Ilhéu das Rolas

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Ilhéu das Rolas (also: Ilheu Gago Coutinho) is an islet in the African island nation of São Tomé and Príncipe. It lies on the Equator, off the southern tip of São Tomé Island, separated by Canal das Rolas. Its maximum elevation is Script error: No such module "convert"..[1] Its population was 76 at the 2012 census.[2] It is part of the Caué District. Access to the island is only by ferry from Ponta Baleia on São Tomé Island. There is a lighthouse on the islet, built in 1929,[3] whose focal height is Script error: No such module "convert". and range is Script error: No such module "convert"..[4] The island is home to a small resort, the Pestana Equador.

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File:São Tomé - Ilhéu das Rolas HDR.jpg
Ilhéu das Rolas with the view of nearby São Tomé
File:Equator Sao Tome.jpg
A monument that shows the equator marked as it crosses Ilhéu das Rolas. The shadow points SW, indicating that the sun is several degrees north; likely late April or early August, about 1-2 hours before noon.

History

The island was mentioned as "Illie de Rolle" in a 1665 map by Johannes Vingboons.[5] and as "I. de Rolle" in a 1780 map by A. Dalrymple.[6]

Gago Coutinho (1869–1959), officer of the Portuguese Navy, navigator and historian, headed a geodesic mission to São Tomé between 1915 and 1918, when marks were placed as a basis for a geodetic network in the archipelago. After that, observations for triangulation, precise base measurement and astronomical observations were made.

In the process, Gago Coutinho proved that Ilhéu das Rolas is crossed by the equatorial line. The resulting map was published in 1919, together with the Report of the Geodetic Mission on São Tomé Island 1915–1918, that was officially considered the first complete work of practical geodesy in the Portuguese colonies.

Nature

The islet is abundant in flora and fauna. Some endemic species are Greeff's giant gecko,[7] birds such as the São Tomé prinia and the São Tomé weaver and frogs such as Phrynobatrachus leveleve and Schistometopum thomense.

Gallery

References

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  1. ↑ Template:Cite enroute
  2. ↑ 2012 detailed census São Tomé e Príncipe Template:Webarchive, Instituto Nacional de Estatística
  3. ↑ Template:Cite rowlett
  4. ↑ Template:Cite ngall
  5. ↑ 1665 map of the island of São ToméScript error: No such module "Unsubst". by Johannes Vingboons, now at the Dutch National Archive
  6. ↑ 1780 map of the island of São Tomé by T. Harmar and A. Dalrymple, now at the French National Library
  7. ↑ Hemidactylus greeffii at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 2018-02-13.

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