Aporrhaidae
Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox
Aporrhaidae is a family of sea snails commonly called the "pelican's foot snails." The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005[1] categorizes Aporrhaidae as marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha.
Aporrhaids are commercially important, especially in traditional fisheries.[2]
Description
Aporrhaids have a large lip with finger-like extensions, and a small operculum. They do not have movable eyes. Instead, their eyes are fixed at the base of each tentacle.[3]
The mollusk has one narrow foot, which renders its motion interrupted as the foot must raise the shell a tiny bit in each single movement, simultaneously pushing it forward. The motion must be repeated again and again for the mollusk to travel.[4]
Habitat
Aporrhaidae live on muddy and sandy bottoms, sometimes in very large populations.
Subfamilies
Subfamilies in the family Aporrhaidae include:
- Aporrhainae Gray, 1850 - synonym: Chenopidae Deshayes, 1865
- Arrhoginae Popenoe, 1983 - synonyms: Alariidae Koken, 1889 (inv.); Dicrolomatidae Korotkov, 1992
- † Harpagonidae Pchelintsev, 1963
- † Perissopterinae Korotkov, 1992 - synonym: Struthiopterinae Zinsmeister & Griffin, 1995
- † Spinigerinae Korotkov, 1992 (inv.)
Genera
There are only two Recent genera:[5][6]
- Aporrhais da Costa, 1778
- Arrhoges Gabb, 1868
- † Dicroloma Gabb, 1868
- † Drepanocheilus Meek, 1864
- † Hemichenopus Steinmann & Wilckens, 1908
- † Struthioptera Finlay & Marwick, 1937
Fossil genera within the family Aporrhaidae include:
- Alarimella Saul, 1998
- Anchura Conrad, 1860
- Antarctohoges Stilwell & Zinsmeister, 1992
- Araeodactylus Harris & Burrows, 1891
- Auriala Hacobjan, 1976
- Austroaporrhais Zinsmeister & Griffin, 1995
- Bicorempterus Gründel, 2001
- Ceratosiphon Gill, 1870
- Cultrigera Böhm, 1885
- Cuphosolenus Piette, 1876
- Cuphotifer Piette, 1876
- Cyclomolops Gabb, 1868
- Diarthema Piette, 1864
- Digitolabrum Cossmann, 1904
- Dimorphosoma Gardner, 1875
- Graciliala Sohl, 1960
- Goniocheila Gabb, 1868
- Helicaulax Gabb, 1868
- Kangilioptera Rosenkrantz, 1970
- Kaunhowenia Abdel Gawad, 1986
- Latiala Sohl, 1960
- Lispodesthes White, 1875
- Maussenetia Cossmann, 1904
- Mexopus Kiel & Perrilliat, 2001
- Monocuphus Piette, 1876
- Perissopter Tate, 1865
- Peruchilus Olsson, 1931
- Pietteia Cossmann, 1904
- Platyoptera Conrad, 1855
- Pseudanchura Kollmann, 2005
- Pterocerella Meek, 1864
- Pugioptera Pchelincev, 1953
- Strombopugnellus Koch, 1911
- Struthiochenopus Zinsmeister & Griffin, 1995
- Teneposita Loch, 1989
- Tessarolax Gabb, 1864
- Tibiaporrhais Elder, 1990
- Toarctocera Gründel, Nützel & Schulbert, 2009[7] - type species: Rostellaria subpunctata - Toarctocera subpunctata (von Munster in Goldfuss, 1826–1844)
- Trilemma Blagovetshenskiy & Shumilkin, 2006
- Tulochilus Finlay & Marwick, 1937
- Tundora Stephenson, 1941
- Ueckeritzella Gründel, 1998
- Wateletia Cossmann, 1889
References
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- ↑ Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.); Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdes A. & Warén A. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology, 47(1-2). ConchBooks: Hackenheim, Germany. Template:ISBN. ISSN 0076-2997. 397 pp. http://www.vliz.be/Vmdcdata/imis2/ref.php?refid=78278
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- ↑ Gofas, S. (2012). Aporrhaidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=22988 on 2012-09-27
- ↑ Kronenberg, G.C. 1991: The Recent species of the family Aporrhaidae. Vita marina, 41(2): 73-84.
- ↑ Gründel, J., Nützel A. & Schulbert C. (24 July) 2009. Toarctocera (Gastropoda, Aporrhaidae): a new genus from the Jurassic (Toarcian/Aalenian) of South Germany and the early evolutionary history of the family Aporrhaidae. Paläontologische Zeitschrift (online), PDF
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- Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). Template:ISBN. XII, 195 pp.