Rafat, Salfit

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "For". Script error: No such module "Settlement short description".Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".Expression error: Unexpected < operator. Rafat (Template:Langx) is a Palestinian town in the Salfit Governorate of the State of Palestine, in the northern West Bank, 38 kilometers southwest of Nablus. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, it had a population of 2,522 in 2017.[1]

Location

Rafat is Script error: No such module "convert". west of Salfit. It is south of az-Zawiya, north east of Deir Ballut, north west of Kafr ad-Dik, and east of Kafr Qasem.[2]

History

Sherds from the Iron Age II, Persian, Hellenistic/Roman, Byzantine, Crusader/Ayyubid and Mamluk eras have been found here.[3][4]

Three olive oil installations dating from the Iron Age have been found here, alongside a white mosaic pavement.[3]

Ottoman era

In 1517, the village was included in the Ottoman empire with the rest of Palestine, and potsherds from the early Ottoman period have been found here.[3] It appeared in the 1596 tax-records as 'Arafat, located in the Nahiya of Jabal Qubal of the Liwa of Nablus. The population was 6 households, all Muslim. In addition to sporadic income and a fixed tax for residents of the Nablus region, they paid a fixed tax rate of 33.3% on agricultural products like wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, goats, and beehives; a total of 3,100 akçe.[5]

In the 18th and 19th centuries, Rafat formed part of the highland region known as Jūrat ‘Amra or Bilād Jammā‘īn. It was situated between Dayr Ghassāna in the south, and Majdal Yābā, Jammā‘īn, Mardā and Kifl Ḥāris in the east. According to historian Roy Marom, it served as a buffer zone between Jerusalem and Nablus, and suffered from instability due to the migration of Bedouin tribes and infighting among local clans for the right to collect taxes on behalf of the Ottoman authorities."[6]

In 1838, Rafat was described as a Muslim village in Jurat Merda, south of Nablus.[7] The area was dotted by ruins.[8]

In 1870, Victor Guérin found a number of ancient cisterns, a rectangular birket cut in the rock measuring 15 paces long by 10 broad, and several tombs.[9][10] In 1870/1871 (1288 AH), an Ottoman census listed the village in the nahiya (sub-district) of Jamma'in al-Thani, subordinate to Nablus.[11] In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Rafat as "a semi-ruinous stone village on a ridge, apparently an ancient site, with a very conspicuous Mukam on a piece of rock west of the village, and rock-cut tombs. The water supply is from wells and cisterns."[12] They further noted: "On the north-west of the village is a steep rocky descent, in which are two tombs of the kind called 'rock-sunk', one of which is cut in a square block of rock, the top of which is levelled."[13]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Rafat had a population of 92, all Muslim,[14] increasing in the 1931 census to 127, still all Muslim, in a total of 31 houses.[15]

In the 1945 statistics the population of Rafat was 180, all Muslims,[16] while the total land area was 8,125 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.[17] Of this, 1,889 dunams were used for cereals,[18] while 24 dunams were classified as built-up (urban) areas.[19]

Jordanian era

In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Rafat came under Jordanian rule.

In 1961, the population was 375.[20]

Post-1967

File:Rafat.jpg
Rafat

Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Rafat has been under Israeli occupation.

After the 1995 accords, 7.5% of the village land was classified as Area B, the remaining 92.5% as Area C. According to ARIJ, Israel has confiscated 101 dunams of land from Rafat and land from Zawiya for the Israeli quarry of "Mazor Atiqa". This quarry is now on the Israeli side of the separation wall, and Israel exports 94% of the materials extracted from it to Israel. This in a clear violation of the international law, which does not permit any civil occupation to exploit natural resources in occupied territories for their economic favour.[21]

Notable people

References

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  1. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  2. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  3. ↑ a b c Finkelstein et al, 1997, pp. 254–255
  4. ↑ Dauphin, 1998, p. 815
  5. ↑ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 134
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. 126
  8. ↑ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, p. 20
  9. ↑ Guérin, 1875, pp. 129 -130; as given in Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 367
  10. ↑ Guérin, 1875, p.130: le roc et mesurant 15 pas de long sur 1o de large. Sur les pentes de la colline ont été pratiqués plusieurs tombeaux, dont la forme est celle d'auges ou de fosses creusées perpendiculairement dans le roc, à fleur du sol; elles étaient fermées jadis au moyen soit d'un couvercle en dos d'âne,soit tout simplement de gros blocs monolithes plus ou moins bien équarris, comme on l'observe, par exemple, pour les tombeaux du Kharbet el-Medieh, à l'endroit appelé Kharbet el-Yehoud.
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 286
  13. ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 367
  14. ↑ Barron, 1923, Table IX, p. 26
  15. ↑ Mills, 1932, p. 64
  16. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 19
  17. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 60
  18. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 107
  19. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 157
  20. ↑ Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. 26
  21. ↑ Rafat village profile, ARIJ, p. 17

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Bibliography

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External links

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