Samedan
Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox Swiss town
Samedan (Script error: No such module "IPA"., locally {{errorTemplate:Main other|Audio file "Roh-putèr-Samedan.ogg" not found}}Template:Category handler) is a town and municipality in the Maloja Region in the Swiss canton of Grisons. It is served by Samedan railway station on the Rhaetian Railway network and by the Samedan Airport.
History
Samedan is first mentioned in 1139 as Samaden. In 1334 it was mentioned as Semeden, in 1367 as Semaden, in 1498 as Sumada and in 1527 as Sameden.[1] Samedan is the location of The Smallest Whiskey Bar on Earth, the establishment holding the Guinness World Records distinction of "Smallest Permanently Licensed Bar in the World."
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Samedan c. 1870 with the Bernina hotel (opened in 1865), one of the oldest hotels in the Engadin.[2] Etching by Heinrich Müller
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A photograph of Samedan in the circa 1870s
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Another photographic view of Samedan in the circa 1870s
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Aerial view (1954)
![Samedan c. 1870 with the Bernina hotel (opened in 1865), one of the oldest hotels in the Engadin.[2] Etching by Heinrich Müller](/wiki143/index.php?title=File:Johann_Heinrich_M%C3%BCller,_1825-1894_J08_Samaden.JPG){kind=link}
Geography
Samedan has an area, (as of the 2004/09 survey) of Template:Swiss area.Template:Swiss area data Of this area, about 15.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while 9.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.9% is settled (buildings or roads) and 72.9% is unproductive land. Over the past two decades (1979/85-2004/09) the amount of land that is settled has increased by Template:Convert and the agricultural land has decreased by Template:Convert.[3]
Before 2017, the municipality was located in the Oberengadin sub-district of the Maloja district in the central Oberengadin valley along the Inn river. After 2017 it was part of the Maloja Region. It consists of the village of Samedan and the hamlet of Punt Muragl, the upper section of the Val Bever as well as an exclave that includes nearly the entire Val Roseg, a valley surrounded by the highest mountains of the canton: Piz Bernina, Piz Scerscen and Piz Roseg. Until 1943 Samedan was known as Samaden.[4]
Demographics
Samedan has a population (Template:As of) of Template:Swiss populations.Template:Swiss populations ref Template:As of, 23.6% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 3 years (2010–2013) the population has changed at a rate of 1.31%. The birth rate in the municipality, in 2013, was 8.3 while the death rate was 7.0 per thousand residents.[3]
Template:As of, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 18.1% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) are 64.6% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 17.3%.[3]
In 2013 there were 1,423 private households in Samedan. Of the 489 inhabited buildings in the municipality, in 2000, about 21.9% were single family homes and 47.6% were multiple family buildings. Additionally, about 22.5% of the buildings were built before 1919, while 9.4% were built between 1991 and 2000.[5] In 2012 the rate of construction of new housing units per 1000 residents was 31.86. The vacancy rate for the municipality, Template:As of, was 2.14%.[3]
Historic population
The historical population is given in the following chart:[6] <timeline> Colors=
id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8)
ImageSize = width: auto height:200 barincrement:45 PlotArea = top:20 left:40 bottom:20 right:35 AlignBars = justify DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:4000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:800 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:200 start:0 PlotData=
color:yellowgreen width: 35 mark:(line,white) align:center bar:1850 from:start till:412 text:"412" bar:1860 from:start till:516 text:"516" bar:1870 from:start till:690 text:"690" bar:1880 from:start till:754 text:"754" bar:1888 from:start till:843 text:"843" bar:1900 from:start till:967 text:"967" bar:1910 from:start till:1293 text:"1,293" bar:1920 from:start till:1500 text:"1,500" bar:1930 from:start till:1783 text:"1,783" bar:1941 from:start till:1427 text:"1,427" bar:1950 from:start till:1685 text:"1,685" bar:1960 from:start till:2106 text:"2,106" bar:1970 from:start till:2574 text:"2,574" bar:1980 from:start till:2553 text:"2,553" bar:1990 from:start till:2875 text:"2,875" bar:2000 from:start till:3069 text:"3,069" bar:2013 from:start till:3007 text:"3,007"
</timeline>
Languages
Most of the population (Template:As of) speaks German (61.5%), with Romansh being second most common (16.7%) and Italian being third (14.9%).[7] Originally, the entire population spoke the Upper-Engadin Romansh dialect of Putèr. Due to increasing trade with the outside world, Romansh usage began to decline in the 19th century. In 1880, only 47% spoke Romansh as a first language, while in 1910, it was 45% and in 1941, it was 42%. The Romansh-speaking percentage dropped until, in 1970, only 31% spoke it as their first language. In the 1980s, Romansh speakers increased slightly, but since then, the proportion has decreased. However, in 2000, there were 42% who understood Romansh even if it was not their first language.
| Languages of Samedan[8] | ||||||||
| Languages | Census 1970 | Census 1980 | Census 1990 | Census 2000 | ||||
| Number | Percent | Number | Percent | Number | Percent | Number | Percent | |
| German | 1,096 | 42.6% | 1,140 | 44.7% | 1,567 | 54.5% | 1,886 | 61.5% |
| Romansh | 791 | 30.7% | 841 | 32.9% | 649 | 22.6% | 511 | 16.7% |
| Italian | 561 | 21.8% | 451 | 17.7% | 476 | 16.6% | 458 | 14.9% |
| TOTAL | 2,574 | 100% | 2,553 | 100% | 2,875 | 100% | 3,069 | 100% |
Politics
In the 2015 federal election the most popular party was the SVP with 23.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP (22.5%), the BDP (19.6%) and the SP (16.4%). In the federal election, a total of 821 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 42.3%.[9]
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SP which received 30.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (28.7%), the FDP (28.2%) and the CVP (10.4%).[7]
Education
In Samedan about 75.7% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).[7]
Transportation
It is the administrative center of the upper Engadin region, and services include a regional hospital (Spital Oberengadin), a major RhB railway station with regular trains towards Pontresina, Chur and St. Moritz, and a regional airport (Engadin Airport). Both the Bernina Express and Glacier Express trains pass Samedan.
Economy
Template:As of, there were a total of 2,891 people employed in the municipality. Of these, a total of 26 people worked in 8 businesses in the primary economic sector. The secondary sector employed 500 workers in 51 separate businesses. Finally, the tertiary sector provided 2,365 jobs in 335 businesses. In 2013 a total of 31.9% of the population received social assistance.[3]
Heritage sites of national significance
The Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart and the Library of Fundaziun de Planta are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance.[10]
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Church of the Sacred Heart
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Biblioteca da la Fundaziun de Planta
Climate
Köppen-Geiger climate classification classifies its climate as subarctic (Dfc). Between 1961 and 1990 Samedan had an average of 95.5 days of rain per year and on average received Template:Convert of precipitation. The wettest month was August during which time Samedan received an average of Template:Convert of precipitation. During this month there was precipitation for an average of 11.5 days. The driest month of the year was February with an average of Template:Convert of precipitation over 5 days.[11]
Cultural references
The Upper Engadine Cultural Archives is housed in the Chesa Planta in Samedan.
James Bond escapes from Blofeld's base at Piz Gloria to Samedan in Ian Fleming's On Her Majesty's Secret Service where he is rescued by his future wife, Tracy.
The nineteenth century campaigner for women's rights and the repeal of the Contagious Diseases Acts, Josephine Butler, holidayed in Samedan in 1881 preferring it to Pontresina. She walked extensively with friends whilst her husband, because of his rheumatism, painted and sketched. He preached at the local Protestant church, which was largely run by another English clergyman Mr Eardley.[12]
References
Template:Reflist Template:Sister project
External links
Template:Municipalities of the Maloja Region Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Authority control
- ↑ Template:HDS
- ↑ Hotel Bernina. baukultur.gr.ch (in German)
- ↑ a b c d e Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Regional portraits accessed 2 May 2016
- ↑ Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office Template:In lang accessed 23 September 2009
- ↑ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB – Thema 09 – Bau- und Wohnungswesen Template:In lang accessed 5 May 2016
- ↑ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, 1850–2000 Template:In lang accessed 27 April 2016
- ↑ a b c Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 20 October 2009
- ↑ Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Wohnbevölkerung am wirtschaftlichen Wohnsitz nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Hauptsprache und Nationalität, 1970–2000 Template:In lang accessed 6 September 2016
- ↑ Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Nationalratswahlen 2015: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung nach Gemeinden Template:Webarchive Template:In lang accessed 18 July 2016
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"., the weather station elevation is 1708 meters above sea level.
- ↑ Diary of stay in the Engadine held at Women's Library London