List of Sri Lankan monarchs

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The monarchs of Sri Lanka,[N 1] also referred to as the Sinhalese monarchy, were the heads of state and rulers of the Sinhala Kingdoms located in present-day Sri Lanka, from 543 BCE (according to chronicles) until its abolition in 1815 CE.

The Sinhalese monarchy began with the settlement of North Indian Indo-Aryan speaking immigrants to the island of Sri Lanka. The Landing of Vijaya (as described in the traditional early chronicles of the island, the Dipavamsa and Mahavamsa) recounts the date of the establishment of the first Sinhalese Kingdom in 543 BCE[N 2] when Indian prince Prince Vijaya (543–505 BCE) and 700 of his followers arrived in Sri Lanka, establishing the Kingdom of Tambapanni.[1][2] In Sinhalese mythology, Prince Vijaya and followers are told to be the progenitors of the Sinhalese people. However, according to the story in the Divyavadana, the immigrants were probably not led by a scion of a royal house in India, as told in the romantic legend, but rather may have been groups of adventurous and pioneering merchants exploring new lands.[3] On the other hand, other historians such as G.C. Mendis have suggested that the Vijaya story is a myth and has no historical basis.[4]

The Sinhala Kingdoms comprised the political states of the Sinhalese people and their ancestors; it existed as a series of successive kingdoms known by the city in which the administrative centre of the kingdom was located. These are, in chronological order: the kingdoms of Tambapanni, Upatissa Nuwara, Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa, Dambadeniya, Gampola, Kotte, Sitawaka and Kandy.[5][6][7][8] The last Sinhala Kingdom came to an end in 1815 with Sri Vikrama Rajasinha of Kandy after generations of European colonial influences and upheaval in the royal court.

During the two millennia of Sinhalese kingdoms, other political entities also existed on the island, including the Jaffna Kingdom,[9] the Vanni chieftaincies and the Portuguese and Dutch colonies.[10] These political entities are considered separate from the Sinhala Kingdoms.[11][12] A separate page lists the monarchs of the Jaffna Kingdom.

During the reign of Devanampiya Tissa (307–267 BCE), Buddhism was introduced to the island by Ashoka of India.[13] By the time of Kithsirimevan (304–332 CE), Sudatta, the subking of Kalinga and Hemamala brought the Tooth Relic of the Buddha to Sri Lanka due to unrest in the country.[14] Kithsirimevan carried it in procession and placed the relic in a mansion named Datadhatughara.[15] He ordered this procession to be held annually, and this is still done as a tradition in the country to this day. The Tooth Relic of the Buddha soon became one of the most sacred objects in the country and a symbol of kingship. The person who was in possession of the Tooth Relic would thereafter be considered the rightful ruler of the country.[16]

The role of the monarch was absolute. The monarch was head of state but would be aided with high level officials and a board of ministers. The monarch was later seen as the supreme ruler throughout the island, even at times when they did not have absolute control over it.[17] However, the earliest inscriptions dating from the 3rd to 2nd century BCE suggest that the island was divided into several regional principalities and chieftaincies until the first war of unification fought by King Dutugamunu.[18] These early kings sought to establish control over the whole island, though in reality this was more of an aspiration. However periods of effective control over the whole island did exist from time to time.[19] The monarch also held judicial power and influence. Judicial customs, traditions and moral principles based on Buddhism were used as the bases of law. The laws and legal measures were proclaimed by the monarch, and were to be followed by the justice administration.[20] However the monarch was the final judge in legal disputes, and all cases against members of the royal family and high dignitaries of the state were judged by them, although this power was to be exercised with care and after consulting with their advisers.[21]

This article is a list of monarchs that have reigned over the nine successive kingdoms of the Sinhalese monarchy.[22][23] It is based on the traditional list of monarchs as recorded in the chronicles of the island, in particular the Mahavamsa and Rajavaliya.[24][25] It is not a list of ethnically Sinhalese monarchs as it contains all rulers of the Sinhalese kingdoms, both Sinhalese and foreign. Each monarch belongs to one of nine royal houses (Vijaya, Lambakanna I, Moriya, Lambakanna II, Vijayabahu, Kalinga, Siri Sanga Bo, Dinajara and Nayaks[N 3]), and follows a tradition of regnal names that span the entirety of the monarchy. For example, Vijayabahu was used 7 times over multiple kingdoms and multiple royal houses over a period of 500 years and there is no overlap of names, Vijayabahu I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII. The same is true for Aggabodhi, Bhuvanaikabahu, Kassapa, Mahinda, Parakramabahu and others.

Notes

This list should be used with the following factors kept in mind. Firstly, the dates provided for the earliest monarchs are difficult to objectively verify; those particularly difficult to know have been denoted with a (?) mark. The date August 20, 1200 is the earliest known fixed date in Sri Lankan history, which was for the coronation of Sahassa Malla.

Another thing to be noted is that several monarchs had usurped the throne of Lanka including Sinhalese monarchs such as Anikanga, Chodaganga, Sri Vallabha of Polonnaruwa and Mahinda VI.Template:Sfn The usurpers may have received support from rival kingdoms such as the Cholas.

Note on chronology

It should be borne in mind that there is controversy about the base date of the Buddhist Era, with dates between the 6th century BCE and 4th century BCE being advanced as the date of the parinibbana of the Buddha.[26] As Wilhelm Geiger pointed out, the Dipawamsa and Mahawansa are the primary sources for ancient South Asian chronology; they date the consecration (abhisheka) of Ashoka (268 BCE according to modern scholarship) to 218 years after the parinibbana. Chandragupta Maurya ascended the throne 56 years prior to this, or 162 years after the parinibbana. The approximate date of Chandragupta's ascension is within two years of 321 BCE (from Megasthenes). Hence the approximate date according to the Mahavamsa of the parinibbana is between 485 and 481 BCE.[27]

According to Geiger, the difference between the two reckonings seems to have occurred at sometime between the reigns of Udaya III (946–954 or 1007–1015) and Pârakkama Pandya (c. 1046–1048), when there was considerable unrest in the country.[27] However, mention is made of an embassy sent to China by Cha-cha Mo-ho-nan in 428. The name may correspond to 'Raja (King) Mahanama', who (by the traditional chronology) reigned about this time.[28]

Furthermore, the traveller-monk Xuanzang, who attempted to visit Sri Lanka about 642, was told by Sri Lankan monks (possibly at Kanchipuram) that there was trouble in the kingdom, so he desisted;[29] this accords with the period of struggle for the throne between Aggabodhi III Sirisanghabo, Jettha Tissa III and Dathopa Tissa I Hatthadpath in 632–643.

Recent indological research has indicated that the Parinibbana of the Buddha may be even later than previously supposed. A majority of the scholars at a symposium held in 1988 in Göttingen regarding the problem were inclined towards a date of 440–360 BCE.[30] However, the Theravada Buddhist canon was first put into writing in Sri Lanka, and the chronology of the following list is based on the traditional Therevada/Sri Lankan system, which is based on a parinibbana date of 543 BCE, sixty years earlier than the Mahayana calendar. Dates after c. 1048 are synchronous.

The Mahavamsa was complied nearly a millennium after the purported date of Vijaya's arrival, and the traditional chronology and relationships of the earliest kings have been called into question by some scholars.[31][32][33] Referring to the period following Devanampiya Tissa's rule, archaeologist W. D. J. Benilie Priyanka Emmanuel states:

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Kingdom of Tambapanni (543–437 BCE)

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House of Vijaya (543–437 BCE)

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Portrait Name Birth Death King from King until Marriages Claim
Vijaya Vijaya ?
Sinhapura
son of Sinhabahu, and Sinhasivali 		505 BCE
Tambapanni 		543 BCE 505 BCE Kuveni
two children Pandu Princess 		Founded Kingdom
Marriage to Kuveni
Upatissa
(regent) 		- - 505 BCE 504 BCE Prince Vijaya's Chief Minister
Panduvasdeva - - 504 BCE 474 BCE Nephew of Vijaya
Abhaya - - 474 BCE 454 BCE Son of Panduvasdeva
Tissa
(regent) 		- - 454 BCE 437 BCE Younger brother of Abhaya

Anuradhapura Kingdom (437 BCE–1017 CE)

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House of Vijaya (437–237 BCE)

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Portrait Name Birth Death King from King until Relationship with predecessor(s)
Pandukabhaya 474 BCE 367 BCE 437 BCE 367 BCE
  • Grandson of Panduvasudeva
  • Nephew of Abhaya and Tissa
Mutasiva - - 367 BCE 307 BCE
File:King Devanampiya Tissa.jpg Devanampiya Tissa - 267 BCE 307 BCE 267 BCE
Uttiya - - 267 BCE 257 BCE
Mahasiva - - 257 BCE 247 BCE
Suratissa - 237 BCE 247 BCE 237 BCE

Sena and Guttika (237–215 BCE)

Portrait Name Birth Death King from King until Claim
Sena and Guttika - - 237 BCE 215 BCE Defeated Suratissa in battle

House of Vijaya (215–205 BCE)

Portrait Name Birth Death King from King until Relationship with predecessor(s)
Asela ?
Son of Mutasiva 		205 BCE
Anuradhapura 		215 BCE 205 BCE Son of Mutasiva

Elara (205–161 BCE)

Portrait Name Birth Death King from King until Claim
Elara Elara 235 BCE
Chola Empire 		161 BCE
Anuradhapura 		205 BCE 161 BCE Defeated Asela in battle

House of Vijaya (161–103 BCE)

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Portrait Name Birth Death King from King until Relationship with predecessor(s)
File:Anuradhapura17.jpg Dutugamunu the Great
(a.k.a. Dutta Gamini or Dutugemunu or Duttagamini Abaya) 		- - 161 BCE 137 BCE *Defeated Elara
*Eldest son of Kavan Tissa
*Originally the ruler of Ruhuna
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Saddha Tissa - - 137 BCE 119 BCE *Brother of Dutugemunu
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Thulatthana
(Tulna) 		- - 119 BCE 119 BCE *Second son of Saddha Tissa
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Lanja Tissa - - 119 BCE 109 BCE *Older brother of Thullattana
*Oldest son of Saddha Tissa
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Khallata Naga
(Kalunna) 		- - 109 BCE 103 BCE *Brother of Lanja Tissa
*Third son of Saddha Tissa
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Vattagamani Abhaya
(a.k.a. Valagambahu I)
(Walagamba)		 - - 103 BCE 103 BCE *Fourth son of Saddha Tissa

The Five Dravidans (103–89 BCE)

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Portrait Name Birth Death King from King until Relationship with predecessor(s)
Pulahatta - - 103 BCE 100 BCE *Tamil Chief
Bahiya - - 100 BCE 98 BCE *Chief Minister of Pulahatha
Panya Mara - - 98 BCE 91 BCE *Prime Minister of Bahiya
Pilaya Mara - - 91 BCE 90 BCE *Chief Minister of Panayamara
Dathika - - 90 BCE 89 BCE *Chief Minister of Pilayamara

House of Vijaya (89 BCE – 67 CE)

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Portrait Name Birth Death King from King until Relationship with predecessor(s)
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Vattagamani Abhaya
(a.k.a. Valagambahu I)
(Walagamba)		 - - 89 BCE 77 BCE *Fourth son of Saddha Tissa
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Mahakuli Mahatissa
(Maha Cula Maha Tissa)		 - - 77 BCE 63 BCE *Son of Khallatanaga
*Nephew and adopted son of Valagambahu I
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Chora Naga
(Mahanaga)		 - - 63 BCE 51 BCE *Son of Valagambahu I
*Cousin of Mahakuli Mahatissa
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Kuda Tissa - - 51 BCE 48 BCE *Son of Mahakuli Mahatissa
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Siva I - - 48 BCE 48 BCE
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Vatuka - - 48 BCE 48 BCE
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Darubhatika Tissa - - 48 BCE 48 BCE
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Niliya - - 48 BCE 48 BCE
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Anula - - 48 BCE 44 BCE *Widow of Chora Naga and Kuda Tissa
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Kutakanna Tissa - - 44 BCE 22 BCE *Brother of Kuda Tissa
*Second son of Mahakuli Mahatissa
File:King Bathikabhaya.jpg Bhatikabhaya Abhaya - - 22 BCE 7 CE *Son of Kuttakanna Tissa
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Mahadathika Mahanaga - - 7 19 *Brother of Bhatika Abhaya
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Amandagamani Abhaya - - 19 29 *Son of Mahadathika Mahanaga
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Kanirajanu Tissa - - 29 32 *Brother of Amandagamani Abhaya
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Chulabhaya - - 32 33 *Son of Amandagamani Abhaya
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Sivali - - 33 33 *Sister of Chulabhaya
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Interregnum - - 33 33
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Ilanaga
(Elunna)		 - - 33 43 *Nephew of Queen Sivali
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Chandamukha - - 43 52 *Son of Ilanaga
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Yassalalaka - - 52 60 *Younger brother of Candhamuka Siva
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Subharaja
(a.k.a. Subha)		 - - 60 67 *The hall porter of King Yasalaka Tissa

House of Lambakanna I (67–429)

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Portrait Name Birth Death King from King until Relationship with predecessor(s)
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Vasabha - - 67 111 *A member of the Lambakanna clan
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Vankanasika Tissa - - 111 114 *Son of Vasabha
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Gajabahu I - - 114 136 *Son of Vankanasika Tissa
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Mahallaka Naga - - 136 143 *Father-in-law of Gajabahu I
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Bhatika Tissa - - 143 167 *Son of Mahallaka Naga
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Kanittha Tissa - - 167 186 *Younger brother of Bhatika Tissa
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Cula Naga
(a.k.a. Khujjanaga)		 - - 186 187 *Son of Kanitta Tissa
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Kuda Naga
(a.k.a. Kunchanaga)		 - - 187 189 *Brother of Cula Naga
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Siri Naga I - - 189 209 *Brother-in-law of Kuda Naga
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Voharika Tissa
(a.k.a. Vira Tissa & Voharikathissa)		 - - 209 231 *Son of Siri Naga I
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Abhaya Naga - - 231 240 *Brother of Voharaka Tissa
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Siri Naga II - - 240 242 *Son of Voharaka Tissa
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Vijaya Kumara - - 242 243 *Son of Siri Naga II
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Sangha Tissa I - - 243 247 *A Lambakanna
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Siri Sangha Bodhi I
(a.k.a. Siri Sangabo)		 - - 247 249 *A Lambakanna
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Gothabhaya - - 249 262 *Minister of State
*A Lambakanna
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Jettha Tissa I
(a.k.a. Detuthis I)		 - - 263 273 *Eldest son of Gothabhaya
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Mahasena - - 274 301 *Brother of Jettha Tissa
*Younger son of Gothabhaya
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Sirimeghavanna - - 301 328 *Son of Mahasena
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Jettha Tissa II - - 328 337 *Brother of Sirimeghavanna
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Buddhadasa - - 337 365 *Son of Jettha Tissa II
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Upatissa I - - 365 406 *Eldest son of Buddhadasa
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Mahanama - - 406 428 *Brother of Upatissa I
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Soththisena - - 428 428 *Mahanama's son born to a Tamil mother
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Chattagahaka Jantu
(a.k.a. Chhattagahaka)		 - - 428 428 *Husband of Sangha
*Daughter of Mahanama by his Sinhala queen
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Mittasena - - 428 429 *A noted plunderer

The Six Dravidians (429–455)

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Portrait Name Birth Death King from King until Relationship with predecessor(s)
Pandu - - 429 434 *Pandyan Invader
Parindu - - 434 437 *Son of Pandu
Khudda Parinda - - 437 452 *Younger brother of Pandu
Tiritara - - 452 452 *Fourth Tamil ruler
Dathiya - - 452 455 *Fifth Tamil ruler
Pithiya - - 455 455 *Sixth Tamil ruler

House of Moriya (455–691)

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Portrait Name Birth Death King from King until Relationship with predecessor(s)
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Dhatusena - - 455 473 *Son of Sangha, the daughter of Mahanama
*Liberated Anuradhapura from 27 years of Pandyan rule
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Kashyapa I
(the Usurper),(of Sigiriya)		 - - 479 497 *Son of King Dhatusena by a Pallava woman
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Moggallana I - - 497 515 *Son of Dhatusena
*Brother of Kasyapa
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Kumara Dhatusena - - 515 524 *Son of Mogallana
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Kittisena - - 524 524 *Son of Kumara Dhatusena
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Siva II - - 524 525 *Uncle of Kirti Sena
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Upatissa II - - 525 526 *Son-in-law of Kumara Dhatusena
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Silakala Ambosamanera - - 526 539 *A son-in-law of Upatissa, prince of Lambakanna stock
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Dathappabhuti - - 539 540 *Second son of Silakala
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Moggallana II - - 540 560 *Eldest brother of Dathappabhuti
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Kittisiri Meghavanna - - 560 561 *Son of Mogallana II
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Maha Naga - - 561 564 *Minister of War under King Dathapatissa
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Aggabodhi I - - 564 598 *Mother's brother's son and Sub-King of Mahanaga
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Aggabodhi II - - 598 608 *Nephew and son-in-law of Aggabodhi I
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Sangha Tissa II - - 608 608 *Brother and sword-bearer of Aggabodhi II
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Moggallana III - - 608 614 *Commander-in-chief during the reign of Aggabodhi II
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Silameghavanna - - 614 623 *King Mogallana's Sword-bearer
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Aggabodhi III - - 623 623 *Son of Silimeghavanna
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Jettha Tissa III - - 623 624 *Son of King Sangha Tissa
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Aggabodhi III
(restored)		 - - 624 640 *Son of Silimeghavanna
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Dathopa Tissa I
(Hatthadpatha)		 - - 640 652 *General of Jettha Tissa (Dathasiva)
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Kassapa II - - 652 661 *Brother of Aggabodhi III
*Sub-King of Dathopa Tissa
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Dappula I - - 661 664 *Son-in-law of Silimeghavanna
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Dathopa Tissa II - 673 664 673 *Nephew of Dathopa Tissa I (Hattha Datha)
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Aggabodhi IV - - 673 689 *Younger brother of Dathopa Tissa
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Unhanagara Hatthadatha - - 691 691 *A chief of royal blood who was placed on the throne by a wealthy Tamil officer

House of Lambakanna II (691–1017)

Portrait Name Birth Death King from King until Relationship with predecessor(s)
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Manavamma - - 691 726 *Son of Kassapa I
*Descendant of Silamegahavanna
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Aggabodhi V - - 726 732 *Son of Manavamma
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Kassapa III - - 732 738 *Brother of Aggabodhi V
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Mahinda I - - 738 741 *Younger brother of Kassapa III
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Aggabodhi VI - - 741 781 *Son of Kassapa III
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Aggabodhi VII
(From Polonnaruwa)		 - - 781 787 *Son of Mahinda
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Mahinda II
(Silamegha)		 - - 787 807 *Son of Aggabodhi VI
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Dappula II - - 807 812 *Son of Mahinda II
*The sub-king of Mahinda II
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Mahinda III - - 812 816 *Son of Dappula II
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Aggabodhi VIII - - 816 827 *Brother of Mahinda III
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Dappula III - - 827 843 *Younger brother of Aggabodhi VIII
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Aggabodhi IX - - 843 846 *Son of Dappula III
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Sena I - - 846 866 *Younger brother of Aggabodhi IX
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Sena II - - 866 901 *Nephew of Sena I
*Son of Kassapa
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Udaya I - - 901 912 *Brother of sub-king of Sena II
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Kassapa IV - - 912 929 *Son of Sena II
*Sub-king of Udaya I
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Kassapa V - - 929 939 *Son of Kassapa IV
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Dappula IV - - 939 940 *Son of Kassapa V
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Dappula V - - 940 952 *Brother of Dappula IV
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Udaya II - - 952 955 *Nephew of Sena II
*Sub-king of Dappula V
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Sena III - - 955 964 *Brother of Udaya II
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Udaya III - - 964 972 *Sub-king of Sena III (a great friend of the king)
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Sena IV - - 972 975 *Son of Kassapa V
*Sub-king of Udaya III
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Mahinda IV - - 975 991 *Brother of Sena IV
*Nephew of Udaya III
*Sub-king of Sena
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Sena V - - 991 1001 *Son of Mahinda IV
File:Flag of Dutthagamani.png Mahinda V
(Fled and ruled in Ruhuna)
(Deported c. 1017)		 - 1029 1001 1029 *Younger brother of Sena V

Chola-occupied Anuradhapura (1017–1055)

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Portrait Name Birth Death King from King until Claim
Kassapa VI - - 1029 1040 Son of Mahinda V
Mahalana-Kitti - - 1040 1042
Vikrama Pandu - - 1042 1043
Jagatipala - - 1043 1046
Parakrama Pandu - - 1046 1048
Loka - - 1048 1054
Kassapa VII - - 1054 1055

Kingdom of Polonnaruwa (1055–1236)

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House of Vijayabahu (1055–1187)

Portrait Name Birth Death King from King until Relationship with predecessor(s)
Vijayabahu I - - 1055 1111 *Member of the Sinhala royal family
Jayabahu I
(Polonnaruwa and Ruhuna)		 - - 1110 1111 *Brother of Vijayabahu I
*Prime Minister of Vijayabahu I
Vikramabahu I - 1132 1111 1132 *Son of Vijayabahu I
Gajabahu II - - 1131 1153 *Son of Vikramabahu I
File:Statue of Parakramabahu in Polonnaruwa.jpg Parakramabahu I 'the Great' 1123 1186 1153 1186 *Grandson of Vijayabahu I
Vijayabahu II - - 1186 1187 *Parakramabahu I's nephew
Mahinda VI - - 1187 1187 *A Kalinga

House of Kalinga (1187–1197)

Portrait Name Birth Death King from King until Relationship with predecessor(s)
File:King Nissanka Malla.jpg Nissanka Malla 1157 or 1158 1196 1187 1196 *Son-in-law or nephew to Parakrama Bahu I
Vira Bahu I - - 1196 1196 *Son of Nissanka Malla
Vikramabahu II - - 1196 1196 *Younger brother of Nissanka Malla
Chodaganga - - 1196 1197 *Nephew of Nissanka Malla

House of Vijayabahu, restored (1197–1200)

Portrait Name Birth Death King from King until Relationship with predecessor(s)
File:Lilavati - Massa.jpg Queen Lilavati - - 1197 1200 *Widow of Parakramabahu I

House of Kalinga, restored (1200–1209)

Portrait Name Birth Death King from King until Relationship with predecessor(s)
File:Sahasamalla - Massa.jpg Sahassa Malla - - 1200 1202 *Younger brother of Nissanka Malla
Kalyanavati - - 1202 1208 *Queen of Nissanka Malla
Dharmasoka - - 1208 1209 *Deposed Kalyanavati and installed by Ayasmantha
Anikanga - - 1209 1209 *Father of Dharmasoka

House of Vijayabahu, restored (1209–1210)

Portrait Name Birth Death King from King until Relationship with predecessor(s)
File:Lilavati - Massa.jpg Lilavati
(1st Restoration)		 - - 1209 1210 *Widow of Parakramabahu I

Lokissara (1210–1211)

Portrait Name Birth Death King from King until Relationship with predecessor(s)
Lokissara - - 1210 1211 Leader of a Tamil army

House of Vijayabahu, restored (1211–1212)

Portrait Name Birth Death King from King until Relationship with predecessor(s)
File:Lilavati - Massa.jpg Lilavati
(2nd Restoration)		 - - 1211 1212 *Widow of Parakramabahu I

Pandyan dynasty (1212–1215)

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Portrait Name Birth Death King from King until Relationship with predecessor(s)
Parakrama Pandya - - 1212 1215 *Pandyan King

Eastern Ganga dynasty (1215–1236)

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Portrait Name Birth Death King from King until Relationship with predecessor(s)
Kalinga Magha - - 1215 1236 *A prince of Kalinga

Kingdom of Dambadeniya (1220–1345)

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House of Siri Sanga Bo (1220–1345)

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Portrait Name Birth Death King from King until Relationship with predecessor(s)
Vijayabahu III - - 1220 1234 *A patriotic prince of Sinhala royal blood
File:Parakramabahu II - Massa Photo 1.jpg Parakkamabahu II - - 1234 1269 *Eldest son of Vijaya Bahu III
File:Vijayabahu IV - Massa.jpg Vijayabahu IV - October 1270 1267/8 October 1270 *Eldest son of Panditha Parakrama Bahu II
File:Buwanekabahu - Massa.jpg Bhuvanaikabahu I
(from Yapahuwa)		 - - 1271 1283 *Brother of Vijaya Bahu IV
Interregnum - - 1283 1302
Parakkamabahu III
(from Polonnaruwa)		 - - 1302 1310 *Nephew of Buvaneka Bahu I
*Son of Vijaya Bahu IV
Bhuvanaikabahu II
(from Kurunagala)		 - - 1310 1325/6 *Son of Buvaneka Bahu I
*Cousin of Parakrama Bahu III
Parakkamabahu IV
(from Kurunagala)		 - - 1325/6 1325/6 *Son of Buvanekka Bahu II
Bhuvanaikabahu III
(from Kurunagala)		 - - 1325/6 1325/6 *Known as Vanni Buvaneka Bahu
Vijayabahu V
(from Kurunagala)		 - - 1325/6 1344/5 *Second son of Chandra Banu of Jaffnapatnam

Kingdom of Gampola (1345–1412)

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House of Siri Sanga Bo (1345–1412)

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Portrait Name Birth Death King from King until Relationship with predecessor(s)
Bhuvanaikabahu IV - - 1344/5 1353/4 *Son of Vijaya Bahu V
Parakkamabahu V
(from Dedigama)		 1311 - 1344/5 1359 *Son of Vijaya Bahu V
*Brother of Buvaneka Bahu IV
Vikramabahu III - - 1357 1374 *Son of Buvaneka Bahu IV
Bhuvanaikabahu V - - 1371 1408 *Nissanka Alakeswara's son by the sister of Vikrama Bahu III
Vira Bahu II - - 1391/2 1397 *Brother-in-law of King Buvaneka Bahu V
Vira Alakesvara
(a.k.a. Vijaya Bahu VI)		 - - 1397 1409
Parakrama Bahu Epa - - 1409 1412 *Grandson of Senalankahikara Senevirat
minister of Bhuvanaikabâhu IV

Kingdom of Kotte (1412–1597)

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House of Siri Sanga Bo (1412–1597)

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Portrait Name Birth Death King from King until Relationship with predecessor(s)
File:Coin Lion P bahu obvin.jpg Parakramabahu VI - - 1412 1467 *Son of Vijaya Bahu VI and his Queen Sunetra Devi
*Or the third son of Chandra Banu of Yapa Patuna (Jaffnapatnam)
File:Flag of Kotte.svg Jayabahu II
(Vira Parakrama Bahu VII)		 - - 1467 1472 *Son of Parakrama Bahu II's natural daughter, Ulakudaya Devi
File:Flag of Kotte.svg Bhuvanaikabahu VI - - 1469 1477 *Son of Parakrama Bahu VI
File:Flag of Kotte.svg Pandita Parakramabahu VII - - 1477 1477
File:Flag of Kotte.svg Vira Parakramabahu VIII - - 1477 1489 *Ambulagala Kumara
*Son of Parakrama Bahu VI
File:Flag of Kotte.svg Dharma Parakramabahu IX
(from Kelaniya)		 - - 1489 1513 *Son of Vira Parakrama Bahu VIII
File:Flag of Kotte.svg Vijayabahu VI - 1521 1513 1521 *Brother of Dharma Parakrama Bahu IX
*Rajah of Menik Kadavara
File:Flag of Kotte.svg Bhuvanekabahu VII - 1551 1521 1551 *Eldest son of Vijaya Bahu
File:Flag of Kotte.svg Dharmapala - 27 May 1597 1551 27 May 1597 *Grandson and heir of Bhuvanekabãhu VII

Kingdom of Sitawaka (1521–1594)

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House of Siri Sanga Bo (1521–1594)

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Portrait Name Birth Death King from King until Relationship with predecessor(s)
File:Flag of Sitawaka Kingdom (1521 - 1594).png Mayadunne 1501 1581 1521 1581 *Brother of Bhuvaneka Bahu VII
*Son of Vijaya Bahu VII
File:ටිකිරි කුමාරයා.jpg Rajasinha I
(a.k.a. Tikiri Banda)		 1544 1593 1581 1593 *Son of Mayadunne

*Reestablished Shaiva Siddhanta after its decline in Devanampiya Tissa's era and crushed Buddhism

File:Flag of Sitawaka Kingdom (1521 - 1594).png Rajasuriya - - 1593 1594

Kingdom of Kandy (1469–1815)

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House of Siri Sanga Bo (1469–1592)

Template:Main article

Portrait Name Birth Death King from King until Relationship with predecessor(s)
File:King of Kandy.svg Senasammata Vikramabahu - - 1469 1511 *Belongs to Kotte royal blood line
*Leader of the Kandyan secession from Kotte
File:King of Kandy.svg Jayavira Bandara - - 1511 1552 *Son of Senasammata
File:King of Kandy.svg Karalliyadde Bandara - - 1552 1582 *Son of Jayaweera
File:Queen Dona Catherina.JPG Kusumasana Devi - - 1581 1581 *Daughter of Karalliyadde
File:King of Kandy.svg Rajasinha I
(a.k.a. Tikiri Banda)		 1544 1593 1581 1591 *Deposed Kusumasana Devi

House of Dinajara (1591–1739)

Portrait Name Birth Death King from King until Relationship with predecessor(s)
File:King Vimaladharmasuriya I.jpg Vimaladharmasuriya I
(a.k.a. Don João da Austria)		 - 1604 1591 1604 *Son of Vijayasundara Bandara
File:King of Kandy.svg Senarat - 1635 1604 1635 *Cousin of Vimala Dharma Suriya I
File:King Rajasingha II (1608-1687).jpg Rajasinghe II 1608 6 December 1687 1635 25 November 1687 *Son of Senarat and Dona Catherina
File:King of Kandy.svg Vimaladharmasurya II - 4 June 1707 1687 4 June 1707 *Son of King Rajasinghe II
File:King of Kandy.svg Vira Narendra Sinha
(a.k.a. Sri Vira Parakrama Narendra Singha)		 1690 13 May 1739 4 June 1707 13 May 1739 *Son of Vimala Dharma Suriya II

Nayaks of Kandy (1739–1815)

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Portrait Name Birth Death King from King until Marriages Relationship with predecessor(s)
File:King of Kandy.svg Sri Vijaya Rajasinha ?
Madurai, Madurai Nayak dynasty
son of Pitti Nayakkar 		11 August 1747
Kandy 		13 May 1739 11 August 1747 1 Madurai spouse Brother-in-law of Vira Narendra Sinha
File:King of Kandy.svg Kirti Sri Rajasinha 1734
Madurai, Madurai Nayak dynasty
son of Narenappa Nayakkar 		2 January 1782
Kandy 		11 August 1747 2 January 1782 6 Madurai spouses
Yakada Doli
2 sons, 6 daughters 		Brother-in-law of Sri Vijaya Rajasinha
File:Sri Rajadhi Raja Sinha, King of Kandy, on his throne.jpg Sri Rajadhi Rajasinha ?
Madurai
son of Narenappa Nayakkar 		26 July 1798
Kandy 		2 January 1782 26 July 1798 Queen Upendramma Brother of Kirti Sri Rajasinha
File:Sri Vikrama Rajasinha.jpg Sri Vikrama Rajasinha
(a.k.a. Rajasinha IV; Kannasamy) 		1780
Madurai
son of Sri Venkata Perumal and Subbamma Nayaka 		30 January 1832
Vellore Fort, Company rule in India 		26 July 1798 5 March 1815 4 spouses
3 children 		Nephew of Sri Rajadhi Rajasinha

Timeline

Template:Timeline of the Sinhalese Monarchy

Notes

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  1. ↑ The name Sri Lanka refers to the modern-day republic.
  2. ↑ This is the most common date.
  3. ↑ The Nayaks were not an ethnically Sinhalese royal house, nonetheless are considered a part of the Sinhalese monarchy.

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References

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  1. ↑ Mittal (2006) p 405
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Paranavithana (1936) p 459
  4. ↑ MENDIS, G. C. “The Mahābhārata Legends in the Mahāvaṃsa.” The Journal of the Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 5, no. 1 (1957): 81–84. http://www.jstor.org/stable/45377709.
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Mendis (1999), p. 11
  14. ↑ Blaze (1995), p. 58
  15. ↑ Wijesooriya (2006), p. 89
  16. ↑ Blaze (1995), p. 59
  17. ↑ Perera (2001), p. 48
  18. ↑ Gunawardana, R.A.L.H., ‘Prelude to the State: An Early Phase in the Evolution of Political Institutions in Ancient Sri Lanka’, in Gunawardana, R.A.L.H., S. Pathmanathan and M. Rohanadeera (eds.), Reflections on a Heritage: Historical Scholarship on Premodern Sri Lanka, Volume 1, part 1, Central Cultural Fund, Colombo, 1998, pp. 83- 122.
  19. ↑ De Silva (1981), p. 21
  20. ↑ Rambukwelle (1993), p. 38
  21. ↑ Siriweera (2004), p. 92
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Witzel, Michael (2019). "Early 'Aryans' and their neighbors outside and inside India". Journal of Biosciences. 44 (3): 58. doi:10.1007/s12038-019-9881-7. ISSN 0973-7138. PMID 31389347. S2CID 195804491.
  27. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ S G M Weerasinghe, A history of the cultural relations between Sri Lanka and China: an aspect of the Silk Route, Colombo: Central Cultural Fund, 1995, Template:ISBN, p.40
  29. ↑ Stephen Spencer Gosch, Peter N. Stearns, Premodern Travel in World History, Routledge, 2008; Template:ISBN, p.93
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ W. D. J. Benilie Priyanka Emmanuel, Civilization in its Own Words: Inscriptions and Archaeology in Ancient Sri Lanka, University of California, PhD, 2000 p.42
  32. ↑ Ajith Amarasinghe, Finding Sinhabahu: An analysis of the early history of Sri Lanka documented in ancient chronicles, Vijitha Yapa Publications, 2019
  33. ↑ KM Da Silva, A History of Sri Lanka, 1981, pp.3-4
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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Further reading

Primary sources

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Secondary sources

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External links

Template:Monarchs of Sri Lanka Template:Sinhalese Monarchy Template:Epochs of Sri Lanka Monarchs Script error: No such module "Navbox".

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