Stenocereus

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Stenocereus, from Ancient Greek στενός (stenós), meaning "narrow", and Latin cēreus, meaning "candle", is a genus of columnar or tree-like cacti from the Baja California Peninsula and other parts of Mexico, Arizona in the United States, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Venezuela and the West Indies. The genus has been enlarged by the addition of species from several other genera. A close relative is the peculiar chinoa or chende cactus, Polaskia chende.

Description

The species within the genus exhibit varying growth habits, often resembling trees or shrubs. They can also stretch out or creep to form dense thickets, and some species develop well-formed trunks. The green shoots of these plants are cylindrical in shape and feature distinctive cylindrical ribs. From these ribs, woolly areoles are present, from which strong spines emerge. Additionally, some species may have warts, while others do not. The flowers are mostly borne near the apex of the stems, funnel- or bell-shaped, and mostly nocturnal. The stem that supports the flowers (pericarpel) is often covered with numerous spiny areoles. They are considered easy to grow and generally grow slowly.[1]

Stenocereus thurberi (the organ pipe cactus) is a well-known member of this genus and is widely distributed in Arizona and northern Mexico.

The fruit is similar to a dragon fruit. They are typically fleshy, up to 7.5 centimeters in length, and are adorned with thorns. The fruits tend to split open irregularly, and in most cases, the remnants of the flower remain attached until just before the fruit ripens. The seeds within the fruits are large, glossy, and usually dark black in color. They are also typically smooth in texture. Those of Stenocereus gummosus, acidic and very refreshing, are highly favored by the Seris of northwestern Mexico[2] who call the cactus ziix is ccapxl[3] – "thing whose fruit is sour". It is commonly known in Spanish as pitaya agria, or by the English translation sour pitaya. S. griseus (dagger cactus) fruits, locally known as iguaraya, are relished by the Wayuu people from the Guajira Peninsula of Colombia.[4]

Stenocereus are often used as ornamental plants in hot and arid regions, and as noted above, some species can double as a fruit crop.

The interior of Stenocereus trunks often grows to form tough, cane-like stakes suitable for certain kinds of construction. The Wayuu use those of Dagger Cactus for building wattle and daub walls, a technique they call yotojoro, after their name for the cactus wood "canes".[4]

Species

As of October 2025Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Plants of the World Online accepts the following species:[5]

Image Scientific name Common name Distribution
File:Rathbunia alamosensis 346.JPG Stenocereus alamosensis (J.M. Coult.) A.C. Gibson & K.E. Horak Octopus cactus, cina Mexico
File:Hertrichocereus beneckei.jpg Stenocereus beneckei (Ehrenb.) A. Berger & Buxb. Central Mexico
Stenocereus chacalapensis (Bravo & T. MacDoug.) Buxb. Oaxaca - Mexico
Stenocereus chrysocarpus Sánchez-Mej. Guerrero and Michoacán, Mexico
File:Stenocereus eruca-IMG 6486.JPG Stenocereus eruca (Brandegee) A.C. Gibson & K.E. Horak Creeping devil caterpillar cactus Baja California Sur - Mexico
Stenocereus fricii Sánchez-Mej. Pitayo De Aguas Colima, Jalisco, Michoacan de Ocampo - Mexico
File:Stenocereus griseus (1).jpg Stenocereus griseus (Haw.) Buxb. Dagger cactus, yosú (Wayuunaiki) Mexico to Venezuela
File:RanchoPuntaSanCristobal34.JPG Stenocereus gummosus (Engelm.) A. Gibson & K.E. Horak Sour pitaya, pitaya agria, ziix is ccapxl (Cmiique iitom) Baja California (Norte), Baja California Sur - Mexico
File:Pájara La Lajita - Oasis Park - x05 01 ies.jpg Stenocereus heptagonus (L.) Mottram Greater Antilles to Virgin Islands
File:Stenocereus huastecorum.jpg Stenocereus huastecorum Alvarado-Sizzo, Arreola-Nava & Terrazas Northeastern and central Mexico
Stenocereus humilis (Britton & Rose) D.R.Hunt Central Colombia
File:Stenocereus kerberi 1.jpg Stenocereus kerberi (K. Schum.) A.C. Gibson & K.E. Horak Colima, Sinaloa - Mexico
File:Stenocereus martinezii flower.jpg Stenocereus martinezii (J.G. Ortega) Buxb. Pitahayo, Pitayo Sinaloa - Mexico
File:Pitaya sonora.jpg Stenocereus montanus (Britton & Rose) Buxb. Chihuahua, Colima, Jalisco, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Sonora - Mexico
File:Stenocereus species (5723050573).jpg Stenocereus pruinosus (Otto ex Pfeiff.) Buxb. Chiapas, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Puebla, Tamaulipas, Veracruz-Llave - Mexico
File:Bwy1257508914v.JPG Stenocereus queretaroensis F.A.C.Weber ex Mathes.) Buxb. Colima, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Michoacan de Ocampo, Queretaro de Zaragoza - Mexico
File:Stenocereus quevedonis 1.jpg Stenocereus quevedonis (J.G. Ortega) Buxb. Pitire Sinaloa - Mexico
File:Stenocereus standleyi 1.jpg Stenocereus standleyi (J.G. Ortega) Buxb. Pitaya Marismena Guerrero, Sinaloa - Mexico
File:Stenocereus stellatus 01.jpg Stenocereus stellatus (Pfeiff.) Riccob. Baja organ pipe cactus Oaxaca, Morelos, Puebla - Mexico
File:Glandulicereus thurberi (5781366444).jpg Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxb. Organpipe cactus Baja California (Norte), Baja California Sur, Sinaloa, Sonora - Mexico, Arizona - United States
File:Stenocereus treleasei (5752018680).jpg Stenocereus treleasei (Vaupel) Backeb. Tunillo Oaxaca - Mexico
File:Stenocereus zopilotensis 1.jpg Stenocereus zopilotensis Arreola-Nava & Terrazas Mexico (Guerrero)

Footnotes

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Felger & Moser (1985)
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ a b Villalobos et al. (2007)
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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References

  • Anderson, Edward F. (2001): The Cactus Family Template:ISBN?
  • Felger, Richard & Moser, Mary B. (1985): People of the desert and sea: ethnobotany of the Seri Indians. University of Arizona Press, Tucson Template:ISBN?
  • Innes, C. & Wall, B. (1995): Cacti, Succulents and Bromaliads. Cassell & The Royal Horticultural Society.Template:ISBN?
  • Villalobos, Soraya; Vargas, Orlando & Melo, Sandra (2007): Uso, manejo y conservacion de "yosú", Stenocereus griseus (Cactaceae) en la Alta Guajira colombiana [Usage, Management and Conservation of yosú, Stenocereus griseus (Cactaceae), in the Upper Guajira, Colombia]. [Spanish with English abstract] Acta Biológica Colombiana 12(1): 99–112. PDF fulltext

External links

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