San Luis Obispo County, California

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File:MissionSanLuisEntrance.jpg
The entrance lobby and belfry of the Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa. A statue of Fray Junípero Serra stands outside the church.
File:Jack House - Front of House.JPG
Robert Jack House, built c. 1882

San Luis Obispo County (Template:IPAc-en), officially the County of San Luis Obispo, is a county on the Central Coast of California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 282,424.[1] The county seat is San Luis Obispo.[2]

Junípero Serra founded the Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa in 1772, and San Luis Obispo grew around it. The small size of the county's communities, scattered along the beaches, coastal hills, and mountains of the Santa Lucia range, provides a wide variety of coastal and inland hill ecologies to support fishing, agriculture, and tourist activities.

California Polytechnic State University has almost 20,000 students. Tourism, especially for the wineries, is popular. Grapes and other agriculture products are an important part of the economy. San Luis Obispo County is the third largest producer of wine in California, surpassed only by Sonoma and Napa counties. Strawberries are the largest agricultural crop in the county.Template:R

The town of San Simeon is located at the foot of the ridge where newspaper publisher William Randolph Hearst built Hearst Castle. Other coastal towns (listed from north to south) include Cambria, Cayucos, Morro Bay, and Los Osos -Baywood Park. These cities and villages are located northwest of the city of San Luis Obispo. To the south are Avila Beach and the Five Cities region. The Five Cities originally were: Arroyo Grande, Grover Beach (then known as Grover City), Oceano, Fair Oaks and Halcyon. Today, the Five Cities region consists of Pismo Beach, Grover Beach, Arroyo Grande, Oceano, and Shell Beach (which is actually part of Pismo Beach), i.e., essentially the area from Pismo Beach to Oceano. Just south of the Five Cities, San Luis Obispo County borders northern Santa Barbara County. Inland, the cities of Paso Robles, Templeton, and Atascadero lie along the Salinas River, near the Paso Robles wine region. San Luis Obispo lies south of Atascadero and north of the Five Cities region.

History

The prehistory of San Luis Obispo County is strongly influenced by the Chumash people. There has been significant settlement here at least as early as the Millingstone Horizon thousands of years ago. Important settlements existed in coastal areas such as Morro Bay and Los Osos.[3][4]

Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa was founded on September 1, 1772, in the area that is now the city of San Luis Obispo. The namesake of the mission, city and county is Saint Louis of Toulouse, the young bishop of Toulouse ("Obispo de Tolosa" in Spanish) in 1297.

San Luis Obispo County was one of the original counties of California, created in 1850 at the time of statehood.

The Salinas River Valley, a region that figures strongly in several John Steinbeck novels, stretches north from San Luis Obispo County.

Geography

File:Sanluisobispo.jpg
San Luis Obispo
File:Sand dunes - Oceano CA.jpg
Sand dunes - Oceano CA
File:Morro Bay Docks.jpg
Morro Bay Docks

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of Script error: No such module "convert"., of which Script error: No such module "convert". is land and Script error: No such module "convert". (comprising 8.8%) is water.[5]

Climate

File:Köppen Climate Classification of San Luis Obispo County.png
Köppen climate types of San Luis Obispo County, California, using 1991–2020 climate normals.

San Luis Obispo County has three main climate types. BSk climate can mainly be found in the eastern portions of the county, along with certain smaller areas in the north. Csa climate can mainly be found in the central portions of the county, in communities such as Paso Robles. The rest of the county is made up of the Csb climate type. The Csb warm-summer mediterranean type climate together with the county's varied landscapes reminds visitors of European locales.[6]

Adjacent counties

Template:Magnify iconAreas adjacent to San Luis Obispo County, California

National protected areas

Marine Protected Areas

File:Piedras Blancas Seals.jpg
Piedras Blancas State Marine Reserve and Marine Conservation Area, an elephant seal rookery.

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Template:Sronly%±
1850336—
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18704,772Script error: No such module "String".%
18809,142Script error: No such module "String".%
189016,072Script error: No such module "String".%
190016,637Script error: No such module "String".%
191019,383Script error: No such module "String".%
192021,893Script error: No such module "String".%
193029,613Script error: No such module "String".%
194033,246Script error: No such module "String".%
195051,417Script error: No such module "String".%
196081,044Script error: No such module "String".%
1970105,690Script error: No such module "String".%
1980155,435Script error: No such module "String".%
1990217,162Script error: No such module "String".%
2000246,681Script error: No such module "String".%
2010269,637Script error: No such module "String".%
2020282,424Script error: No such module "String".%
2024 (est.)281,843[7]Script error: No such module "String".%
U.S. Decennial Census[8]
1790–1960[9] 1900–1990[10]
1990–2000[11] 2010[12] 2020[13]

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2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 282,424. The median age was 41.4 years. 17.9% of residents were under the age of 18 and 21.7% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 98.7 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 97.2 males age 18 and over.[14][15]

The racial makeup of the county was 70.2% White, 1.6% Black or African American, 1.1% American Indian and Alaska Native, 3.7% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 9.7% from some other race, and 13.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 24.0% of the population.[15]

80.9% of residents lived in urban areas, while 19.1% lived in rural areas.[16]

There were 107,797 households in the county, of which 25.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 26.6% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 26.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[14]

There were 123,715 housing units, of which 12.9% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 61.5% were owner-occupied and 38.5% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.3% and the rental vacancy rate was 4.6%.[14]

Racial and ethnic composition

San Luis Obispo County, California – Racial and ethnic composition
<templatestyles src="Nobold/styles.css"/>Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 1980[17] Pop 1990[18] Pop 2000[19] Pop 2010[12] Pop 2020[13] % 1980 % 1990 % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 132,809 176,246 187,840 191,696 183,468 85.44% 81.16% 76.15% 71.09% 64.96%
Black or African American alone (NH) 2,649 4,325 4,743 5,128 4,330 1.70% 1.99% 1.92% 1.90% 1.53%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 1,786 1,652 1,490 1,367 1,136 1.15% 0.76% 0.60% 0.51% 0.40%
Asian alone (NH) 3,204 5,774 6,342 8,106 10,001 2.06% 2.66% 2.57% 3.01% 3.54%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) x [20] x [21] 227 346 340 0.09% 0.13% 0.09% 0.13% 0.12%
Other race alone (NH) 195 242 365 784 1,614 0.13% 0.11% 0.15% 0.29% 0.57%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) x [22] x [23] 5,478 6,237 13,614 x x 2.22% 2.31% 4.82%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 14,792 28,923 40,196 55,973 67,921 9.52% 13.32% 16.29% 20.76% 24.05%
Total 155,435 217,162 246,681 269,637 282,424 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

2010 census

The 2010 United States census reported that San Luis Obispo County had a population of 269,637. The racial makeup of San Luis Obispo County was 222,756 (82.6%) White, 5,550 (2.1%) African American, 2,536 (0.9%) Native American, 8,507 (3.2%) Asian (1.0% Filipino, 0.6% Chinese, 0.4% Japanese, 0.3% Indian, 0.3% Korean, 0.2% Vietnamese), 389 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 19,786 (7.3%) from other races, and 10,113 (3.8%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 55,973 persons (20.8%); 17.7% of San Luis Obispo County is Mexican, 0.3% Puerto Rican, and 0.2% Salvadoran.[24]

2000 census

As of the census[25] of 2000, there were 246,681 residents, 92,739 households, and 58,611 families in the county. The population density was Script error: No such module "convert".. There were 102,275 housing units at an average density of Script error: No such module "convert".. The racial makeup of the county was 84.6% White, 2.0% Black or African American, 1.0% Native American, 2.7% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 6.2% from other races, and 3.4% from two or more races. 16.3% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 13.9% were of German, 11.4% English, 9.7% Irish, 6.1% American and 5.7% Italian ancestry according to Census 2000. 85.7% spoke English and 10.7% Spanish as their first language.

There were 92,739 households, out of which 28.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.40% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.8% were non-families. 26.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.01.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 21.7% under the age of 18, 13.6% from 18 to 24, 27.0% from 25 to 44, 23.3% from 45 to 64, and 14.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 105.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.2 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $42,428, and the median income for a family was $52,447. Males had a median income of $40,726 versus $27,450 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,864. About 6.8% of families and 12.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.4% of those under age 18 and 5.9% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

File:Club-haired Calochortus (Calochortus clavatus).jpg
Clubhair mariposa lily near SLO city, 2014

The mainstays of the economy are California Polytechnic State University with its almost 20,000 students, tourism, and agriculture. The economic indicators reveal that San Luis Obispo County aligns closely with California regarding median household income and poverty rates. However, the county distinguishes itself through higher educational attainment and homeownership rates, alongside a distinctive employment sector composition favoring agriculture and related industries. Despite these strengths, the county is not immune to challenges, as evidenced by a housing market that is significantly more expensive than the rest of California and growing income inequality. San Luis Obispo County's economy is primarily a service economy. Service jobs account for 38% of the county's jobs, government jobs accounts for 20.7%, and manufacturing jobs represent 6% of the county's jobs.

San Luis Obispo County is the third largest producer of wine in California, surpassed only by Sonoma and Napa counties. Wine grapes are the second largest agricultural crop in the county (after strawberries),[26] and the wine production they support creates a direct economic impact and a growing wine country vacation industry.

The county led the state in hemp cultivation in 2018 as hundreds of acres of the crop were grown in research partnerships.[27] In 2019, nine agricultural research permits were still active. Sixteen commercial permits were issued before a temporary ban on new applications running through June 2020 was passed by the Board of Supervisors.[28]

Media

The San Luis Obispo Pioneer was the first newspaper published in San Luis Obispo County, California, between January 1, 1868, and December 1869. It was a weekly, owned and edited by Rome G. Vickers.[29] Vickers began the newspaper by announcing that it would be nonpartisan, but in the 1868 presidential election, he endorsed the Democratic Party ticket headed by Horatio Seymour, thus losing support from Republicans and paving the way for the successful launch in 1870 of the San Luis Obispo Tribune, which is still being published.[29] Vickers, who one article said came from New Orleans, Louisiana but was not, was 26 years old when he began the four-page Pioneer. The newspaper was said to be racist in tone and Vickers' writing was "often reactive, mean, poorly sourced and boastful." After the paper folded, the publisher moved to San Francisco.[29] The Pioneer, did, however, publish the first newspaper extra in the county's history, concerning the destruction of the coastal steamer Sierra Nevada, which ran ashore north of Piedras Blancas, California, in 1869.[29]

Politics

Voter registration

Cities by population and voter registration

Overview

San Luis Obispo County leaned toward the Republican Party in presidential and congressional elections during most of the 20th century; it has, however, become more Democratic starting in the 2000s. In 2008, Barack Obama won the county with 51.2 percent of the vote.[33] Prior to 2008, the last Democrat to win a majority in the county was Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964, although Bill Clinton won a plurality in 1992. In 2012, Obama again won the county, this time with a slim plurality of the vote. Hillary Clinton won with a larger plurality in 2016; and in 2020, Joe Biden won a solid 55% of the vote, the largest for any Democrat since Johnson.

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With respect to the United States House of Representatives, San Luis Obispo County is mostly in Template:Representative, with the northern part of the county in Template:Representative.[34] From 2003 until 2013, the county was split between the Bakersfield-based 22nd district, which was represented by Republican Kevin McCarthy and included Paso Robles and most of the more conservative inland areas of the county, and Lois Capps' 23rd district, a strip which included most of the county's more liberal coastal areas as well as coastal areas of Santa Barbara and Ventura counties.

With respect to the California State Senate, the county is mostly in Template:Representative, with part in Template:Representative. With respect to the California State Assembly, the county is mostly in Template:Representative, with part in Template:Representative.[35]

In April 2008, the California Secretary of State reported that there were 147,326 registered voters in San Luis Obispo County. Of those voters, 61,226 (41.6%) were registered Republicans, 52,586 (35.7%) were registered Democratic, 8,030 (5.4%) are registered with other political parties, and 25,484 (17.3%) declined to state a political preference. The cities of Grover Beach, Morro Bay, and San Luis Obispo had pluralities or majorities of registered Democratic voters, whereas the rest of the county's towns, cities, and the unincorporated areas have a plurality or majority of registered Republican voters.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Crime

The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.

Cities by population and crime rates

Fire protection

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In unincorporated parts of the county, fire protection and emergency response services have been provided by the San Luis Obispo County Fire Department, through a cooperative agreement with CAL FIRE, since 1930. The county fire department also serves Los Osos, Oceano, and Avila Beach.[39] The city of San Luis Obispo is served by the San Luis Obispo City Fire Department.

Transportation

Major highways

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Public transportation

San Luis Obispo County is served by Amtrak trains and Greyhound Lines buses. The San Luis Obispo Regional Transit Authority provides countywide service along US 101 as well as service to Morro Bay, Los Osos, Cambria and San Simeon.

The cities of San Luis Obispo, Atascadero and Paso Robles operate their own local bus services; all of these connect with SLORTA routes.

File:Oceano County Airport 2013.jpg
Oceano County Airport in 2013

Intercity service is provided by Amtrak trains, Greyhound Lines and Orange Belt Stages buses.

The Amtrak Thruway 18 provides a daily connection to Visalia on the east, and Santa Maria on the west, with several stops in between.[40]

FlixBus boards from the San Luis Obispo Railroad Museum at 1940 Santa Barbara Avenue.

Airports

Future

In the future, SR 46 may be considered for a possible westward expansion of Interstate 40 via SR 58 from Barstow to Bakersfield, from Bakersfield to I-5 via Westside Parkway, and then following SR 46 to Paso Robles.[41] SR 46 is slowly being upgraded to Interstate standards, minus overpasses between Interstate 5 and US Route 101.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Education

School districts include:

K-12 unified:[42]

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Elementary:[42]

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Communities

Cities

Unincorporated communities

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File:Pair of Asterina miniatas Bat stars.jpg
Pair of Bat stars near Los Osos

Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of San Luis Obispo County.[43]

† county seat

Rank City/Town/etc. Municipal type Population (2020 Census)
1 † San Luis Obispo City 47,063
2 Paso Robles (El Paso de Robles) City 31,490
3 Atascadero City 29,773
4 Arroyo Grande City 18,441
5 Nipomo CDP 18,176
6 Los Osos CDP 14,465
7 Grover Beach City 12,701
8 Morro Bay City 10,757
9 Templeton CDP 8,386
10 Pismo Beach City 8,072
11 Oceano CDP 7,183
12 Cambria CDP 5,678
13 San Miguel CDP 3,172
14 Lake Nacimiento CDP 2,956
15 Cayucos CDP 2,505
16 Woodlands CDP 1,933
17 Avila Beach CDP 1,576
18 Los Ranchos CDP 1,516
19 Santa Margarita CDP 1,291
20 Callender CDP 1,282
21 Shandon CDP 1,168
22 Blacklake CDP 1,016
23 Los Berros CDP 623
24 Garden Farms CDP 449
25 San Simeon CDP 445
26 Whitley Gardens CDP 325
27 Oak Shores CDP 316
28 Edna CDP 184
29 Creston CDP 98

See also

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Notes

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  1. ↑ a b Percentage of registered voters with respect to total population. Percentages of party members with respect to registered voters follow.
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Footnotes

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Terry L. Jones and Kathryn Klar (2007) California Prehistory: Colonization, Culture, and Complexity, Published by Rowman Altamira Template:ISBN, 408 pages
  4. ↑ C. Michael Hogan (2008) Morro Creek, ed. by A. Burnham
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ included in the Asian category in the 1980 Census
  21. ↑ included in the Asian category in the 1990 Census
  22. ↑ not an option in the 1980 Census
  23. ↑ not an option in the 1990 Census
  24. ↑ Template:USCensus2010CA
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ a b c d David Middlecamp, "Racist Editor Launched SLO's First Newspaper 150 Years Ago. It Lasted 24 Months," The Tribune, San Luis Obispo, January 6, 2018, pages 3A and 5A
  30. ↑ a b c U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B02001. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
  31. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p California Secretary of State. February 10, 2013 - Report of Registration Template:Webarchive. Retrieved October 31, 2013.
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Map of Election Results, County-by-County: The New York Times
  34. ↑ Template:Cite GovTrack
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Office of the Attorney General, Department of Justice, State of California. Table 11: Crimes – 2009 Template:Webarchive. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
  37. ↑ Only larceny-theft cases involving property over $400 in value are reported as property crimes.
  38. ↑ a b c United States Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation. Crime in the United States, 2012, Table 8 (California). Retrieved November 14, 2013.
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". - Text list
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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Further reading

External links

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