List of heads of state of Romania
Template:Short description Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists Template:Use dmy dates
This is a list consisting of all the heads of state of modern and contemporary Romania, from the establishment of the United Principalities in 1859 to the present day.
The incumbent head of state, as of 3 May 2026, is President Nicușor Dan.[1]
United Principalities (1859–1881)
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
| Domnitor | Reign | Claim | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
House | Reign start | Reign end | Duration | |
| 1 | File:Alexandru Ioan Cuza - Photo by Carol Popp de Szathmáry.jpg | Alexandru Ioan Cuza (1820–1873)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Cuza | 24 January 1859 | 22 February 1866 (Abdicated)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Template:Age in years and days | Previously ruled as Prince of Wallachia and Moldavia (in a personal union from 1859 until official unification in 1862)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| — | File:Lascarcatargiu.jpg | Lascăr Catargiu (1823–1899)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
— | 22 February 1866 | 20 April 1866 | Template:Age in years and days | File:LocotenentaDomneasca1866.jpg Template:Ill |
| — | File:Nicolae Golescu desen.png | GeneralScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Nicolae Golescu (1810–1877)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||||
| — | File:Nicolae Haralmbie.jpg | ColonelScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Nicolae Haralambie (1835–1908)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||||
| 2 | File:Carol I King of Romania.jpg | Carol I (1839–1914)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen | 20 April 1866 | 15 March 1881 | Template:Age in years and days | 1866 Referendum |
Kingdom of Romania (1881–1947)
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
| King | Reign | Claim | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
House | Reign start | Reign end | Time in office | |
| (2) | File:Carol I King of Romania.jpg | Carol I (1839–1914)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen | 15 March 1881 | 10 October 1914 | Template:Age in years and days | Previously ruled as Domnitor |
| 3 | File:King Ferdinand of Romania.jpg | Ferdinand I (1865–1927)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen | 10 October 1914 | 20 July 1927 | Template:Age in years and days | Nephew of Carol I |
| 4 | File:Michael I of Romania (1927).jpg | Michael I (1921–2017)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen | 20 July 1927 | 8 June 1930 (Deposed)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Template:Age in years and days | Grandson of Ferdinand I |
| — | File:1903Nicholas-09.jpg | Prince Nicholas (1903–1978)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen | 20 July 1927 | 8 June 1930 (Resigned)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Template:Age in years and days | File:1930 - Regenta - Miron Cristea - Nicolae - Sarateanu.PNG Regency Council For Michael I |
| — | File:Miron Cristia patriach of Romania.JPG | Patriarch Miron Cristea (1868–1939)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
— | ||||
| — | File:1929 - Gheorghe Buzdugan - Regent.PNG | Gheorghe Buzdugan (1867–1929)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
7 October 1929 (Died)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Template:Age in years and days | |||
| — | File:1929 - Constantin Sarateanu - Regent.PNG | Template:Ill (1862–1935)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
9 October 1929 | 8 June 1930 (Resigned)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Template:Age in years and days | ||
| 5 | File:Carol II of Romania.jpg | Carol II (1893–1953)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen | 8 June 1930 | 6 September 1940 (Abdicated)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Template:Age in years and days | Son of Ferdinand I |
| (4) | File:Mihai.jpg | Michael I (1921–2017)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen | 6 September 1940 | 30 December 1947 (Abdicated)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Template:Age in years and days | Son of Carol II |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:black;"|— | File:Ion Antonescu 1941.jpg | MarshalScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Ion Antonescu (1882–1946)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
— | 6 September 1940 | 23 August 1944 (Deposed)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Template:Age in years and days | Conducător With Michael I |
Romanian People's Republic/Socialist Republic of Romania (1947–1989)
- Title
- 1947–1948: President of the Provisional Presidium of the Republic
- 1948–1961: President of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly
- 1961–1989: President of the State CouncilTemplate:Efn
- 1974–1989: President of Romania
- Status
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Term of office | Election | Political party | Position(s) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||||
| rowspan=2 style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|6 | File:CI Parhon.jpg | Constantin Ion Parhon (1874–1969)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
30 December 1947 | 13 April 1948 | Template:Age in years and days | 1947 | PMR | President of the Provisional Presidium of the Republic |
| 13 April 1948 | 12 June 1952 | Template:Age in years and days | 1948 | President of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly | ||||
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|7 | File:Petru Groza Anefo.jpg | Petru Groza (1884–1958)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
12 June 1952 | 7 January 1958 (Died)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Template:Age in years and days | 1952 | FP (1952–1953)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Independent (1953–1958)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|— | File:Mihail Sadoveanu (cropped).jpg | Mihail Sadoveanu (1880–1961)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
7 January 1958 | 11 January 1958 | Template:Age in years and days | — | PMR | Acting presidents of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|— | File:No image.png | Anton Moisescu (1913–2002)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
PMR | |||||
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|8 | File:Ion Gheorghe Maurer (1967).jpg | Ion Gheorghe Maurer (1902–2000)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
11 January 1958 | 21 March 1961 | Template:Age in years and days | 1958 | PMR | President of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|9 | File:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej1.jpg | Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej (1901–1965)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
21 March 1961 | 19 March 1965 (Died)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Template:Age in years and days | 1961 | PMR | President of the State Council |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|— | File:Ion Gheorghe Maurer (1967).jpg | Ion Gheorghe Maurer (1902–2000)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
19 March 1965 | 24 March 1965 | Template:Age in years and days | — | PMR | Acting presidents of the State Council |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|— | File:Stefan Voitec1.jpg | Ștefan Voitec (1900–1984)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
PMR | |||||
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|— | File:Avram Bunaciu.jpg | Avram Bunaciu (1909–1983)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
PMR | |||||
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|10 | File:Chivu Stoica 1957.jpg | Chivu Stoica (1908–1975)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
24 March 1965 | 9 December 1967 (Resigned)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Template:Age in years and days | 1965 | PMR PCR |
President of the State Council |
| rowspan=2 style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|11 | File:Nicolae Ceaușescu.jpg | Nicolae Ceaușescu (1918–1989)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
9 December 1967 | 22 December 1989Template:Efn | Template:Age in years and days | 1967 | PCR | |
| 28 March 1974 | 22 December 1989 (Deposed)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1974 1980 1985 |
President of Romania | |||||
General Secretary of the Romanian Workers' Party/Romanian Communist Party
| Portrait | Name (Birth–Death)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Term of office | Position(s) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
| rowspan=2 style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"| | File:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej1.jpg | Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej (1901–1965)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
16 October 1945 | 19 April 1954 | Template:Age in years and days | General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party |
| 21 February 1948 | General Secretary of the Romanian Workers' Party | |||||
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"| | File:Gheorghe Apostol.jpg | Gheorghe Apostol (1913–2010)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
19 April 1954 | 30 September 1955 | Template:Age in years and days | First Secretary of the Romanian Workers' Party |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"| | File:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej1.jpg | Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej (1901–1965)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
30 September 1955 | 19 March 1965 (Died)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Template:Age in years and days | |
| rowspan=2 style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"| | File:Nicolae Ceaușescu.jpg | Nicolae Ceaușescu (1918–1989)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
22 March 1965 | 22 December 1989 (Deposed)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Template:Age in years and days | |
| 24 July 1965 | General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party | |||||
Romania (1989–present)
The Constitution of Romania prohibits the President to be a member of any political party while in office. The parties listed below represent the political affiliation before the 1991 Constitution was adopted and the party affiliation of the ad interim (i.e. acting) presidents, for whom such a restriction is not explicitly stipulated in the law.
- Title
- 1989Script error: No such module "String".: Council of the National Salvation Front (collective)
- 1989–1990: President of the Council of the National Salvation Front
- 1990Script error: No such module "String".: President of the Provisional National Unity Council
- 1990–present: President of Romania
- Status
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Term of office | Election | Political party | Government(s)(Term)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Position(s) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||||
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|— | File:CFSN Revolution Roumaine.jpg | Council of the National Salvation Front[2]Spokesman: Ion IliescuScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 22 December 1989 | 26 December 1989 | Template:Age in years and days | — | FSN | Itself(1989)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Collective Head of State |
| rowspan=3 style="background:Template:Party color; height:60px; color:white;"|— | File:Ion Iliescu - Sep 2003.jpg | Ion Iliescu (born 1930)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Efn |
26 December 1989[3] | 20 June 1990 | Template:Age in years and days | FebScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1990 | FSN (1989–1992)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". FDSN (1992)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". PDSR (1992–1996)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Roman I–II–III (1989–1991)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Stolojan(1991–1992)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Văcăroiu(1992–1996)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | President of the Council of the National Salvation Front |
| President of the Provisional National Unity Council | |||||||||
| 20 June 1990 | 29 November 1996 | MayScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1990 1992 |
President of Romania | ||||||
| style="background:Template:Party color; height:60px; color:white;"|12 | |||||||||
| style="background:Template:Party color; height:60px; color:white;"| | |||||||||
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|13 | File:Emil Constantinescu.jpg | Emil Constantinescu (born 1939)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
29 November 1996 | 20 December 2000 | Template:Age in years and days | 1996 | PNȚCD | Ciorbea(1996–1998)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Vasile(1998–1999)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Isărescu(1999–2000)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|(12) | File:Ion Iliescu - Sep 2003.jpg | Ion Iliescu (born 1930)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
20 December 2000 | 20 December 2004 | Template:Age in years years | 2000 | PDSR | Năstase(2000–2004)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|14 | File:Traian Băsescu - Dec 2013.jpg | Traian Băsescu (born 1951)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Efn |
20 December 2004 | 21 December 2014 | Template:Age in years and days | 20042009 | PD (2004–2007)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". PDL (2007–2014)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Tăriceanu I–II(2004–2008)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Boc I–II(2008–2012)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Ungureanu(2012)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Ponta I–II–III–IV(2012–2014)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|— | File:Nicolae Văcăroiu (cropped).jpg | Nicolae Văcăroiu (born 1943)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Efn |
20 April 2007 | 23 May 2007 | Template:Age in years and days | — | PSD | Tăriceanu II(2007–2008)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | ad interim President of Romania (as President of the Senate)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:black;"|— | File:Crin Antonescu - 28 March 2025.jpg | Crin Antonescu (born 1959)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Efn |
10 July 2012 | 27 August 2012 | Template:Age in years and days | — | PNL | Ponta I(2012)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | ad interim President of Romania (as President of the Senate)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:black;"|15 | File:Клаус Йоханнис (52539721210).jpg | Klaus Iohannis (born 1959)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
21 December 2014 | 12 February 2025 | Template:Age in years and days | 2014 2019 |
PNL | Ponta IV(2014–2015)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Cioloș(2015–2017)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Grindeanu(2017)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Tudose(2017–2018)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Dăncilă(2018–2019)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Orban I–II(2019–2020)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Cîțu(2020–2021)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Ciucă(2021–2023)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Ciolacu I–II(2023–2025)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | President of Romania |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:black;"|— | File:Ilie Bolojan - 6 March 2025 (cropped).jpg | Ilie Bolojan (born 1969)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Efn |
12 February 2025 | 26 May 2025 | Template:Age in years and days | — | PNL | Ciolacu II(2025)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | ad interim President of Romania (as President of the Senate)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:black;"|16 | File:President Nicușor Dan Official Portrait (cropped) (3).jpg | Nicușor Dan (born 1969)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
26 May 2025 | Incumbent | Template:Age in years and days | 2025 | Independent | Ciolacu II(2025)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Bolojan(2025)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | President of Romania |
Timeline
<timeline> ImageSize = width:1100 height:auto barincrement:13 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:110 right:100 left:20 AlignBars = late
Define $today = 03/05/2026
Colors =
id:ind value:rgb(0.8,0.8,0.8) legend: Independent id:military value:rgb(0.76,0.69,0.57) legend: Military id:Cuza value:rgb(0.573,0.463,0) legend: House_of_Cuza id:H-S value:rgb(0,0,0) legend: House_of_Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen id:PCR value:rgb(0.7,0,0) legend: Romanian_Worker's/Communist_Party id:FSN value:rgb(0.855,0.439,0.839) legend: National_Salvation_Front id:FDSN value:rgb(0.8,0.2,0.2) legend: Democratic_National_Salvation_Front id:PSD value:red legend: Party_of_Social_Democracy_in_Romania/Social_Democratic_Party id:PNTCD value:rgb(0,0.29,0.573) legend: Christian_Democratic_National_Peasant's_Party id:PD value:rgb(0.89,0.384,0) legend: Democratic_Party id:PDL value:rgb(0.957,0.455,0.106) legend: Democratic_Liberal_Party id:PNL value:rgb(1,0.867,0) legend: National_Liberal_Party
id:gray1 value:gray(0.90) id:gray2 value:gray(0.95)
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1859 till:31/12/2027 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:10 start:1860 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gray2 unit:year increment:1 start:1859
Legend = columns:1 left:100 top:74 columnwidth:100
TextData =
pos:(20,77) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"Affiliation:"
BarData =
bar:Cuza bar:CarolI bar:FerdinandI bar:MichaelI bar:CarolII bar:Antonescu bar:Ion_Parhon bar:Groza bar:Maurer bar:Gheorghiu-Dej bar:Stoica bar:Ceaușescu bar:Council bar:Iliescu bar:Constantinescu bar:Băsescu bar:Văcăroiu bar:CAntonescu bar:Iohannis bar:Bolojan bar:Dan
PlotData =
align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till width:5
bar:Cuza from: 05/02/1862 till: 22/02/1866 color:Cuza text:"Alexandru Ioan Cuza" bar:CarolI from: 20/04/1866 till: 10/10/1914 color:H-S text:"Carol I" bar:FerdinandI from: 10/10/1914 till: 20/07/1927 color:H-S text:"Ferdinand I" bar:MichaelI from: 20/07/1927 till: 08/06/1930 color:H-S from: 06/09/1940 till: 30/12/1947 color:H-S text:"Michael I" bar:CarolII from: 08/06/1930 till: 06/09/1940 color:H-S text:"Carol II" bar:Antonescu from: 06/09/1940 till: 23/08/1944 color:military text:"Ion Antonescu" bar:Ion_Parhon from: 30/12/1947 till: 12/06/1952 color:PCR text:"Constantin Ion Parhon" bar:Groza from: 12/06/1952 till: 07/01/1958 color:PCR text:"Petru Groza" bar:Maurer from: 11/01/1958 till: 21/03/1961 color:PCR text:"Ion Gheorghe Maurer" bar:Gheorghiu-Dej from: 21/03/1961 till: 19/03/1965 color:PCR text:"Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej" bar:Stoica from: 24/03/1965 till: 09/12/1967 color:PCR text:"Chivu Stoica" bar:Ceaușescu from: 09/12/1967 till: 22/12/1989 color:PCR text:"Nicolae Ceaușescu" bar:Council from: 22/12/1989 till: 26/12/1989 color:FSN text:"National Salvation Front" bar:Iliescu from: 26/12/1989 till: 07/04/1992 color:FSN from: 07/04/1992 till: 10/07/1993 color:FDSN from: 10/07/1993 till: 29/11/1996 color:PSD from: 20/12/2000 till: 20/12/2004 color:PSD text:"Ion Iliescu" bar:Constantinescu from: 29/11/1996 till: 20/12/2000 color:PNTCD text:"Emil Constantinescu" bar:Băsescu from: 20/12/2004 till: 20/04/2007 color:PD from: 23/05/2007 till: 15/12/2007 color:PD from: 15/12/2007 till: 10/07/2012 color:PDL from: 27/08/2012 till: 21/12/2014 color:PDL text:"Traian Băsescu" bar:Văcăroiu from: 19/04/2007 till: 23/05/2007 color:PSD text:"Nicolae Văcăroiu (acting)" bar:CAntonescu from: 10/07/2012 till: 27/08/2012 color:PNL text:"Crin Antonescu (acting)" bar:Iohannis from: 21/12/2014 till: 12/02/2025 color:PNL text:"Klaus Iohannis" bar:Bolojan from: 12/02/2025 till: 26/05/2025 color:PNL text:"Ilie Bolojan (acting)" bar:Dan from: 26/05/2025 till: $today color:ind text:"Nicușor Dan"
</timeline>
Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote".
Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote". Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote".
See also
Footnotes and references
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Bulei, Ion, O istorie a românilor, Editura Meronia, București, 2007, pg. 266–267
External links
Script error: No such module "Navbox".
bg:Крал на Румъния da:Rumæniens konger et:Rumeenia riigipeade loend es:Gobernantes de Rumania fr:Liste des souverains de Roumanie id:Daftar Raja Rumania it:Re di Romania la:Index regum praesidumque Romaniae pl:Władcy Rumunii pt:Anexo:Lista de reis da Romênia sl:Seznam predsednikov Romunije zh:罗马尼亚君主