Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam

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The Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam (PRG, Template:Langx, chữ Hán: Template:Vi-nom), was formed on 8 June 1969, by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam), as an armed rival government opposing the government of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) under President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu. Delegates of the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam (Viet Cong), as well as several smaller groups, participated in its creation.

The PRG was recognized as the government of South Vietnam by most communist states and Malta.[1] It signed the 1973 Paris Peace Treaty as an independent entity, separate from both South Vietnam and North Vietnam. After the Fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975, the PRG formally replaced the Republic of Vietnam to become the nominal and representative government of South Vietnam under the official name Republic of South Vietnam (Template:Langx), inheriting all properties, rights, obligations and sovereignty representation of the Republic of Vietnam. On 2 July 1976, the Republic of South Vietnam and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam constitutionally merged to form the current Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

History

The Provisional Revolutionary Government was preceded by the Vietnam Alliance of National, Democratic, and Peaceful Forces (VANDPF)[2]Script error: No such module "Unsubst". made up of anti-government forces and headed by Trinh Dinh Thao.[3] The Alliance was a collection of individuals who wanted a new South Vietnamese government but disagreed with the ever-present Northern Communist presence.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Discussions about forming an alliance had begun as early as 1966, but plans were disrupted when South Vietnamese intelligence agents apprehended a prominent anti-government figure, Ba Tra. Ba Tra gave the South Vietnamese government extensive information on anti-government forces working in the city.[4] This setback was compounded by his identification of one of the key cadre in the financial division.[4]

Under torture, Ba Tra identified more figures in the underground, who were then arrested. By 1967, the entire Saigon organization had been sent further underground.[5]

In early 1969, the then-new American president, Richard Nixon, started a process of Vietnamization to allow the United States Armed Forces to withdraw from South Vietnam.[6]

1969–1975

On 8 June 1969 delegates from the Vietcong, the VANDPF, the People's Revolutionary Party (the South Vietnamese communist party) and "the usual assortment of mass organizations, ethnic groups, and geopolitical regions" met off Route 22 in Cambodia's Fishhook region and formed the Provisional Revolutionary Government (PRG).[6] Banners displayed prominently at the convention proclaimed that "South Vietnam is independent, democratic, peaceful, and neutral".[6]

Following the military and political results of the 1968 Tet Offensive and related military offensives in the South by Saigon and the United States, in which the Vietcong suffered serious military losses, the PRG was envisioned as a political counter-force that could influence international public opinion in support of reunification and in opposition to the United States and South Vietnam.[7]

The declared purpose of the PRG was to provide a formal governmental structure to the NLF and enhance its claim of representing "the Southern people".[8] Included in this strategy was the pursuit of a negotiated settlement to the war leading to reunification, organized during the initial phase of Vietnamization. According to Justice Minister Trương Như Tảng, the new group's main purpose was to help the NLF "acquire a new international stature."[7]

During 1969–70, most of the PRG's cabinet ministries operated near the Cambodian border. Starting on 29 March to late April 1970, the US and South Vietnamese offensives forced the PRG to flee deeper into Cambodia. The stressful escape caused many of the PRG officials (such as Trương Như Tạng) to need extensive medical furloughs. After Trương Như Tạng returned, he noticed that new cadres from the north were causing problems for the non-communist members of the PRG.[9] One member in particular, Ba Cap, harshly denounced most of the PRG as bourgeois.[10] Tạng complained to the higher members of the DRV government, but was rebuffed. Tạng later saw this as the point when the PRG turned from being an independent South Vietnam-based alternative government to being a mouthpiece for the communist movement.[11]

The central bodies of the PRG functioned as a provisional government. The PRG maintained diplomatic relations with many countries of the Non-Aligned Movement, such as Algeria and SFR Yugoslavia[12] as well as with the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China.

1975–1976

After the Fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975, the PRG assumed power in South Vietnam and subsequently participated in the reunification of Vietnam.

According to professor Ngô Vĩnh Long (University of Maine), in mid-July 1975, the delegates of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (Nguyễn Văn Lưu) and the Republic of South Vietnam (Đinh Bá Thi) applied to join the United Nations (UN) as two independent member states. However, both countries failed in joining the United Nations due to American vetoes on 11 August and 30 September 1975 as the USSR and China refused to allow South Korea to join the organization on 6 August. However, North Vietnam and North Vietnamese-occupied South Vietnam became two UN observers in 1975.[13][14] Kuwait was the last country to recognize and establish diplomatic relations with the Republic of South Vietnam on 22 and 24 January 1976, before North and South Vietnam were eventually reunited on 2 July 1976.

Government and politics

The Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam was centralised as a part of the ideology of democratic centralism.[15]

Cabinet

Post Name Took office Left office Party
Chairman of Consultative Council (Head of State) Nguyễn Hữu Thọ 6 June 1969 2 July 1976 People's Revolutionary Party and Democratic Party of Vietnam
Chairman of Government (Prime Minister and de facto leader) Huỳnh Tấn Phát 8 June 1969 2 July 1976 People's Revolutionary Party and Democratic Party of Vietnam
Vice-chairman Phung Van Cung 8 June 1969 1976 Democratic Party of Vietnam
Vice-chairman Nguyễn Văn Kiệt 8 June 1969 1976
Vice-chairman Nguyen Doa 8 June 1969 1976
Minister of Presidential Palace of Government Tran Buu Kiem 8 June 1969 1976 People's Revolutionary Party and Democratic Party of Vietnam
Minister of Defense Trần Nam Trung 8 June 1969 1976 People's Revolutionary Party
Minister of Foreign Affairs Nguyễn Thị Bình 8 June 1969 1976 People's Revolutionary Party
Minister of the Interior Phung Van Cung 8 June 1969 1976
Minister of Justice Trương Như Tảng 8 June 1969 1976
Minister of Economy and Finance Cao Van Bon
Duong Ky Hiep (acting from 1975)		 8 June 1969 died 1971
Minister of Information and Culture Lưu Hữu Phước 8 June 1969 1976
Minister of Education and Youth Nguyễn Văn Kiệt 8 June 1969 1976
Minister of Health, Social Action and Disabled Soldiers Dương Quỳnh Hoa 8 June 1969 1976 People's Revolutionary Party

Foreign relations

Within a year of its establishment in 1969, the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam was recognized by 25 countries and established diplomatic relations with them.[16] By July 1976, before the formal reunification of North and South Vietnam, the Republic of South Vietnam had been recognized by 80 countries and established diplomatic relations with 71 of them.[17][18]

Country Date of Recognition Date of diplomatic relations Notes
File:Flag of Cuba.svg CubaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 11 June 1969 11 June 1969
File:Flag of Algeria.svg AlgeriaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 11 June 1969 11 June 1969
File:Flag of North Korea (1948–1992).svg North KoreaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 11 June 1969 11 June 1969
Template:Country data Polish People's RepublicScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 12 June 1969 12 June 1969
Template:Country data Ba'athist SyriaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 12 June 1969 12 June 1969
Template:Country data People's Republic of BulgariaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 13 June 1969 13 June 1969
Template:Country data Hungarian People's RepublicScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 13 June 1969 13 June 1969
File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg ChinaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 14 June 1969 14 June 1969
Template:Country data Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–1970)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 14 June 1969 14 June 1969
File:Flag of Albania.svg AlbaniaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 16 June 1969 16 June 1969
File:Flag of East Germany.svg East GermanyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 29 June 1969 20 June 1969
Template:Country data Socialist Republic of RomaniaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 24 June 1969 24 June 1969
Template:Country data Czechoslovak Socialist RepublicScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". June 27, 1969 June 27, 1969
File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet UnionScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". June 29, 1969 June 29, 1969
Template:Country data Mongolian People's RepublicScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 2 July 1969 2 July 1969
File:Flag of South Yemen.svg South YemenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". July 8, 1969 July 8, 1969
Template:Country data People's Republic of the CongoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". August 7, 1969 August 22, 1969
Template:Country data Ba'athist IraqScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". November 7, 1969 November 25, 1969
File:Flag of Mauritania (1959–2017).svg MauritaniaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". November 9, 1969 November 29, 1969
File:Flag of Sudan.svg SudanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". November 15, 1969 December 8, 1969
File:Flag of Tanzania.svg TanzaniaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". December 24, 1969 July 8, 1970
File:Flag of the United Arab Republic.svg United Arab RepublicScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". April 11, 1970 April 23, 1970 This date marks the establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of South Vietnam and the United Arab Republic.
File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri LankaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". July 14, 1970 June 24, 1975 This date marks the establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of South Vietnam and Ceylon.
File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg YugoslaviaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". April 29, 1971 May 22, 1971
File:Flag of Somalia.svg SomaliaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". October 10, 1971 February 14, 1972
File:Flag of Mali.svg MaliScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". February 21, 1972 February 25, 1972
File:Flag of Chile.svg ChileScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". September 8, 1972 September 8, 1972 Following the 1973 Chilean coup d'état, the Republic of South Vietnam severed diplomatic relations with Chile on 14 September 1973
File:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg Equatorial GuineaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". September 30, 1972 January 17, 1975
File:Flag of Guyana.svg GuyanaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". December 22, 1972 April 19, 1975
File:Flag of Uganda.svg UgandaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". February 7, 1973 February 9, 1973
File:Flag of Benin.svg DahomeyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". March 14, 1973 March 14, 1973 This date marks the establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of South Vietnam and Dahomey.
File:Flag of Burundi.svg BurundiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". March 22, 1973 April 16, 1973
File:Flag of Senegal.svg SenegalScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". July 3, 1973 July 3, 1973
File:Flag of Guinea.svg GuineaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". July 24, 1973 July 25, 1973
File:Flag of Malta.svg MaltaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". September 2, 1973 September 8, 1973
File:Flag of Zambia.svg ZambiaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". September 2, 1973 September 8, 1973
File:Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg Guinea-BissauScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". September 28, 1973 May 20, 1974
File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg BangladeshScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". October 5, 1973 October 24, 1973
File:Flag of Madagascar.svg MadagascarScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". June 10, 1974 June 10, 1974
File:Flag of Mauritius.svg MauritiusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". June 14, 1974
File:Flag of the Yemen Arab Republic.svg North YemenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". September 13, 1974 November 13, 1974
File:Flag of Gabon.svg GabonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". January 1, 1975 January 9, 1975
Template:Country data Republic of Afghanistan (1973–1978)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". March 5, 1975 March 8, 1975
File:Flag of Libya (1977–2011).svg LibyaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". March 15, 1975 March 15, 1975
File:Flag of Zaire (1971–1997).svg ZaireScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". April 5, 1975 April 5, 1975
File:Flag of Laos.svg LaosScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". April 30, 1975 August 12, 1975
File:Flag of Cyprus.svg CyprusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". May 1, 1975
File:Flag of Sweden.svg SwedenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". May 2, 1975 July 13, 1975
File:Flag of Finland.svg FinlandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". May 2, 1975 July 4, 1975
File:Flag of Thailand.svg ThailandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". May 2, 1975
File:Flag of India.svg IndiaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". May 2, 1975 May 30, 1975
File:Flag of Denmark.svg DenmarkScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". May 2, 1975 May 2, 1975
File:Flag of Pakistan.svg PakistanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". May 3, 1975 July 1, 1975
File:Flag of Jamaica.svg JamaicaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". May 11, 1975
File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg NetherlandsScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". May 15, 1975 June 20, 1975
File:Flag of Niger.svg NigerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". May 14, 1975
File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg AustraliaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". May 15, 1975 August 8, 1975
File:Flag of Japan.svg JapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". May 16, 1975
File:Flag of Mexico.svg MexicoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". May 22, 1975 May 26, 1975
Template:Country data Socialist Republic of the Union of BurmaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". May 25, 1975 May 30, 1975
File:Flag of Malaysia.svg MalaysiaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". May 26, 1975 July 4, 1975
File:Flag of Nigeria.svg NigeriaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". May 1975
File:Flag of Nepal.svg   NepalScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". May 26, 1975
File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New ZealandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". May 26, 1975 November 5, 1975
File:Flag of France.svg FranceScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". May 26, 1975 May 26, 1975
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United KingdomScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". May 31, 1975 June 23, 1975
File:Flag of Italy.svg ItalyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". May 31, 1975 July 9, 1975
File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg CanadaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". May 31, 1975 June 25, 1975
Template:Country data People's Republic of MozambiqueScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". June 25, 1975 June 25, 1975
File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg BelgiumScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". June 27, 1975 July 9, 1975
File:Flag of Jordan.svg JordanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". June 22, 1975
File:Flag of Maldives.svg MaldivesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". June 20, 1975 June 24, 1975
File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  SwitzerlandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". June 20, 1975 June 26, 1975
File:Flag of Norway.svg NorwayScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". May 2, 1975 May 2, 1975
File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg LuxembourgScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". July 3, 1975 July 10, 1975
File:Flag of Austria.svg AustriaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". July 7, 1975 July 10, 1975
File:Flag of Iceland.svg IcelandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". August 8, 1975 August 15, 1975
File:Flag of Panama.svg PanamaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". August 28, 1975 August 28, 1975
Template:Country data Côte d'IvoireScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". October 6, 1975 October 6, 1975
File:Flag of Kuwait.svg KuwaitScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 22 January 1976 24 January 1976

Culture

Music

The national anthem of the Government was Liberate the South (Vietnamese: Script error: No such module "Lang".). The song was written in 1961 by Lưu Hữu Phước (1921–1989) and adopted at that time as the anthem of the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam (Viet Cong).

In 1966, Lưu Hữu Phước wrote a military song Template:Ill (Script error: No such module "Lang".) as an encouragement the soldiers going to attack Saigon in the Tet Offensive. The song was spread again during the fall of Saigon.

Photos

See also

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References

Citations

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  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  4. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  6. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  7. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ 阮文广大使举行盛大招待会 热烈庆祝越南南方共和临时革命政府成立一周年.《人民日报》1970年6月7日：“（阮文广说）截至目前为止，她已获得二十五个国家的承认并建立了外交关系，同时以不同的形式或程度与其他四十多个国家建立了关系。越南南方共和临时革命政府的国际威望日益空前的提高。”
  17. ↑ 越南南方解放以来 三十个国家决定同越南南方共和建交.《人民日报》1975年6月8日
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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Sources

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  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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External links

Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/check Provisional Revolutionary Government
1975–1976 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by

Template:Vietnam War Script error: No such module "Navbox". Script error: No such module "Authority control".

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