republican cracked 30% of the vote. Donald Trump broke through this particular record in 2024, when he carried 34.99% of the vote; his performance in the county was the best by a Republican presidential candidate since Reagan in 1984. Template:PresHead Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresFoot

See also

References

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  7. ↑ Google Earth, 35.338N, 103.638W
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Chapter 11: Resistance and Reliance in Territorial New Mexico from The History of New Mexico.
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  23. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". – Text list
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". – Clipping of first page and of second page at Newspapers.com. reprinted inTemplate:Category handler[<span title="Script error: No such module "string".">usurped]Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Canku Ota, June 1, 2002.

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External links

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